Contribution to the study of avocado honeys by their mineral contents using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Avocado honey samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric. First, the botanical origin of the honeys was confirmed by melissopalynological analysis. Twenty-four minerals were quantified for each honey sample. The elements Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si and Zn were detected in all samples; seven elements were very abundant (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Si), six were not abundant (Al, Cu, Fe, Li and Zn) and 11 were trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr and V).     

Minor and trace elements in different honey types produced in Siena County (Italy)

The concentrations of 23 chemical elements (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, U, Zn) were determined in 51 honey samples of different botanical origin produced in Siena County (Italy). K, Ca, Na and Mg were the most abundant elements, with mean contents of 1195, 257, 96.6 and 56.7 mg/kg, respectively. The Fe, Zn and Sr contents generally ranged from 1 to 5 mg/kg. Except for Ba, Cu, Mn and Ni, the trace element contents were below 100 μg/kg. The analytical data indicated a good level of quality of the honeys, especially with regard to the concentrations of toxic trace elements, such as As, Cd, Pb and Sb, and suggested a significant influence of the botanical origin on the element composition. Some local geological and geochemical features also seemed to affect the chemistry of the honey.     

ICP-AES法测定水产品贝壳肉中16种金属元素

利用ICP-AES法测定钱塘江近海水域水产品贝壳肉中Al、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Se、Sb、Sn、V 、Zn、Cd、As、Pb、Hg十六种金属元素含量。结果表明:所采样品金属元素含量丰富,对铅、铝的吸附量相对较高,部分样品金属元素含量相对偏高,不宜多食。ICP-AES法具有检测灵敏度高、回收率好、快速、简便等好的检测效果。     

元素含量分析应用于进口四产区香米产地鉴别

利用元素分析建立四个产地香米的鉴别方法。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和电感耦合等离子体光谱法对来自泰国、越南、柬埔寨、巴基斯坦四个地区的220份香米进行包括钙、铁、钾、镁、锌、硼、铝、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、砷、锶、硒、镉、铯、钡、铅19种元素在内的含量分析。通过判别分析建立判别模型。判别模型自校验交叉校验准确率100%,拥有极高的准确率。     

百香果中矿物元素分析

采用高压密封硝化罐消解样品,应用ICP-AES 法测定百香果果汁、果皮、种仁中20 种矿物元素 (Na、K 、C a 、Mg、Z n 、F e 、S r 、Cu 、Co 、Mn、Ge 、S e 、S n 、B a 、A l 、P b 、Hg、As 、C r 、Cd) 的含量,设计正交试验方案,通过方差分析选择最佳的试验操作条件,其回收率在95.0%～104.0% 之间,相对标准偏差小于2.15%。实验结果表明：百香果果汁、果皮、种仁中均含有丰富的Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Ge等对人体有益的矿物元素,而对人体有害的元素均未检出,营养价值高,极具开发价值。     

Element fractionation analysis for infant formula and food additives by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Fractionation analyses are essential to investigate the effects of dietary constituents on bioavailability of elements. A sequential separation procedure has been applied for elemental fractionation patterns in infant formula, coffee cream, milk powder, whey powder and rice flour. The protein, lipid and serum fractions were separated successfully, and fractions were analysed for various essential (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg, Ca, Cr and Co) and nonessential (Ni, V, Al, Mo, Pb, Sn, Ba and Cd) elements by ICP‐OES. Basically, three main fractions namely protein, lipid and serum were separated. Organically bounded fraction was calculated from the sum of the element contents in protein and lipid fractions. The organically bounded fraction can be retained longer in the body than the other fractions, and its percentages of whole elements are between 3.8% and 92.2% in the samples. Additionally, the distribution tendency of each studied metal was variable, which is based on the sample characteristics and complexation reactivity of the metal. The organically bounded fraction for Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn is higher than the other elements in whole samples except whey powder. Investigated elements are basically included in ionic forms in whey powder. Additionally, Mg and Ca are usually observed as uncomplexed structures in the samples.     

