基于冲激响应加窗法的CO-OFDM系统信道估计研究

针对相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统中光纤的色散和信号传输过程中噪声对系统可靠性的降低,提出了信道的冲激响应加窗(IRM,impulse response processed with window)算法,在最小二乘(LS)算法的基础上,通过时域加窗将信道冲激响应长度以外的噪声滤除,保证了信道冲激响应长度在OFDM保护间隔之内。在算法复杂度提高并不大的前提下,IRW算法系统误码率(BER)比LS算法降低了近1个数量级。仿真结果表明,在256个子载波的CO-OFDM系统中,BER为10-4时,IRW算法对系统信噪比(SNR)的要求比LS算法低了近2.5dB,而只比线性最小均方误差(LMMSE)算法高0.7dB;并且,IRW算法的复乘次数仅比LS算法高8倍,而比LMMSE算法的复乘次数低32倍。     

Performance of the Zero Forcing precoding MIMO broadcast systems with channel estimation errors

In this paper, the effect of channel estimation errors upon the Zero Forcing (ZF) precoding Multiple Input Multiple Output Broadcast (MIMO BC) systems was studied. Based on the two kinds of Gaussian estimation error models, the performance analysis is conducted under different power allocation strategies. Analysis and simulation show that if the covariance of channel estimation errors is independent of the received Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), imperfect channel knowledge deteriorates the sum capacity and the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance severely. However, under the situation of orthogonal training and the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation, the sum ca- pacity and BER performance are consistent with those of the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) with only a performance degradation.     

Recursive maximum likelihood estimation of time‐varying carrier frequency offset for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems

A recursive maximum likelihood carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator is proposed in this work, where redundancy information contained in the cyclic prefix of multiple consecutive orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is exploited in an efficient recursive fashion. Because the estimator is based on multiple OFDM symbols, the time‐varying CFO must be considered. We investigate the effect of time‐varying CFO on the performance of the estimator and the trade‐off between fast tracking ability and low estimation variance. We show that, without channel noise, the mean squared error (MSE) of estimation due to CFO estimation variation increases approximately quadratically with n, where n is the number of OFDM symbols used for CFO estimation (estimation window size), whereas the MSE due to channel noise decreases proportionally to 1/n (approximately) if the CFO is constant. A closed‐form expression of the optimal estimation window size (approximately) is derived by minimizing the MSE caused by both time‐varying CFO and channel noise. For wireless systems with time‐varying rate of change for CFO, the proposed estimator can be implemented adaptively. In addition, typical optimal estimation window sizes for WiMAX, DVB‐SH and MediaFLO systems are evaluated as an example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于子载波消噪和小波变换的频谱池信道估计

提出一种基于子载波消噪和小波阈值去噪的多天线频谱池信道估计方法．多天线接收信号携带的噪声同时分布在禁用子载波和可用子载波上,为了降低噪声对信道估计带来的影响,需要分步消除这两部分噪声。禁用子载波携带的噪声可在频域消除,可用子载波上的信号可通过小波变换做降噪处理．在低信噪比和没有信道统计特性的条件下,将信号转换到频域对禁用子载波做消噪处理,采用最小二乘（Least square,L S）方法在时域进行信道估计,并对各支路信道估计进行小波阈值去噪处理,进一步降低可用子载波噪声对信道估计性能的影响．最后通过最大比合并（Maximal Ratio Combining,MRC）的方法得到合并信号的最小二乘信道估计．仿真分析表明,采用子载波消噪和小波阈值去噪的信道估计方法可有效提高多天线频谱池系统性能．      

High SNR sum capacity analysis of BD MIMO BC systems with imperfect CSI

We investigate the sum capacity of Block Diagonalization precoding Multiple Input Multiple Output Broadcast Channels (BD MIMO BC) with imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) at the base station. Since it is difficult to obtain the exact expression, a lower and an upper bounds of the sum capacity under Gaussian channel estimation errors are drived instead. Analyses show that the gap between two bounds is considerably tight at all Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) region. From the lower bound of the sum capacity, we can see that the multiplexing gain tends to be zero at high SNR region, which indicates that the BD MIMO BC system with channel estimation errors is interference-limited at high SNR.     

非采样间隔信道的LTE上行信道估计新方法

为了解决非采样间隔信道的冲激响应能量泄漏和低信噪比下高斯白噪声的干扰问题,采用一种将小波去噪技术与改进的基于DFT的估计方法相结合的LTE上行系统信道估计的新方法。仿真结果表明,基于部分加权估计的时间窗函数的正确选择能有效地改善原有方法在高信噪比下的地板效应,与小波去噪结合能有效提高低信噪比下的信道估计性能。     

