芬顿法脱除硫酸锰溶液中残余有机物的研究

采用芬顿法对硫酸锰溶液中残余有机物进行氧化脱除,通过测定溶液COD值的变化来判断脱除效果。考察了溶液的初始pH、Fe2+浓度、H2O2/Fe2+摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度等对COD脱除率的影响。结果表明,在初始pH为3.50、Fe2+浓度0.03 mol/L、H2O2/Fe2+=5、30℃反应60 min时,溶液COD脱除率为75.35%     

工业污水中COD值的快速分析

污水中 COD 值是评价水质污染程度的重要指标之一,按经典法完成一个试样分析要4h。笔者在前人经验的基础上,在硫磷混酸中,用重铬酸钾回流氧化 10min 后快速测定 COD 值,方法准确、重现性好。本法适用于测定 COD 值较高的污水,比经典法提高工效5倍。     

锰矿石浸出液中残余有机物的深度脱除

研究了采用芬顿氧化—活性炭吸附法从锰矿石浸出液中深度脱除残余有机物,考察了双氧水用量、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)物质的量比、浸出液初始pH、反应温度和反应时间对COD脱除率的影响,以及活性炭用量、吸附温度和吸附时间对COD进一步脱除的影响。结果表明:在双氧水用量0.15 mol/L、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)物质的量比为3、浸出液初始pH=3、反应温度50℃、反应时间90 min条件下,COD脱除率为83.17%;在芬顿氧化基础上,用活性炭进一步吸附脱除有机物,最优吸附条件为活性炭用量3.75 g/L,吸附温度70℃,吸附时间120 min。在该条件下,COD脱除率达93.11%。     

高氯废水COD的快速测定

叙述了在Cl~-为20.000mg/L的条件下,以AgNO_3做沉淀剂,催化剂,控制酸度为20mol·L~(-1),消化时间为15min的快速测定废水COD的方法。     

Fenton试剂去除聚丙烯酰胺的实验研究

阐述了PAM废水的成因和特点,以Fenton试剂为氧化剂通过氧化的方法去除水体中的过量PAM。探讨在去除PAM过程中H2O2与COD比值,pH值,H2O2与Fe2＋比值以及反应时间对去除效果的影响。通过实验,最佳的配比为：pH=4,H2O2/COD=2.5,Fe2＋/H2O2=1/10,在转速为250 r/min条件下,最佳反应时间为90 min。     

常温下测定COD的可行性

本文对常温下测定COD和其他测试COD方法进行了可行性研究，得出常温下测定使用仪器设备简单，操作简便、快速，具有一定的实用性，测试结果具有较大的参考价值。     

萃取皂化废水除COD制工业盐工艺研究

研究了皂化废水中含油量、COD浓度对皂化废水结晶盐的品质影响和Fenton氧化法降解COD工艺。结果表明,经活性炭除油后,含油量小于5 mg/L;在摩尔比n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)=8、反应pH=3.0、双氧水浓度0.472 mmol/L、反应时间60 min的条件下,COD浓度小于217 mg/L。经上述工艺处理后的皂化水用氢氧化钠沉淀除铁,蒸发结晶可以得到白度为87.52、氯化钠纯度为95.7%、达到一级标准的工业级氯化钠盐。     

微波法测定氧化钼块中钼和水分含量

将氧化钼样品经处理转化为钼酸铅沉淀后，以微波炉代替马弗炉对沉淀进行了干燥试验，同时对氧化钼的水分测定也采用了微波干燥法。结果表明，利用微波法可使沉淀干燥的时间由30min缩短为7min，氧化钼干燥时间由2h缩短为4min。显著提高了样品中钼和水分的测定速度。     

分光光度法测定铅、锌工业废水中COD量

利用HACH-DRB200型COD消解仪,用自主研发的预制试剂,建立了测定COD浓度的分光光度法。COD在30~800 mg/L时,测定波长为605 nm,方法检出限为16 mg/L,加标回收率为97.40%~102.30%。测定费用低,准确度和精密度高,测定结果令人满意。     

冷轧乳化液废水电凝聚处理研究

研究了用电凝聚法处理冷轧乳化液废水的可行性,对比了直流电凝聚与交流电凝聚处理乳化液废水的效果,考查了直流条件下电流密度、电极间距、pH值、电凝聚时间等因素对COD、浊度去除效果的影响。研究结果表明,在相同操作条件下直流电凝聚去除COD、浊度的效果均优于交流电凝聚处理。直流电凝聚在电流密度为30 mA/cm2、电极间距为5 mm、pH值为5、处理时间为45 min条件下,去除COD与浊度的效果均最佳,去除率分别达到9075％和99.76％。     

从CODcr法废液中回收银

为防止可溶性银盐对环境二次污染.用两种技术从CODcr,法测定废水COD的废液中回收银,回收率均达85%以上.     

