HDDR法制备各向同性SmFeN永磁体的研究

研究了HDDR法制备各向同性Sm2Fe17Nx磁体的制备、结构与磁性能,发现SmFe铸态组织主要由Sm2Fe17、SmFe2、SmFe3和α-Fe四种相组成,而经过1050℃均匀化退火13h后形成了所需要的接近单相组织的Sm2Fe17相合金。铸锭经过粉碎球磨、HDDR、渗氮处理后,经压制成型得到各向同性的高矫顽力的Sm2Fe17Nx磁体。获得的磁体矫顽力达到了1300kA/m。     

双金属层状复合铸锭热处理研究

以复合铸造技术制备的4045/3003铝合金复合铸锭为研究对象,研究了均匀化温度和时间对界面处组织性能的影响。结果表明,经过均匀化退火后,共晶相熔断并球化,且在一定范围内,随着温度升高、时间增加,球化更完全,分布更均匀,但不能改变整体上共晶相的树枝状分布。均匀化后复合铸锭硬度和界面抗拉强度整体均略有提高。4045/3003铝合金复合铸锭最佳均匀化制度为560℃+12h。     

6005A铝合金均匀化热处理后的冷却工艺对其组织和性能的影响

采用DSC、金相显微组织、电导率等测试分析手段,研究了6005A铸锭均匀化热处理后不同的冷却工艺对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明:铸态合金中存在非平衡共晶相,合金成分分布不均匀,组织呈枝晶状;采用合适的均热工艺进行均匀化热处理后,非平衡共晶组织消失,枝晶偏析消除,成分分布均匀,最佳均匀化制度为560℃/8h。而铸锭的电导率随着均匀化热处理后冷却速度的增加逐渐降低。     

铝合金铸锭均匀化退火炉选型的工艺分析

铝合金铸锭均匀化效果会直接影响合金产品的最终性能。从铝合金变形加工工艺技术的角度,分析了均匀化退火炉选型及工艺参数对铸锭均匀化退火质量的影响。分析表明,均匀化退火炉选型主要有三个方面的要求：炉温均匀可靠、加热升温速率可控以及铸锭冷却强度均匀、冷却速度可调。     

半连续铸锭缺陷及其预防措施（续11）

5 铸锭的均匀化退火缺陷铸锭的均匀化退火(以下简称均火)是铸造车间的最后一道工序,有的工厂把它安排在加工车间.铸锭均火缺陷主要是均火过烧、均火不足和起泡.5.1 铸锭均火的目的和分类5.1.1 连续铸锭的显微组织特征直接水冷半连续铸造变形铝合金,由于强烈冷却引起不平衡结晶,铸锭显微组织存在着以下特点:(1)晶界和枝晶界存在不平衡共晶以含Cu4.2%左右的Al-Cu二元合金为例(图90).     

细化剂和冷却速率对Al-Mg-Mn合金凝固组织的影响

细化剂含量和冷却速率对凝固过程具有重要影响.分别加入不同含量的Al-3Ti-B晶粒细化剂,研究其对一种Al-Mg-Mn合金晶粒组织的影响.结果表明,随着晶粒细化剂含量的增加,晶粒愈加细小,在本实验范围内当细化剂含量为0.1%Ti时,组织最为均匀细小.采用连续测温的方法,测定了使用不同铸模时,铸锭的冷却速率,并分析了冷却速率对凝固组织的影响.与使用耐火材料铸模相比,使用石墨铸模时,铸锭的冷却速率提高1～2个数量级,铸态组织得到显著细化,平均晶粒尺寸由138μm细化到35μm.     

水冷铜模与砂模铸造M2钢显微组织对比

采用实验室25 kg高频真空感应炉熔炼M2钢,并用水冷铜模和砂模均浇铸为横截面100 mm×50 mm的M2钢铸锭,研究冷却速度对M2钢二次枝晶间距、渗透率、碳化物和晶粒尺寸及分布的影响.研究结果表明:M2钢凝固过程中,快的冷却速度能有效减小二次枝晶间距、渗透率、晶粒和网状碳化物的尺寸,同时可以改善晶粒和网状碳化物的分布和均匀性;砂模和水冷铜模M2钢铸锭的平均二次枝晶间距分别为42.5μm和21.6μm,平均冷却速度为1.06 K·s-1和12.50 K·s-1,平均渗透率分别为0.13μm2和0.035μm2.快的冷却速度能有效减轻中心碳偏析程度,砂模和水冷铜模模铸的M2钢铸锭中心碳化物面积分数分别为0.46和0.30,且其较各自的平均值分别增大38.7%和2.2%;水冷铜模铸锭平均晶粒尺寸（43.1μm）较砂模铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸（72.6μm）减小约40.7%,铸锭中心晶粒尺寸减小43.2%,且水冷铜模铸锭的晶粒尺寸较砂模铸锭均匀.文中获得了M2钢凝固过程中晶粒尺寸与冷却速度的关系式.      

冷却速度对Al-Si-Cu溅射靶材凝固组织的影响

采用宏观腐蚀、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观察,研究在不同冷却速度下凝固的Al-1%Si-0.5%Cu(质量分数,下同)合金的宏观和微观组织.实验结果表明,冷却速度对Al-Si-Cu合金的凝固组织有显著影响.随着冷却速度增大,Al-Si-Cu合金凝固组织的晶粒形状和尺寸以及第二相的大小、形貌和分布都发生明显的变化:炉冷试样晶粒为粗大树枝晶状,第二相呈带状富集在晶界处,宽度达15 μm;铁模和铜模铸造试样具有典型铸锭组织,大部分第二相呈不到3 μm宽的线状富集在晶界处,但铜模铸造试样的柱状晶区较窄,且晶粒较细小;水冷铜模铸造试样几乎完全为细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸小而均匀,第二相呈直径约3 μm的细小点状弥散分布在α-Al基体中,可得到成分和结构都较均匀的靶材.     

GH586合金铸锭均匀化处理的试验研究

GH586合金由于合金化程度高,特别是W、Mo、Ti等元素含量较高,铸锭成分偏析严重,组织不均匀,以致合金的变形抗力大,热加工塑性差,锻造成形困难.对GH586合金铸锭均匀化处理前后的微区成分、晶间组织、热塑性进行了综合研究和分析,结果表明该合金铸锭经1200℃高温长时间均匀化处理后显著降低合金元素的枝晶偏析程度,同时随着均匀化时间的延长,晶间碳化物逐渐细化、球化、趋向于均匀弥散分布,从而大幅度提高了合金铸锭的热加工塑性.     

NdFeB磁体的烧结过程研究

研究了在真空和氩气中烧结对NdFeB磁体磁性能和微观组织的影响.结果发现:经真空烧结的磁体磁性能有较大的个体差异,而在氩气中烧结的磁体磁性能则基本均匀一致,与前者相比,其剩磁平均值高0.05～0.09 T,内禀矫顽力要高1.6 MA/m左右,磁能积约高40 kJ/m3.SEM照片显示,在氩气气氛中烧结的磁体的微观组织更加均匀,而经真空烧结的磁体则有较多的缺陷.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.