多用户MC DS-CDMA系统中的时频域信道估计方法

该文提出了一种用于多用户MC DS-CDMA系统的信道估计方法,该方法在平均时域估计的基础上迭代一次平均频域信道估计,较好地改善了信道估计的性能。仿真结果表明,经过平均时域信道估计方法能较大程度地滤除多址干扰(MAI)和噪声,提高信道估计的准确性。再经过迭代一次平均频域信道估计,系统的误码率(BER)性能还可进一步改善,经过两次信道估计,系统取得的性能已很接近理想估计的性能。     

基于正交解扩的信干比估计方法

研究了TDD-CDMA(时分双工-码分多址)系统中的SIR(信干比)估计问题。现有的SIR估计方法准确度依赖于信道条件和观测时间,而TDD-CDMA系统复用时隙短,车速条件下信道变化剧烈的特点使得估计准确度降低。针对这种情况,提出了一种基于正交解扩的SIR估计方法。通过COSSAP仿真对比结果表明,该方法在瑞利衰落信道和AWGN(加性高斯白噪声)信道条件不同调制方式下,从低SIR到高SIR的很大范围内都有比较好的性能。     

OFDM-UWB系统的自适应联合信道估计算法

提出了一种新的MB-OFDM-UWB自适应联合信道估计算法,该算法首先对基于DFT的信道估计算法进行改进,使其能自适应的调整滤波窗口的大小。然后利用改进后的算法与梳状导频估计相结合。算法的优点在于能根据不同的信道的统计特征,自适应调整滤波器窗口的大小,从而减少了噪声对信道估计的影响,并保留了梳状导频估计能快速跟踪信道变化的特性。仿真结果表明,该算法能很好地适用于UWB室内信道。     

Analysis of low-complexity windowed DFT-based MMSE channelestimator for OFDM systems

Low-complexity windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimators are proposed and analyzed for both the interpolation and noninterpolation cases for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communications systems. In the proposed method, the frequency domain data windowing is used to reduce the aliasing errors for the interpolation case and get better noise filtering performance for the noninterpolation case. The time domain MMSE weighting is also used to suppress the channel noise for both cases. Moreover, the optimal generalized Hanning window shape is searched to minimize the channel estimation mean square error (MSE). Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method performance is close to the optimal MMSE estimator and is much better than the direct DFT-based estimator for both cases. Compared with the optimal MMSE estimator, however, the computation load of the proposed method can be significantly reduced because the IDFT/DFT transforms can be implemented with the fast algorithms IFFT/FFT     

Channel estimation joint DOAs and time delay correlation in TD‐SCDMA mobile radio systems

An improved channel estimation technique based on the Steiner low‐cost channel estimator is proposed, which is widely used in TD‐SCDMA (Time Division‐Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) cellular mobile radio systems. TD‐SCDMA is also known as third‐generation mobile systems where adaptive antennas are employed. As additive noise has a great adverse effect on the performance of the Steiner estimator, the proposed method employs time‐correlated post‐processing with a threshold filter to reduce channel noise and compensate channel variations. Furthermore, channel estimation combining direction‐of‐arrivals (DOAs) is performed, which can reduce channel interferences without adding computational complexity, for the information of DOAs has been obtained by the inherent adaptive antenna system. The performance of the improved channel estimator is compared with conventional channel estimation approaches, and numerical results show that the new approach can lead to considerable performance enhancement even in high‐speed vehicle propagation environments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种TD-SCDMA载波频偏与信道联合估计算法

通过分析时分同步码分多址(TD-SCDMA)系统的载波频偏和信道特性,提出一种频偏与信道联合估计算法。该算法通过对训练序列部分相关,然后做差分将频偏和信道特性解耦,并通过逐次迭代最终精确估计出频偏和信道参数。仿真结果表明,算法频偏估计性能接近Cramr-Rao界,准确度较高;全链路仿真误码率性能优越,信道估计准确。算法复杂度不高,实用性强,同样适用于其它的TDD模式的CDMA系统。     

基于SC-FDMA系统的噪声估计算法研究

为了提高单载波频分多址接入(SC-FDMA)系统的性能,一种简单且有效的基于探测参考信号(SRS)的噪声估计算法是必要的.针对传统基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)算法的缺陷,提出了一种改进的基于DFT的算法.另外,在该改进的基于DFT的算法的基础上,又通过增加汉宁窗进行修正,减小了高信噪比下信号能量的泄露.仿真结果表明,在低信噪比下,改进的基于DFT的算法的性能相比传统的算法性能上有4 dB的改善.但是,在高信噪比下,改进的基于DFT的算法的性能逐渐变差,而通过添加汉宁窗却能修正这一缺陷,使其性能得到至少4 dB的改善.     

