UHMWPE/CNTs复合纤维的制备及其性能研究

通过对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行纯化功能化处理,采用凝胶纺丝制备了UHMWPE/CNTs复合纤维;利用激光拉曼光谱研究了纤维中CNTs的取向排列、结晶结构,探讨了复合纤维的蠕变性能及力学性能。结果表明:经纯化和功能化的CNTs轮廓清楚,在白油中的分散稳定性大大提高,随着纤维拉伸倍数的提高,CNTs趋向于沿着纤维取向方向排列,纤维结晶度提高;随着CNTs含量的增加,复合纤维的拉伸强度和杨氏模量呈现先升高后下降趋势,而断裂伸长率和蠕变率逐渐下降;添加质量分数2%的CNTs的复合纤维同UHM-WPE纤维相比,其蠕变量降低,拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别提高了29.3%和18.9%。     

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维改性研究进展

从UHMWPE纤维改性目的出发,综述了通过等离子体、射线辐照、接枝聚合等手段改善UHMWPE纤维表面性能的各种方法.其中利用等离子体处理UHMWPE纤维,以及一些通过化学试剂引入反应性基团处理UHM-WPE纤维应用较为广泛.介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯常见的改性方法以及近几年来的研究进展,并对于UHMWPE纤维发展趋势做出展...     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维蠕变性能研究进展

介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的蠕变机理及蠕变行为;综述了UHMWPE纤维抗蠕变改性方法,即物理改性方法(填充改性和多次拉伸法)和化学改性法(紫外线辐照交联法、硅烷偶联剂法、高能射线辐照法),讨论了各改性方法的工艺特点和处理效果,紫外线辐照交联法应用较为广泛;指出在UHM-WPE纤维抗蠕变性能的研究过程中,应注重改性的效率和成本,以尽快实现抗蠕变改性UHMWPE纤维工艺技术的工业化。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的性能与纺丝研究

研究了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的性能,采用冻胶纺丝-超倍拉伸技术,对不同UHM-WPE进行纺丝.制得UHMEPW纤维;通过扫描电镜、广角X射线衍射、声速法、强力仪,对UHMWPE纤维的结构与性能进行研究.结果表明:不同UHMWPE的相对分子质量、粒径分布等物理性能对其的溶胀溶解、以及纺制纤维的性能有较大影...     

低温等离子体技术在超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维表面改性中的应用

介绍了低温等离子体的概念、分类及其在超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWP E)表面改性方面的特点;阐述了国内外在低温等离子体对UHMWPE纤维表面改性前后纤维本身及其复合材料性能的影响情况;简介了用自行研制的低温等离子体设备对UHMWPE纤维进行表面改性的研究结果和低温等离子体处理UHMWPE纤维表面改性的发展前景。实验表明,UHMWPE纤维经过等离子体处理后表面产生刻蚀和交联,其与树脂间的粘结性能改善;该低温等离子体设备能满足UHMWPE纤维表面改性连续化生产需要。     

纤维级超高分子量聚乙烯的制备及性能研究

采用自制新型高效负载型QTE-1催化剂,合成了用于纺丝的纤维级超高分子量聚乙烯(UHM-WPE),进行了中试以及工业化生产;考察了反应温度、反应压力等工艺条件对UHMWPE性能的影响,并考察了其纺丝性能。结果表明:QTE-1催化剂体系聚合活性较高,可达5×104g/(g.h)以上,反应动力学平稳,UHMWPE黏均分子量可达4×106以上;UHMWPE黏均分子量随反应温度的升高而降低,随反应压力的增大而增高;UHMWPE堆密度随反应温度和反应压力升高而增高;UHMWPE中试和工业化生产工艺平稳,产品性能优异,能够较好地满足纺丝要求。UHMWPE纤维断裂强度达28.44 cN/dtex,模量达1 400 cN/dtex。     

UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜的制备及性能研究

通过在超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纺丝液中添加不同含量的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),采用热致相分离法制备了UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜,实现对UHMWPE中空纤维膜的亲水改性,并通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、差示扫描量热仪、万能材料试验机等对中空纤维膜的结构与性能进行了表征,采用自制UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜过滤装置对中空纤维膜的过滤性能及防污性能进行了评价。结果表明:随着EVA含量的增加,UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜的断面结构变得致密,熔点及结晶度下降,接触角减小,亲水性提高,但其拉伸强度有所下降;随着EVA含量的增加,UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜的孔隙率增大,但随着EVA添加质量分数(相对UHMWPE质量)进一步增大到20%,孔隙率则随之下降;当加入EVA质量分数(相对UHMWPE质量)15%时,UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜的纯水通量和截留率以及水通量回复率均达到最大值,即其纯水通量为435.77 L/m~2·h,对牛血清蛋白及碳素墨水的截留率分别为68.5%和93.95%,水通量回复率达94.66%;UHMWPE/EVA中空纤维膜中,EVA的最佳添加量其质量分数(相对UHMWPE质量)为15%。     

聚酯/碳纳米管共混纤维的抗静电性能

通过采用碳纳米管(CNTs)与聚酯(PET)切片混合制成抗静电母粒,再将抗静电母粒与PET切片共混纺丝制得PET/CNTs共混纤维。用纤维比电阻仪、摩擦式织物静电测试仪测量不同CNTs含量的共混纤维及其织物的抗静电性能。研究结果表明:添加少量的CNTs能明显改善聚酯纤维和织物的抗静电性能,共混纤维的抗静电性能随着CNTs添加量的增加而提高。     

超高分子质量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的共混改性

超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维是一种重要的战略材料，目前已经广泛应用于防弹背心、安全纺织品、船用绳索和高强度复合材料等领域；但其也存在易蠕变、耐热性差以及再加工、复合困难等问题，亟需高效改性以进一步拓展应用。聚焦近年来UHMWPE的共混改性研究，综述了共混改性对UHMWPE纤维力学、耐热、加工等性能的影响，探讨了共混改性的作用机制，展望了共混改性UHMWPE纤维及其复合材料的应用领域及前景。     

UHMWPE/CNTs冻胶体系的流变行为研究

研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)的加入对超高分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)稳态表观粘度、粘流活化能、非牛顿指数和结构粘度指数的影响。结果表明:碳纳米管添加量小于或等于3ω时,UHMWPE/CNTs冻胶体系的粘流括化能降低,表观粘度都低于空白UHMWPE冻胶体系。CNTs的加入对UHMWPE冻胶体系的非牛顿指数和结构粘度指数影响不大。     

Investigation of the ultradrawing properties of gel spun fibers of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/carbon nanotube blends

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contents, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) concentrations and temperatures of UHMWPE, and CNTs added gel solutions exhibited significant influence on their rheological and spinning properties and the drawability of the corresponding UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers. Tremendously high shear viscosities (ηs) of UHMWPE gel solutions were found as the temperatures reached 140°C, at which their ηs values approached the maximum. After adding CNTs, the ηs values of UHMWPE/CNTs gel solutions increase significantly and reach a maximum value as the CNTs contents increase up to a specific value. At each spinning temperature, the achievable draw ratios obtained for UHMWPE as‐prepared fibers prepared near the optimum concentration are significantly higher than those of UHMWPE as‐prepared fibers prepared at other concentrations. After addition of CNTs, the achievable draw ratios of UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers prepared near the optimum concentration improve consistently and reach a maximum value as their CNTs contents increase up to an optimum value. To understand these interesting drawing properties of the UHMWPE and UHMWPE/CNTs as‐prepared fibers, the birefringence, thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of the as‐prepared and drawn fibers were investigated. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting properties are proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯/碳纳米管复合纤维的制备