Fenton and Electro-Fenton Methods for Oxidation of H-Acid and Reactive Black 5

Oxidative treatment of H-acid (HA) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) using Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) and the electro-Fenton (EF) method is reported. Optimization of doses of ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide was carried out in each case using HA; and the oxidation of RB5 was also carried out under the optimized conditions. Approximately 71% chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed in 2 h using the conventional Fenton method at optimized doses: Fe2+ = 0.3?g/L (5.37 mM), H2O2 = 6?mL/L (53.0 mM), H2O2/Fe2+ = 10. In contrast, more than 92% COD was removed in 15 min using the EF method with an optimized Fe2+ dose of 0.130?g/L (2.34 mM) and 8?ml/L (70.6 mM) of H2O2. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) for the Fenton reagent and EF method were 0.054 and 0.38?min?1. The COD removal through the EF method was seven times faster. The calculated energy requirement of the EF method was 0.82?kg?COD/kW?h at the minimum applied current (0.25 A) when approximately 92.5% COD was removed. In the case of RB5, about 67 and 87% COD was removed under optimized Fenton and electro-Fenton conditions, respectively. The higher efficiency of the EF method was attributed to incremental addition of Fe2+ and accompanying higher H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio. The results are discussed in the light of the mechanism for Fenton’s oxidation.     

PFS法处理镍钼矿酸浸液萃钼余液的研究

采用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)法处理镍钼矿酸浸液萃钼余液中的重金属离子和化学耗氧量(COD),考察双氧水用量、PFS用量、搅拌时间、pH对余液中Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Ni~(2+)及COD含量的影响。结果表明,在双氧水用量20 mL/L、PFS用量60 mg/L、搅拌时间90 min、pH 11.0的条件下,COD可降至500 mg/L以下,去除率高达89%,重金属离子均达到GB 8978-1996污水综合排放一级标准。     

Treatment of Drilling Wastewater by Combined Coagulation-Ultraviolet/Fenton-Pressurized Biological Processes

An integrated technique containing coagulation, ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation, and pressurized biological processes was provided for the treatment of wastewater generated from drilling operation where sulfonated muds were used. Ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation process was used to improve biodegradability of effluent after coagulation [assessed through a ratio of biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (COD) (B/C) index]. Pressurized biological experiments were used to further remove COD so as to meet the wastewater discharge standard. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment could help remove most of CODs (70–80%) in drilling wastewater. A 57% reduction in COD was obtained in the ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation process with 0.8 Qth H2O2 (in 30 min), and the biodegradability was significantly improved (B/C was increased from 0.03 to 0.47). The pressurized biological process could help speed up the reaction process with a saved aeration time of 66.7% under a system pressure of 0.2 MPa (in comparison with the condition of a normal pressure). The overall COD removal efficiency was about 95% and the COD level in the final effluent was less than 100 mg/L, which satisfied the wastewater discharge standard.     

从某沉积污泥中提取金、银试验研究

采用焙烧-酸浸-氰化工艺从沉积污泥中提取金、银,试验考察了氰化浸出反应液固比、pH值、氰化钠质量分数、反应时间、搅拌速度对金、银浸出率的影响。沉淀污泥在焙烧温度903K、焙烧时间2h的条件下,进行预处理;焙砂在反应液固比4：1、硫酸浓度0．5mol／L、反应时间3h、反应温度323K、搅拌速度300r／min的条件下,进行硫酸浸出;酸浸渣在反应液固比4：1、pH10．5、氰化钠质量分数0．4％、反应温度298K、搅拌速度250r／min、反应时间72h的条件下,进行氰化浸出;金、银浸出率分别可达93．2％、79．1％。     

HMBR法处理某黄金矿山氨氮废水试验研究

针对某黄金矿山外排水氨氮浓度较高的特点,采用复合式膜生物反应器(HMBR)系统进行处理。研究了在好氧区pH为弱酸性及中性条件下,HMBR法对氨氮和COD等典型污染物的去除特征。试验确定了HMBR法最佳工艺参数:好氧区pH值控制为6.80~7.20,DO为2~3 mg/L,动态曝气运行周期6 min(运行-间歇时间4 min^-2 min),在线化学清洗措施为“柠檬酸+水-次氯酸钠”,水力停留时间为2.34 d,HMBR出水中氨氮和COD均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级要求。该研究为HMBR法处理氨氮废水的工业化应用提供数据支持。     

置换法从废定影液中回收银的研究

研究了用金属铁作置换剂从洗相废定影液中回收银的工艺及其影响因素;确定了最佳置换条件为:铁粉用量3.8 g/L,pH值 5.5,温度40 ℃,搅拌速度1 440 r/min,搅拌时间30 min.在该试验条件下,银的置换率达到95.6 %,回收1 kg银的成本为58.6元.