浅析高速公路过湿土处治技术

针对过湿土含水量大,强度和稳定性低的特点,介绍了过湿土的一些处治技术和评价处治效果的方法,探讨了过湿土施工的合理对策,以使过湿土的性质满足路基填料强度及稳定性要求。     

过湿黏土施工探讨

根据一些经验数据,对过湿黏土进行了划分,通过力学试验分析了过湿黏土的工程特性,并阐述了过湿黏土的施工特性,提出了过湿黏土路基施工采取的技术对策,从而达到提高路基的水稳定性和承载力的目的。     

过湿黄土路基施工对策

在阐释过湿黄土基本概念的基础上,分析了过湿黄土的变形特性,提出了过湿黄土路基施工处治和病害防治措施,指出在公路建设之前,必须做好充分的勘探试验,准确了解地质情况,从而为在路基施工中有效地解决过湿黄土存在的问题提供了科学依据。     

掺加外加剂改良过湿土的含水量损失及击实试验

对雅安地区过湿土样的物理力学性能进行了室内试验分析,通过掺加石灰、水泥及EN-1土壤固化剂改良过湿土,进行了改良土含水量损失及击实试验研究,以确定掺加不同外加剂、不同配合比的改良土的最优含水量,为掺加外加剂过湿土改良技术的后续研究奠定了基础。     

冻融循环作用下原状过湿土的抗剪强度试验

为了研究季冻地区过湿土的抗剪强度特性,利用青冈过湿土路基段原状土进行抗剪强度试验,分析了不同含水量对过湿土的抗剪强度影响,重点研究了冻融循环作用下过湿土抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明:不同含水量的过湿土应力应变曲线均趋于硬化型,含水量越大,过湿土的抗剪强度越小,相应的内摩擦角和黏聚力也越小;同未冻融土相比,经冻融循环的过湿土黏聚力显著增加,内摩擦角减小;相同含水量的过湿土经冻融循环的次数越多,融化后土的抗剪强度越大,而且随着冻融次数的增多,黏聚力开始下降,内摩擦角显著增大。     

过湿土处治的现场试验研究

以过湿土为研究对象,通过现场试验来验证过湿土改良技术中掺灰法在施工现场提高过湿土填料性能的效果及可行性;研究潮湿多雨地区过湿填料填筑利用的施工技术,确定施工参数,初步总结施工工艺、质量控制方法和质量控制标准。结果表明:掺灰法可以有效提高过湿土填料的性能;实际施工中,应该注意外掺剂与过湿填料应保证充分的拌合;该方法处理粘性粉质砂土时同样适用。     

稳定过湿土作路基填料的试验研究

将HAS土壤固化剂按3%、4%的比例掺入过湿土,并测试了稳定土的击实、CBR、无侧限抗压强度等力学指标。结果表明,稳定后的过湿土,其力学性能完全达到路基填料的要求,此外结合XRD分析,对HAS固化剂稳定过湿土的化学机理进行探讨。     

公路路基施工中过湿土的施工措施分析

公路路基施工难免受到一些因素的影响,包括工期、天气的限制等,由于工期的限制,就有可能采取过湿土填筑路基,但是过湿土填筑路基严重影响到施工的质量问题,因此,本文将探讨公路路基施工中过湿土的施工措施,介绍处理过湿土的办法及其注意事项。     

过湿土处理措施在市政道路路基施工中的分析

在市政道路施工中会遇到一些复杂的地形,在各种地形中过湿土就是施工中的重点难点。过湿土在路基施工中十分不好处理,在路基施工中遇到的过湿土主要是一些高液粘土。这类土壤不易晒干、不易粉碎、不易夯实,在市政道路路基施工中遇到有过湿土一定要妥善进行处理确保工程质量。     

掺加不同外加剂改良过湿土的物理力学试验研究

选取极具代表性的雅安地区过湿土为研究对象,对掺加不同外加剂改良过湿土后的物理力学性质进行了试验研究,并通过试验结果对改良效果进行了对比,确定了适合于改良雅安地区过湿土的最佳外加剂及其掺量,为同类技术的应用提供了依据及参考。     

Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality

Great investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safety factors may prevent consequences of under-maintenance; and requiring regular inspection may help to enforce sufficient maintenance.     

