CaCO3-SiO2添加对MnZn铁氧体物相及性能的影响

采用氧化物陶瓷工艺制备了Mn0.7Zn0.24Fe2.06O4铁氧体.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、B-H分析仪分别表征了CaCO3-SiO2添加对MnZn铁氧体物相、微结构和磁性能的影响.结果表明,添加于MnZn铁氧体的CaCO3-SiO2主要富集于晶界,且生成另相Ca2ZnSi2O7.随着CaCO3-SiO2含量的增加...     

铅酸蓄电池板栅用铅合金中锑与锡

研究了锑和锡加入铅合金后对铅基合金的影响,并对腐蚀钝化阻挡层形成过程的工作原理进行对比分析,讨论了锑和锡在钝化层中的存在形式和位置.铅锑和铅锡合金板栅表面钝化层由Pb、铅氧化物、PbSO4、锑氧化物或锡氧化物构成.锑在腐蚀钝化层中以复杂氧化物PbSb2O6的形式存在;锡在钝化层中的存在形式有Sn(Ⅱ)氧化物SnO和Sn(Ⅳ)氧化物SnO2;此外,Sn还可以Sn(Ⅲ)、Sn(Ⅳ)形式嵌入到PbO/PbOx和PbOx晶格中.Sn在钝化层中既可以沉积在氧化物晶界位置,同时又能渗入到晶格内部.     

Ca~(2+)取代对SrCaLaCo铁氧体的微结构和磁特性的影响

用普通陶瓷工艺制备了分子式为Sr_(0.62-x)La_(0.38)Ca_xCo_(0.24)Fe_(0.14)~(2+)Fe_(11.62-σ)~(3+)O_(19)(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,缺铁量d=1.36)的SrCaLaCo铁氧体,研究了Ca~(2+)取代对材料微结构和磁特性的影响。实验表明,Ca~(2+)不仅进入晶格参与形成M型的六角铁氧体,而且还存在于晶界中影响晶粒的生长。当x=0.4时,预烧样品在1240℃时可形成单一的M相,比饱和磁化强度(σ_s)和矫顽力(H_(cj))达到最大,分别为69.3A×m~2/kg和334k A/m(4329Oe)。当烧结温度为1170℃×1h时,烧结样品获得最佳性能:剩余磁化强度B_r=445m T,矫顽力H_(cj)=420k A/m。     

MH-Ni电池中电极材料β-Ni(OH)_2添加剂的效应

研究了不同正极添加剂对MH-Ni电池正负极材料微结构参数:晶粒大小D、微应ε和错几率f以及充放电容量和循环性能的影响.研究发现微结构的变化与循环性能有良好的对应关系,进而阐明了添加剂的作用.其要点是:CaF2和Lu2O3对循环过程中正极微结构的变化和负极中新相A(OH)3和B相析出起钝化作用,而Y2O3和CaCO3不起钝化作用,只起一定的催化作用,同时消耗电解液,使电池干涸、内阻增加,故CaF2和Lu2O3是提高电池性能的添加剂,而Y2O3和CaCO3起恶化电池性能的作用.     

锂电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2掺杂改性研究进展

层状结构的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料具有性能优异,环境污染小,毒性低以及高温稳定性好等优点,但其结构中阳离子混排现象以及结构的稳定性严重制约了其循环性能,其中一种很有效的方法就是在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的晶格中掺杂各种离子,促进Li+扩散以及提高该材料的循环性能。综述了Mg、Al、Cr、F等阴阳离子掺杂以及阴阳离子复合掺杂对于LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料在结构、形貌、放电性能等方面的影响,重点突出了元素掺杂手段对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构中Ni2+/Li+阳离子混排、结构稳定性、充放电效率以及循环性能方面的改善,并对此类掺杂改性手段进行总结及展望。     

稳定氧化锆固体电解质研究进展

稳定氧化锆作为固体氧化物燃料电池的电解质是最好的可用材料,介绍了这方面的研究进展,包括:纳米粉的制备,火花等离子体烧结法获得亚微米晶粒结构的高强度陶瓷,二次烧结前体清除法改善晶界的电导率和一个准三元系稳定的5% In2O3-8%Y2O3-ZrO2(式中均为摩尔百分数)。与准二元系稳定的8%Y2O3-ZrO2相比,该稳定氧化锆具有周期性晶格畸变大的各向异性和在实用温度范围不随老化松弛各向异性的特征,保证固体氧化物燃料电池工作时有稳定的和高的电效率。     

(1-x)(Ni0.4Zn0.6)Fe2O4+x(Ni0.8Zn0.2)O铁氧体的微观结构与电磁特性

对(1-x)(Ni0.4Zn0.6)Fe2O4+x(Ni0.8Zn0.2)O铁氧体的X射线衍射、体积密度、直流体电阻率、磁导率温度谱和频率谱等测试数据进行比较分析发现:当x≤0.05时,铁氧体为单纯的尖晶石相,尖晶石晶格中少量氧缺位存在有利于促进晶粒的生长,提高铁氧体初始磁导率和致密度;当x＞0.05时,铁氧体为尖晶石和石盐石两相复合体,非磁性石盐石相(NiyZn1-y)O(y＜0.8)在晶界处的存在极大地减缓了晶粒的生长速度,促进了晶粒细化,改善了铁氧体的高频电磁特性和温度稳定性.     