浓香型白酒蒸馏过程中金属元素的迁移变化规律

利用微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱检测的方法测定泸州老窖浓香型白酒蒸馏过程中,蒸馏前后的酒糟、底锅水及所得的酒样样品中Na、K、As、Pb、Cd、Sn、Ti、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ca、Al、Ni、Cr和Ba 17 种金属元素的含量,并借助SPSS统计学软件采用t检验分析酒体中对应元素的来源。结果表明,蒸馏之后超过94%的金属元素仍保留在糟醅中,不到6%的金属元素转移至白酒及底锅水中。Pb、Mn、Cr等重金属元素的转移率显著低于Na、K、Ca和Mg等矿质元素,有效减少了酒中Pb、Mn、Cr等重金属的超标几率。酒样中的Ca、Cu、K、Mg、Na、Zn和Ba等元素主要来源于糟醅,而蒸馏使用的设备则会引入Fe、Ni、Al、Sn元素,Pb和Cr等有害重金属。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定江西脐橙中多种微量元素

采用硝酸-高氯酸对江西赣南8个县所产的脐橙样品进行消解,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定试样中Al、As、Ba、B、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、P、Pb、Zn、Be、Cd、Se、Sr、La、Ce、Y、Sm、Lu等元素的含量。该法的相对标准偏差为0.42%～4.51%,加标回收率为87.7%～114.1%。实验结果表明:脐橙中含有丰富的K、Ca、P和Mg,不同县所产的脐橙各种微量元素含量存在一定差异。     

金属元素在汾酒中的作用及应用研究

采用火焰原子吸收法测Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Li、Pb、Cd 和Cr 含量;石墨炉原子吸收法测Mo、Sr、Ba、Co、Ti、Al 和Sn 含量;原子荧光光度法测Hg、As、Se 和Sb 含量,对汾酒不同生产用水、不同贮存容器所贮新酒中24 种金属元素进行了定量分析,并初步探讨了酒中金属元素的作用机制。结果显示,汾酒中金属元素的种类和含量与生产用水及贮存容器的使用密切相关,因此用不同的水源和容器,酒中金属元素的种类和含量不同,从而影响汾酒的口感和老熟。在此基础上,对汾酒生产中合理使用水源和容器也做出了科学合理的指导。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定砂糖中31种微量元素

利用微波消化－电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）同时测定了白砂糖和赤砂糖中３１种微量元素。白砂糖中检测出２３种,赤砂糖中检出２７种。结果表明,Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｋ,Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ,Ｃｕ等６种元素在赤砂糖中含量比在白砂糖中含量高出４￣４００倍。Ｌｉ,Ｂａ,Ｎａ,Ｐ,Ａｌ,Ｖ,Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ,Ｚｎ,Ｇａ,Ｓｒ,Ａｇ,Ｓｎ,Ｓｈ,Ｂａ,Ｈｇ,Ｐｂ等１７种元素在白砂糖和赤砂糖中的含量无显著差别。本方法具有前处理简单     

Variation in essential,trace and toxic elemental contents in Murraya koenigii – A spice and medicinal herb from different Indian states

Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii), collected from 19 different Indian states, were analyzed for six minor (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na and P) and 20 trace (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, V and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In addition, Ni, Cd and Pb were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Most elements vary over a wide range, depending on geo-environmental factors and local soil characteristics. Fe, Mn, Na, K, Rb, Se and P vary by a factor of 3–5 whereas Br, Cs, Sc, Th and Zn vary by an order of magnitude. Leaves collected from the southern zone were enriched in K, Mg, Mn, Cl and P but depleted in Se. However, leaves from the northern zone were particularly enriched in Ca whereas those from the western zone were enriched in Zn. Concentrations of most elements from the eastern zone were on par with the mean values. Cr, Fe, Cu, V and Zn are known to play an important role in the maintenance of normoglycemia by activating β-cells of pancreas. Percent contributions of diabetically important elements from curry leaves were 1–2% of daily dietary intake (DDI) but are likely to be in bioavailable form thus making them effective for treatment of diabetes. Rb and Cs are linearly correlated (r = 0.93) as their salts enhance the absorption of insulin in the lower respiratory tract by breakdown of glucose. Inorganic elements may remain complexed with organic ligands.     