City in transition: Podgorica,Europe's youngest capital city

Podgorica, known as the “city under the mountain,” rests at the intersection of five riversand is Europe's youngest capital. Over a 2000-year-long history, Podgorica has experienced turbu-lence. The city has suffered conquests, wars, nearly complete destruction in WWII, associated with war-related conflicts in the 1990s, and gained its independence at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, Podgorica is a vibrant, dynamic, and rapidly growing city, with current developments that reflect the consequences of post-socialist economic, institutional, social, and cultural transition. In this case study, the development of the built environment of Podgorica is presented in six stages: Roman, Ottoman, Principality of Montenegro and Kingdom of Yugoslavia, socialist, transitional, and contemporary. The study shows the influence of each period in the development of the city and highlights two major challenges of present-day architecture, that is, growing into a modern-day metropolis and the challenge of juxtaposing contemporary Podgorica with Titograd and old Podgorica.     

Comparison of photocatalysis and photolysis of malathion, isomalathion, malaoxon, and commercial malathion--products and toxicity studies

Malathion, one of the most widely applied insecticides, is still used in agriculture. There are many studies regarding its degradation under different experimental conditions, but few deal with its transformation products, i.e. malaoxon and isomalathion. Thus, malathion, malaoxon, isomalathion, and Radotion (one of its over 6000 commercial forms) were studied in terms of their degradation kinetics, identification of their transformation products, their toxicity, and their degree of mineralization, during UV photolysis (lambda = 254 nm) and TiO(2) photocatalysis (lambda = 355 nm). The degradation kinetics was similar for all four starting materials. More than 75% of theoretically expected sulfur in PS and P-S groups was oxidized after 240 min of photolysis and photocatalysis. On the other hand, less than 30% of stoichiometrically predicted amounts of phosphate was detected in the photolytic experiments, but more than 80% of expected phosphate was detected after photocatalytic treatment of all four organophosphorous materials. Several transformation products were identified by mass spectra of representative gas chromatographic peaks. Oxidation and isomerization were found as the main reactions of butenedioc acid diethyl esters and their analogs. The formation of malaoxon, isomalathion or trimethyl phosphate esters correlated well with the induced toxicity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase), which was observed in photocatalysis of malathion and Radotion, and in photolysis of malaoxon and Radotion.     

Global Challenges,Local Solutions: The City as an Ecosystem of Events

In a time of global challenges, cities are critical not only as vehicles for progress, but also as centers of diversity and resilience. Confronted with intensifying climates, and social, ecological, and economic issues, McGregor Coxall focuses on the stories people tell in making their cities. Our projects accept and challenge these stories which underpin city-making: the engine of economic progress, the marketplace of cultural production, and the myth of our separation from “nature.” The success of contemporary city is built on a paradoxical relationship with two pressures: global development and environmental impacts. To address these crises, McGregor Coxall works at two scales, simultaneously, on all of our projects: in the large-scale realm of regional economic development and ecosystemic operations, and at the scale of the person, the street, and the neighbourhood. The systemic understanding provides the contextual basis by which projects perform, economically and environmentally, while our understanding of communities makes each project a genuine product of its time, place, and culture.     

广州人民公园使用状况评价报告

从使用者的角度出发,采用相关文献收集、现场观察、绘制草图、分析功能分区、收集管理部门的信息、记录使用者的活动和痕迹、对典型使用者进行访谈、数据整理等方法,对人民公园的使用做出系统评价,包括位置、尺度、视觉、使用和活动、微气候、入口和边界、交通、种植材料、场地家具等,从中归纳总结出广州人民公园改建使用后的状况.并在分析使用状况的基础上找出公园存在的问题和矛盾,就每个问题提出适当的设计或管理的改进意见并提交意向设计方案.     

Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing

A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80% of U.S. housing stock is used to generate frequency distributions of residential infiltration rates. The set of homes is based on an analysis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption Survey, which documents numerous housing characteristics including type, floor area, number of rooms, type of heating system, foundation type, and year of construction. The infiltration rate distributions are developed using the multizone network airflow model, CONTAM (CONTAMW 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251. National Institute of Standards and Technology.). In this work, 19 cities are selected to represent U.S. climatic conditions, and CONTAM simulations are performed for each of the 209 houses in these cities to calculate building air change rates for each hour over a year. Frequency distributions are then developed and presented nationally as well as based on house type and region. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: These distributions will support indoor air quality, exposure, and energy analyses based on a truly representative collection of U.S. homes, which has previously not been possible. In addition, the methodology employed can be extended to other countries and other collections of buildings. For U.S.-specific analyses, these homes and their models, can be extended to include occupants, contaminant sources, and other building features to allow a wide range of studies to address other ventilation and indoor air quality issues.     

经典重温：贝聿铭大师建筑创作思想浅析——以苏州博物馆新馆为例

通过丰富的图例,从场所精神、创新、细节等方面对贝聿铭先生设计的苏州博物馆新馆各阶段设计成果的对比分析,结合相关的文字资料,探究了先生的创作思想和历程,并结合建筑建成后的实际效果,从布局、空间、造型、园林等方面分析作品,分享大师成熟的设计思想和高超的设计技巧。     

Aspects of rock permeability

Effective evaluation of rock permeability is required in different energy, engineering and environmental projects. Although much research has been conducted on rock permeability, it is still one of the most difficult tasks for practicing rock engineers to accurately determine rock permeability. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper outlines the key aspects of rock permeability by presenting the representative values of the permeability of different rocks, describing the empirical and semi-empirical correlations for estimating the permeability of rocks, and discussing the main factors affecting the permeability of rocks. The factors discussed include stress, depth, temperature, and discontinuity intensity and aperture. This paper also highlights the scale effect on rock permeability, interconnectivity of discontinuities, and anisotropy of rock permeability. This paper provides the fundamental and essential information required for effective evaluation of rock permeability.     

Privacy,modesty, hospitality,and the design of Muslim homes: A literature review

Traditional Islamic teachings and traditions involve guidelines that have direct applications in the domestic sphere. The principles of privacy, modesty, and hospitality are central to these guidelines; each principle has a significant effect on the design of Muslim homes, as well as on the organization of space and domestic behaviors within each home. This paper reviews literature on the privacy, modesty, and hospitality within Muslim homes. Nineteen publications from 1986 to 2013 were selected and analyzed for content related to the meaning of privacy, modesty, and hospitality in Islam and the design of Muslim homes. Despite the commonly shared guidelines for observing privacy, modesty, and hospitality within each home, Muslims living in different countries are influenced by cultural factors that operate within their country of residence. These factors help to shape the architectural styles and use of space within Muslim homes in different ways. Awareness of the multifactorial nature of the influences on the Muslim perception of home and the use of space is necessary for architects, building designers, engineers, and builders to be properly equipped to meet the needs of clients.     

现代城市纪念馆设计之研究——以湖州烈士陵园暨钱壮飞纪念馆为例

近二十年来,随着我国国力的迅猛发展,各类纪念馆的兴建若群星闪耀,如名人纪念馆、历史事件纪念馆、文化遗产纪念馆、工业产品纪念馆等。其中名人纪念馆无论是在数量上、质量上、还是规模上,都占有着不可或缺的重要地位。其设计方法直接关系到纪念馆的精神表达、与时俱进、感悟主题、大众记忆的传承、续语、转化和拓展。作者力求从城市设计的角度,多方位地探寻现代城市纪念馆设计的方法与途径。