LiMn2O4的Jahn-Teller效应研究

尖晶石LiMn2O4是很有发展前途的锂离子电池正极材料,但它在循环过程中存在着容量衰减的问题,其中Jahn-Teller效应是锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn2O4在应用中容量衰减的难点。对溶胶凝胶法制备的尖晶石LiMn2O4,及其阳离子掺杂LiMxMn2-xO4(M=Li,Ni-Co)正极材料进行了表面改性(包覆MgO),利用x射线衍射、晶格参数和｜Mn4 ｜/｜Mn3 ｜比值等参数研究了尖晶石LiMn2O4的Jahn-Teller效应。结果表明:表面改性后的正极材料Li1.05Mn1.9Co0.05Ni0.05O4循环性能明显增强,Jahn-Teller效应得到了有效抑制。     

白光LED用MSi2O2N2∶Eu2+ (M=Ca,Sr,Ba)氮氧化物荧光粉研究进展(下)

(续上期) 除了一价碱金属阳离子之外,其他价态的阳离子掺杂也常见诸报道.如Fei Qin-Ni等[29]报道的在SrSi2O2N2∶Eu2+中掺入一定量的Mn2+离子,可增强SrSi2O2N2∶Eu2+的发光性能,如图5所示.随着Mn2+离子掺入量的增加,SrSi2O2N2∶Eu2+的发光强度逐渐增加,当掺入量为0.04 mol时达到最高,继续增加MnEu2+离子掺入量,发光强度开始降低,主要是由于浓度猝灭的原因引起的.     

钒掺杂对Li4Ti5O12性能的影响

采用固相反应法合成了锂离子电池负极材料Li4-xVxTi5O12(x=0,0.1,0.2),研究了钒掺杂对其晶格结构、相组成和颗粒形貌以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:钒的掺杂增大了Li4-xVxTi5O12的晶胞参数,降低了晶格的规整度,增大了合成Li4-xVxTi5O12的颗粒度;同时随着钒掺杂量的增加,Li4-xVxTi5O12在高倍率下的循环稳定性增加,电极极化程度变小。Li4Ti5O12在3.0C下的比容量衰减迅速,但Li4-xVxTi5O12(x=0.1,0.2)在3.0C下仍保持很好的循环稳定性。钒的掺杂降低了Li4Ti5O12的比容量,这与钒在晶格中的存在形式以及掺杂试样较大的颗粒度有直接关系。     

等量La-Zn替代对锶铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响

采用陶瓷工艺制备了La、Zn替代的Sr1-xLaxFe12-xZnxO19 (x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25)锶铁氧体,分析了La3+,Zn2+共同取代对锶铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响.X射线衍射分析表明,随着La3+、Zn2+离子替代量的增加,锶铁氧体主体仍为六角晶结构.通过扫描电镜对样品的形貌结构...     

Effects of complex doping on microstructural and electrical properties of PZT ceramics

The influence of complex dopants including donor and acceptor ions on microstructure and electrical properties of PZT (Zr/Ti = 53/47) ceramics was investigated. The prepared PZT ceramics modified with complex soft dopants, La⁺³ and Nb⁺⁵, showed that the piezoelectric properties were enhanced and stable with the compositional variations, which made it possible to establish the higher reliability and reproducibility of the piezoelectric performances. For 1.0 mol% La and 1.2 mol% Nb doped composition, the maximum value, k _P = 0.66, was obtained. Unlike single element doping, the complex doping of both the donor and acceptor ions caused various compensation effects for the piezoelectric properties of the PZT ceramics. The improved piezoelectric properties, i.e., enhanced Q _m with remaining higher k _p , were obtained in the PZT composition complexly doped with La⁺³ and Fe⁺³. For 1.0 mol% La and 2.0 mol% Fe doped PZT composition, relatively high Q _m and k _p values of 580 and 0.53, respectively, were obtained. It was also shown that the PZT composition had the rather lowered dielectric constant, ε _r = 800, and considerably low loss, tanδ = 0.003. By changing the dopants compositions, the properties can also be tailored over wider range.     