一种基于最小均方误差准则的联合多小区信道估计算法

信道估计的准确程度直接影响到联合检测算法的性能。传统的信道估计算法将其他小区用户的信号均作为白噪声来处理,因此影响了信道估计的准确性。该文提出基于最小均方误差准则的联合多小区信道估计算法,由于改变了信道估计矩阵的结构,将邻小区强干扰用户也作为可以检测的用户信号来处理,降低了信道估计中噪声功率。该算法不仅适用于多小区联合检测,也可用于单小区联合检测。与传统的Steiner信道估计算法相比,新算法在存在邻小区同频干扰的情况下,能够很大程度提高信道估计的精度,进而大幅提升TD-SCDMA系统的性能。     

Frequency offset estimation based on peak power ratio in LTE system

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） is one of the key techniques for long term evolution （LTE） system. Frequency offset estimation of OFDM is an essential issue. Especially in the high-speed environment, the frequency offset will become large. Based on the features of LTE uplink physical random access channel （PRACH）, this paper proposes a new frequency offset algorithm by using peak power ratio to enlarge the range of frequency offset estimation. According to the relation between frequency offset and the power delay profile （PDP）, the ratio of the peak power of the PDP at the main window to that at the negative window or positive window is utilized to estimate frequency offset. Simulation results show that the new proposed algorithm extends the estimation range of frequency offset from 1 000 Hz to 1 250 Hz. Meanwhile the accuracy of frequency offset estimation is almost not lost. Particularly in low signal noise ratio （SNR）, the new algorithm has lower mean square error （MSE） compared with traditional phase differential algorithm.     

融合残差SENet的毫米波大规模MIMO信道估计

在户外光线追踪场景下,针对毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)系统受户外环境噪声干扰导致估计精度低的问题,提出了一种融合残差挤压激励网络(Squeeze-and-Excitation Network, SENet)的条件生成对抗网络的信道估计方法。该方法采用条件生成对抗网络将低分辨率接收信号重建为高分辨率的原始信号完成信道估计,同时在生成器网络中引入SENet网络模块来抑制户外场景下显著性噪声干扰,提高估计精度;最后将残差网络中的残差块添加到SENet的放缩操作后,提高条件生成对抗网络的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,相较于正交匹配追踪算法、卷积神经网络、去噪卷积神经网络和条件生成对抗网络算法,所提方法在户外噪声环境下估计精度平均提高了约2.2 dB,且在高噪声强度下估计精度的提高更为显著。     

基于MUSIC和ML方法的MIMO系统参数估计

该文提出了一种基于MUSIC和ML方法联合估计MIMO系统频偏和信道增益的算法,该算法首先使用MUSIC方法估计出多个发射天线到某一接收天线的频偏子集,然后利用最大似然方法在这个有限子集中分离出不同天线对之间的频偏,最后在频率同步的基础上利用最大似然估计器对信道增益进行估计。该算法解决了在估计多个频偏时直接使用最大似然估计进行多维搜索的问题,将多维搜索转化为一维搜索,降低了算法的复杂度。     

OFDM系统中基于PM的时延估计算法

在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的超分辨时延估计中,针对多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法的特征分解计算复杂度较高的问题,给出一种基于传播算子(PM)的时延估计算法。对OFDM系统进行信道估计,根据信道估计结果计算协方差矩阵,并利用协方差矩阵计算PM,然后根据PM构造出噪声子空间并将其标准正交化,最后利用伪谱函数进行时延估计。仿真结果和复杂度分析表明,在复杂度大幅度下降的条件下,所提算法与MUSIC性能相当,且逼近克拉美罗界。     

基于阈值处理的TD-SCDMA下行多用户信道估计方法

 阈值后处理是针对TD-SCDMA系统中B Steiner信道估计器受加性噪声影响而提出的一种去噪方法,该方法误滤除信息径,保留噪声径.本文提出一种基于阈值处理的多用户信道估计方法,它基于某一下行用户会收到所有其它下行用户的训练序列这一特性,设定一个值,与各用户幅度加权值比较,去掉信噪比很小的用户对应的信道估计窗,将其余用户的信道估计窗进行平均,然后将平均后的结果再进行阈值后处理,抑制由噪声贡献的信道响应.仿真结果表明,提出的方法与直接进行阈值后处理法在同一误码率下,所需平均信噪比(SNR)降低1~4dB;在SNR低于5dB时,与复杂度高的加权合并法具有相同的误码率.     

A Novel Adaptive Optimized Fast Blind Channel Estimation for Cyclic Prefix Assisted Space–Time Block Coded MIMO-OFDM Systems

In this paper an adaptive optimized fast blind channel estimation using cyclic prefix supported with Space Time Block Coded Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (STBC-MIMO-OFDM) system is presented. The main aspire of our technique is to support multiple users at the same time over same frequency band based on the Multi-Carrier Code-Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) approach. High complexity and low convergence is the main obstacle in earlier blind channel estimation techniques. Modified flower pollination algorithm is implemented to overcome this problem. The MC-CDMA approach is utilized to implement the blind channel estimation. The proposed MC-CDMA is used to reduce the error rate included in the Blind Channel Estimation. As a part of wireless communications, time block coding technique is utilized to transmit several copies of information across the number of antennas. To develop the consistency of data transfer different received data is used and then MFPA results in lower fuel cost compared to FPA. MFPA produces better results compared with previous methods.