Concentrations and bioconcentration factors of minerals in yellow-cracking bolete (xerocomus subtomentosus) mushroom collected in noteć forest, poland

Abstract: Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil were collected from Note? Forest–a large forested enclave in western part of Poland. Mercury was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy and the other elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. K, P, and Mg were particularly abundant, with mean values of 46000, 8400, and 1100 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in caps followed by Na, Rb, Zn, and Ca with mean concentrations of 580, 350, 200, and 170 mg/kg dw, respectively. In descending order, the mean concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were 52, 49, 46, and 14 mg/kg dw, while the mean for the remaining elements was around 1.0 mg/kg dw or less. The elements such as Ca, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Ni were accumulated (with bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1), while Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, Co, Cr, and Pb were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The Pb and Cd content did not exceed the maximum levels set by the EU for cultivated mushrooms. Mercury in a conventional meal (300 g) portion of Yellow‐cracking Bolete was far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake of 0.004 mg/kg body weight (bw) as reevaluated recently by WHO. Practical Application: The method presented in this study allows one to determine the content of 20 elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn) in caps and stipes of Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil samples collected from Poland. This study has revealed that the total Cd, Hg, and Pb dose provided to human body due to consumption of Yellow‐cracking Bolete does not pose threat to a consumer's health.     

ICP-MS法同时测定辣木籽中22种无机元素及主成分分析和聚类分析

目的:建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定辣木籽中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb 22种无机元素,确定辣木籽中无机元素的含量及其分布特征。方法:采集红河州元阳、红河州红河、红河州开远、楚雄州元谋、德宏州芒市、楚雄州双柏、昭通市巧家、昆明市东川、玉溪市元江、丽江市华坪10个产地样品,经微波消解,采用ICP-MS测定上述元素,从元素组学的角度建立无机元素指纹图谱,并用SPSS聚类分析和主成分分析评价其特征元素。结果:各元素线性关系良好（r>0.999）,检测限0.04~78.44 μg/L,精密度符合规定（RSD<5%）,各元素加样回收率80.13%~113.66%（RSD<10%）;不同产地的辣木籽中均含有较丰富的对人体有益的无机元素,较低的有害元素;主成分分析选出4个主因子,得出特征无机元素为Zn、Ca、Cu、Fe、Cr、Ba、Al;聚类分析聚为二大类,说明无机元素的含量与环境、地域等因素具有相关性。结论:ICP-MS法可用于辣木籽22种无机元素的测定,主成分分析法和聚类分析法可对辣木籽的品质进行评价,为辣木籽的开发利用提供研究基础。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定蜂蜜中的微量元素

建立了用带八极杆碰撞/反应池的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ORS-ICP-MS)测定蜂蜜中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Ba、Hg、Pb等18种微量元素的方法。样品用HNO3+H2O2分解后,试液直接用ORS-ICP-MS法同时上述微量元素。采用八极杆碰撞/反应池技术,在池内引入惰性气体氦气或氢气,有效地消除了多原子离子对待测元素的干扰,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,各元素的检出限在1.05～73.45ng/L之间,加标回收率在92.2%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.73%。     

Simultaneous application of dissolution/precipitation and surface complexation/surface precipitation modeling to contaminant leaching

This paper discusses the modeling of anion and cation leaching from complex matrixes such as weathered steel slag. The novelty of the method is its simultaneous application of the theoretical models for solubility, competitive sorption, and surface precipitation phenomena to a complex system. Selective chemical extractions, pH dependent leaching experiments, and geochemical modeling were used to investigate the thermodynamic equilibrium of 12 ions (As, Ca, Cr, Ba, SO4, Mg, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, V, and Zn) with aqueous complexes, soluble solids, and sorptive surfaces in the presence of 12 background analytes (Al, Cl, Co, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Hg, NO3, CO3, and Ba). Modeling results show that surface complexation and surface precipitation reactions limit the aqueous concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb in an environment where Ca, Mg, Si, and CO3 dissolve from soluble solids and compete for sorption sites. The leaching of SO4, Cr, As, Si, Ca, and Mg appears to be controlled by corresponding soluble solids.     

Minerals content in Basilicata region (southern Italy) honeys from areas with different anthropic impact

The aim of this study was to examine the minerals content (toxic elements, macro-elements and trace elements) of Basilicata region (southern Italy) honeys and compare the mineral profile of honeys classified as rural, industrial and urban according to anthropic characteristics of geographical origin. Overall, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn and Mn were the most abundant elements detected in honeys, with average contents exceeding 1 ppm, whereas heavy metals content was lower than the maximum limit established for honey. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among honeys as function of anthropic characteristics of geographical origin, with the exception for Se, Co and Ag content. Industrial honeys were characterised by the highest Zn, Cr, Sn, Cd and Pb content, urban honeys showed the highest As, Fe, Ni, Mn, Na, Mg and Ca content, whereas rural honeys showed the highest Cu, Al and Ba content (P < 0.05). The findings of this study highlighted that honeys mineral profile is closely related to different content of elements in environment, which is affected by anthropogenic activities.     

