进化博弈中交流系数的引入及分析

在传统的进化博弈理论中,假设博弈方与另外博弈方之间的交流是平等的,与其所选择的博弈策略无关。文中将此传统框架扩展,用各博弈方所选择的策略决定其之间的交流程度,即交流系数。交流系数的引入使得各博弈方之间的博弈速率不再是统一的,而是与其各自所选择的策略有关,从而使原本线性的适应度函数成为非线性函数,扩展了进化博弈理论的框架。     

基于进化博弈论的工业无线传感网能耗攻防研究

无线传感器节点由于部署、维护简单易行被广泛应用在工业网络中,并形成了工业无线传感器网络(Industrial Wireless Sensor Network,IWSN).针对在工业控制网络中的能量耗尽攻击的内部机理进行了详尽的分析,提出了基于进化博弈理论的能量耗尽攻防模型,将各个博弈方的收益函数定义为信誉值的函数,从而通过收益函数来约束博弈方的行为,并在理论上证明了该博弈的进化稳定策略的存在性.选取了策略选择概率作为算法的评价指标,设计并实施了大量仿真实验对算法进行验证.实验结果表明无论博弈双方的初始策略集概率分布如何,最终能达到有效防止能耗攻击的目的.     

基于stackelberg多步博弈的无人机协同搜索路径规划

考虑到现有无人机搜索问题研究中无人机、移动目标仅有一方具有远距离探测能力的设定，已经无法体现出战场环境下双方的博弈关系。针对这一不足，基于stackelberg均衡策略，结合多步预测的思想，提出了stackelberg多步博弈策略，实现了无人机、目标都具有远距离探测能力的博弈搜索。通过建立无人机、目标各自的路径收益函数，使双方能够根据不同时刻的博弈状态选择相对应的函数，实现无人机的动态路径规划。仿真结果表明所提出策略完全适用于该博弈模型，比贪婪策略具有更高的搜索效率，大大提高了目标捕获率。     

有限次重复囚徒博弈中的合作机制研究

模仿现实中人们的决策方式,提出类"触发策略"的策略思想,将原问题由双策略的多阶段博弈转换为多策略的一次性博弈,并建立起扩展的支付矩阵;然后运用进化博弈理论,将随机扰动引入复制子动态,从理论上说明有限次重复囚徒博弈之所以能够涌现合作是复制效应和变异效应共同作用的结果;最后通过建立多主体系统的仿真模型,进一步分析和验证了合作涌现的门限条件和稳定状态。     

基于互信息博弈的侧信道攻击安全风险评估

侧信道攻击的攻防过程可以视为互信息博弈过程,博弈的双方分别为密码设备设计者(防御方)和攻击者。 防御方的博弈目标是通过制定相关的防御策略,减少由侧信道泄漏所引发的局部风险和全局风险;对攻击方而言,其 博弈目标正好与之相反。从制定安全策略、降低安全风险的角度出发,将互信息博弈理论引入密码芯片设计者(防御 方)和攻击者的决策过程,考察攻防策略的选择对安全风险的影响,并结合互信息的量化方法,给出了 Nash均衡条件 下攻防双方的优化策略选择方法及Nash均衡下攻防双方的互信息收益。     

Cooperation mechanism in finite iterated prisoner's dilemma:revisit based on real-life decision making simulation

模仿现实中人们的决策方式,提出类“触发策略”的策略思想,将原问题由双策略的多阶段博弈转换为多策略的一次性博弈,并建立起扩展的支付矩阵；然后运用进化博弈理论,将随机扰动引入复制子动态,从理论上说明有限次重复囚徒博弈之所以能够涌现合作是复制效应和变异效应共同作用的结果；最后通过建立多主体系统的仿真模型,进一步分析和验证了合作涌现的门限条件和稳定状态.     

非完全信息下基于PPO-CFR的扩展式博弈决策

非完全信息下的人机对抗通常可以通过双人零和博弈模型加以描述,反事实后悔最小化(counterfactual regret minimization, CFR)是处理非完全信息双人零和博弈的一种流行算法.然而现有CFR及其变体算法在迭代过程中使用固定的后悔值计算和策略更新类型,在非完全信息扩展式博弈下表现各有优劣,泛化性能薄弱.针对这一问题,本文将强化学习近端策略优化(proximal policy optimization,PPO)算法与CFR算法相结合,提出一种PPO-CFR算法,通过训练出理性的智能体,从而实现CFR迭代过程后悔值计算和策略更新类型的自适应选择,以提高算法的泛化性能,并实现非完全信息扩展式博弈的策略优化.本文采用通用的扑克博弈实验验证所提算法,并制定逐步奖励函数训练智能体的动作策略,实验结果表明,与现有方法相比, PPO-CFR算法具有更好的泛化性能和更低的可利用度,迭代策略更为逼近纳什均衡策略.     

贝叶斯博弈多目标进化算法及其收敛性分析

多目标进化算法（MOEAs）主要依靠非支配解排序推动种群搜索Pareto前沿,在种群迭代搜索前期具有较好的全局寻优性能,但进化后期易出现收敛停滞现象,影响算法对于复杂优化问题的全局寻优能力。由此提出了一种基于静态贝叶斯博弈策略的多目标进化算法（SBG-MOEA）,将每个优化目标模拟为一个博弈参与者,以多次迭代中优化目标Pareto优化收敛程度映射为博弈收益,通过损益纳什均衡博弈机制驱动种群的Pareto寻优,理论分析证明了该方法具有全局收敛特性。基准测试函数的优化实验表明,与NSGA-II等经典算法相比,贝叶斯博弈策略有助于增强进化种群全局搜索能力。     

商业银行网络安全的三方博弈模型

为提高银行网络系统的安全性,提出关于银行网络的三方博弈模型,其主体包括黑客、系统管理员和银行决策层。通过分析3个博弈方的行为及其之间的相互联系,为系统管理员和银行决策层的策略选择提供依据。根据该三方博弈模型的特点,将其划分成一个子博弈模型并对其进行分析,得出精炼贝叶斯纳什均衡,使系统管理员和银行决策层达到最优的策略选取。     

基于博弈遗传算法的组合电路进化设计

为了有效提高组合逻辑电路进化设计的速度和效率,提出了一种基于博弈遗传算法的电路进化设计算法。将组合电路中的每个输出端作为博弈者,组成每个输出端的逻辑门之间的连接和组态作为策略,将电路优化问题转化为博弈优化决策问题,策略的选择通过遗传算法实现,从而建立了组合电路优化设计的博弈模型。最后通过仿真实验验证该算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。