利用冻胶纺丝的方法制备了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯／碳纳米管(UHMWPE／CNTs)复合纤维,以高锰酸钾和硫酸为氧化剂对CNTs进行纯化处理,用DNZ-201钛酸酯对纯化处理后的CNTs进行功能化处理。采用TEM、SEM和FTIR对CNTs的形态、基团变化和CNTs在UHMWPE中的分散情况进行测试。结果表明,该氧化剂对CNTs的纯化有良好的效果,可以除去大部分附在CNTs上的杂质,产生了有利于功能化的有机基团;SEM和TEM测试结果表明,功能化处理后CNTs可以较为均匀地分散在UHMWPE基体中,没有出现明显的CNTs的团聚现象,而且使UHMWPE大分子排列趋于规整。     

聚酯/碳纳米管导电纤维结构与性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备聚酯／碳纳米管(PET／CNTs)导电复合材料,为保证CNTs在PET中分散均匀,同时加入了矿物偶联剂,经扫描电镜分析,加入相对CNTs质量分数为50％矿物偶联剂能帮助CNTs在PET基体中均匀分散。PET复合材料中加入质量分数约为2％的CNTs可以使其体积电阻率从1014下降到102数量级。采用复合纺丝获得了导电纤维,分别在PET织物和羊毛织物中,添加相对织物质量分数为25％,3％的PET／CNTs导电纤维,可使相应织物具有优良的抗静电效果。     

UHMWPE纤维高强度绳索的研究

研究了纤维捻度、粘结剂对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维力学性能的影响及浸胶UHMWPE纤维表面的耐磨性能。UHMWPE纤维的断裂强力随着纤维捻度的增加而下降；纤维表面浸胶处理后断裂强力提高，当UH—MWPE纤维中改性氯丁胶或聚氨酯粘结剂的合量为6％时，其断裂强力增加17．2％或13．9％。经聚氨酯粘结剂处理的UHMWPE纤维表面的耐磨性能最好。     

Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers by γ-radiation-induced grafting

A technique for grafting acrylic polymers on the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers utilizing ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation at low dose rates and low total dose has been developed. Unlike some of the more prevalent surface modification schemes, this technique achieves surface grafting with complete retention of the exceptional UHMWPE fiber mechanical properties. In particular, poly(butyl acrylate) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) were successfully grafted onto UHMWPE fibers with no loss in tensile properties. The surface and tensile properties of the fibers were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared/photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR/PAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and tensile tests. The reinforcement efficiency of untreated, polymer-grafted, and plasma-treated UHMWPE fibers in polystyrene and a poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate-co-cyclohexyl methacrylate) statistical terpolymer was characterized using mechanical tensile tests. The thermoplastic matrix composites were prepared with 4 wt% discontinuous (10 mm), randomly distributed UHMWPE fibers. An approximate 30% increase in composite strength and modulus was observed for poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)-grafted fibers in the terpolymer and polystyrene matrices. A comparable improvement was realized with the plasma-treated fibers. On the other hand, poly(butyl acrylate) grafts induced void formation, i.e. energy dissipation through plastic deformation and volume expansion at the fiber/matrix interface in terpolymer composites. The latter resulted in a 75% increase in the elongation to failure. The effect of polymer grafts on fiber/matrix adhesion is discussed in terms of the graft and matrix chain interactions and solubility, graft chain mobility, and fracture surface characteristics as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Ultradrawing properties of ultrahigh‐molecular weight polyethylene/functionalized carbon nanotube fibers and transmittance properties of their gel solutions

The influences of the dispersion level of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and functionalized CNTs on the transmittance properties of ultrahigh‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) gel solutions and on ultradrawing properties of their as‐prepared fibers are reported. The transmittance properties suggest that the dispersion level of functionalized CNTs in UHMWPE/functionalized CNTs gel solution is significantly better than plain CNTs in UHMWPE/CNTs gel solutions. The orientation factors, achievable draw ratios, tensile strength (σ_f), and modulus (E) values of UHMWPE/CNTs (F_xC_y) and UHMWPE/functionalized CNTs (F_xC_f‐y) as‐prepared fiber specimens reached a maximum value as their CNT and functionalized CNT contents approached optimum contents at 0.00015 and 0.0001 wt%, respectively. The σ_f and E values of both F_xC_0.0012 and F_xC_f‐0.001 series fiber specimens prepared at their optimum CNT and functionalized CNT contents reached another maximum as their UHMWPE approached optimum UHMWPE concentration of 1.7 wt%. Possible reasons accounting for these interesting properties are proposed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of stearic acid on the tensile properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers

For the purpose of the development of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers with improved tensile properties, the stearic acid (SA) was added to the gel spinning of UHMWPE and acted as a lubricant film. SA addition was intended to be 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt% of UHMWPE for forming the SA modified UHMWPE fibers. The tensile properties, thermal properties, crystallization properties, and orientation properties of the prepared UHMWPE fibers were systematically investigated. Results show that there is a more significant tensile property for UHMWPE fibers as SA addition is 0.6 wt%. Their tensile strength and tensile modulus reach 32.86 and 1580.89 cN/dtex, which are raised to an extent of 12.0% and 7.7%, respectively, compared with UHMWPE fibers alone. Moreover, the thermal properties, crystallization properties, and orientation properties of the prepared UHMWPE fibers are enhanced observably when the SA addition is 0.6 wt%.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面处理

本文简要介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的发展和性能，详细总结了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的低温等离子、接枝、电晕和辉光放电、氧化等多种表面处理方法，并进行了比较，阐述了目前研究的现状和今后的发展趋势。     

Wear properties of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane‐functionalized carbon nanotubes reinforced ultra high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is extensively used as a material in various high‐end applications with superior mechanical properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced UHMWPE (CNT/UHMWPE) nanocomposite is a promising material that can compensate for the weak durability of UHMWPE. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were oxidized and silanized using acid mixture and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively, to improve the interfacial strength between CNTs and UHMWPE. The CNT/UHMWPE nanocomposite was fabricated using these oxidized and silanized CNTs. The treatment effect of CNTs on the wear behavior of the CNT/UHMWPE nanocomposites was investigated through wear tests. The oxidization and silanization of CNTs were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the silane‐treated CNT/UHMWPE nanocomposites showed better dispersion and interfacial adhesion between UHMWPE and CNTs becaue of the newly formed functional groups on the CNTs. The friction coefficient and wear rate of silanized CNT/UHMWPE nanocomposite were also found to be lower than those of raw UHMWPE and oxidized CNT/UHMWPE nanocomposite. CNTs were functionalized using oxidation and silanization methods to improve the interfacial adhesion between CNTs and UHMWPE. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and tribological properties of short discontinuous UHMWPE fiber reinforced UHMWPE

The tribological properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene have generated new concern regarding the long-term clinical performance of total joint replacements. To extend the lifetime of artificial joints, it is necessary to decrease the wear rate of UHMWPE. One possible solution is the incorporation of UHMWPE fibers. Mixing of the two components was accomplished by swirling the UHMWPE powder and chopped UHMWPE fibers with compressed nitrogen. During this mixture procedure opposite surface charges will be generated on the UHMWPE powder and UHMWPE fiber. The electrostatic attraction could be responsible for the coherence of the two components, leading a composite with fairly uniformly distributed and randomly oriented fibers was obtained. With this method a fiber volume fraction up to 60 volume percent could be achieved. In this composite the matrix and fibers are of the same chemical nature. The inherent chemical compatibility of the composite components is likely to promote good bonding at the interface, through which a composite with excellent mechanical properties is made. The ultimate stress and modulus of the 60 volume percent composite show an improvement of 160 and 600 percent, respectively, in comparison with the neat UHMWPE. The wear rates were determined with a pin-on-roll apparatus with a nominal contact stress of 3 MPa at a sliding velocity of 0.24 m/s. The volumetric wear rate decreases with the incorporation of the UHMWPE fibers. Received: 28 November 1996/Revised: 20 January 1997/Accepted: 23 January 1997