Elemental Content and Total Antioxidant Activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia fruticosa</Emphasis>

The determination of 18 elements (V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn, Fe, Mg and Zn) in leaves, flowers and the infusion from Salvia fruticosa, a sage grown in Greece, is described. For this purpose, flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been used for the determination of Fe, Mg, Zn and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has been used for the determination of V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn using ⁴⁵Sc ⁷²Ge, ¹¹⁵In and ²³²Th as internal standards. The elemental content was found to be in the range of 0.01 (Bi)-30.8 (Mn) mg/Kg (leaves), 0.30 (Bi)-39.1 (Mn) mg/Kg (flowers), 0.003 (Sb)-20.4 (Mn) mg/Kg (infusion) for V, Cr, Cu, Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Mn and in the range of 0.07 (Zn)-3.21 (Mg) g/kg (leaves) for Fe, Mg and Zn. The majority of the samples were collected from six sites in the island Crete and transplanted and grown in a model farm. Chemometric techniques were used to investigate the original site classification according to their elemental content, and it was proved that the initial cultivation sites were characterized by only five elements (Sb, V, Zn, Cd and Cr). The application of factor analysis revealed significant correlation between certain elements, denoting their common sources. In addition, the total antioxidant activity of the herbal preparation was determined by measuring the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract total antioxidants and the effect of temperature, time and solvent in the extraction efficiency was investigated. The determination of the antioxidant activity was based on the % inhibition of the absorbance signal of the radical DPPH at 515 nm, after the addition of herbal’s extract. The IC₅₀ values were found to be in the range of 10.6–40.1 mg/L.     

Monitoring the Authenticity of Organic Grape Juice via Chemometric Analysis of Elemental Data

Elemental determination was carried out on 36 grape juice samples (19 organic and 17 ordinary), with the goal of identifying significant differences between the two types of juice for classification purposes. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used for the determination of 24 elements, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, and Zn. Ba, Ce, La, Mg, P, Pb, Rb, Sn, and Ti concentrations were found to be higher in organic versus ordinary samples, while Na and Va concentrations were higher in ordinary versus organic samples. The remaining investigated elements exhibited statistically equivalent concentration levels in both types of samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) statistical techniques of the elemental fingerprints were readily able to discriminate organic from ordinary samples and can be used as alternative methods for adulteration evaluation.     

广东省市售干食用菌中元素含量分析与质量安全评价

目的：检测广东省市售18种干食用菌的26种元素含量并进行质量安全和健康风险评测。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测广东省市售18种干食用菌中Li、Be、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb等26种元素含量,并利用内梅罗综合污染指数评价法和靶标危害系数法对干食用菌质量安全等级及膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果：26种元素含量差异较大,其中K、Mg、Ca、Na、Al、Fe 6种元素含量较高,均大于100 mg/kg,Li、Be、Cr、Ni、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Hg、Tl、Pb等元素含量较低,均小于1 mg/kg;大部分重金属含量均低于国家标准中安全限量值,铅、镉、汞、砷、铬的超标率分别为0.00%、11.12%、5.56%、2.78%、1.86%。干食用菌重金属内梅罗综合污染指数表明,红菇、牛肝菌均达到中度污染等级,姬松茸、羊肚菌、竹荪均达到轻度污染等级,榛蘑达到警戒等级,其余12种干食用菌均属于安全级别。重金属膳食暴露...     

Toxic and nutrient elements in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Toxic and nutrient elements were investigated in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) from South America. Fifty-four brands of commercialised yerba mate from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay were analysed for Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, La, Ce, Pb, Bi and U using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Antimony, Se, Ag and Bi were not detected in any sample whereas the limits of detection (LODs) of these elements were 0.19, 0.40, 0.003 and 0.001 μg g^?1, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Ti, Ni, As, Mo, U, Li and Be in yerba mate were not statistically different with regard to the country of origin, while those of the other investigated elements differed.