金属氧化物掺杂改善LiFePO4电化学性能

采用氧化物前驱体对磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)进行少量金属离子掺杂,用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜、循环伏安法和恒电流充放电对掺杂的LiFePO4进行了研究.结果表明,少量的掺杂离子在很大程度上提高了LiFePO4的电化学性能,特别是大电流放电性能中1.0%(摩尔分数)的Nb5 掺杂LiFePO4的1 C放电比容量约130 mAh/g.掺杂后的电化学性能与掺杂离子的半径、价态密切相关,半径合适、价态高的离子对提高LiFePO4的电化学性能有利.     

Effect of re-oxidation on dielectric properties in Ni-MLCC

The effect of re-oxidation treatment on the solubility of dopants and the dielectric properties of rare-earths (La, Ho) and V-substituted BaTiO₃ solid solutions, assuming the shell phase of X7R dielectrics, was investigated. Ho-V-substituted samples showed larger increase of the lattice parameter and T _c by re-oxidation treatment compared with La-V-substituted samples. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that the oxidation of V³⁺ to V⁴⁺ or V⁵⁺ appeared in the range in which the increase of lattice parameter by re-oxidation treatment was observed. This suggests that the increase of T _c is due to the change of preferential occupational site of Ho ion from A-site to B-site, being accompanied with the oxidation of V³⁺. We also investigated the effect of re-oxidation treatment on the electrical properties and microstructure in Ni-MLCC samples, using rare-earths (La, Ho, Yb) and acceptors (Mn, V) doped BaTiO₃ based X7R dielectrics. The change in temperature characteristic of the dielectric constant by re-oxidation treatment was observed for the MLCC samples containing V with smaller content. In the case of Ho-V- and Yb-V-doped samples showed larger increase of the dielectric constant at around 120 °C compared with La-V-doped samples. The relationship between the microstructure and electrical properties of the MLCC sample was investigated by impedance measurement at elevated temperature.     

Oxygen Diffusion in Single- and Poly-Crystalline Zinc Oxides

¹⁸O diffusion coefficients were measured in zinc oxide ceramics using a secondary ion mass spectrometer. The results are interpreted as indicating extrinsic behavior. The values of the lattice diffusion coefficients with higher valence dopants compared with zinc ions are greater than lower valence dopant such as lithium ions. Using the data at deeper depth, the grain boundary diffusivity of oxide ions was also evaluated. Although the lattice diffusion coefficients varied by two orders of magnitude, the products of grain boundary width and grain boundary diffusion coefficient were less sensitive to the type of dopants.     

Preparation and modification of high Curie point BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based X9R ceramics

BaTiO₃ (BT) based X9R ceramics with high permittivity about 1700 were prepared by doping and pre-sintering technique. Pure Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (BNT) dopant was synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction first. Using this new approach, high performance BTBNT (BT doped with BNT) materials, owning high Curie temperature (139 °C), flat ferroelectric transition region and large permittivity at room temperature, were obtained. The effects of several dopants on dielectric properties of BTBNT ceramics were measured by the LCR meter. The suppression effect for the peaks in the dielectric constant at Curie temperature of these dopants have been ranked as follows: BiNbO₄ > CaZrO₃ > Nb₂O₅ > BNT.     

Dielectric Properties of Niobium and Lanthanum Doped Lead Barium Zirconate Titanate Relaxor Ferroelectrics

The lead barium zirconate titanate (PBZT) relaxor ferroelectrics are ideal for high voltage capacitor applications due to their high dielectric constant, stability under DC bias, and temperature stability. In this study the composition (Pb_0.65Ba_0.35)(Zr_0.70Ti_0.30)O₃ was selected as the base composition. It exhibited typical relaxor characteristics such as frequency dispersion and diffuse phase transition. The dielectric constant is 6000 at room temperature and remains almost constant under electric field as high as 20 kV/cm. To further enhance the dielectric properties, various amounts of niobium oxide and lanthanum oxide dopants were added to the base PBZT to alter the defect structure and hence the dielectric properties. It was found that the dielectric constant of 1% Nb-doped samples was increased by 20–25% while maintaining similar voltage stability. This increase was attributed to the abnormal grain growth in the Nb-doped sample, and the correlation between microstructure and dielectric constant was drawn through a grain size study. The La addition only caused a monotonic decrease of dielectric constant and slightly improved voltage stability.     

金属离子掺杂及碳包覆改善LiFePO4电化学性能

采用对LiFePO4进行单一金属离子掺杂(Zr)、复合掺杂金属离子(Mn,Zr,Ni)以及再进行表面碳包覆的方法,制得了粒子细微、粒径分布窄的Li1-xMxFePO4及Li1-xFePO4/C化合物.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所得样品的晶体结构、表观形貌和粒径分布进行了分析研究.用Li1-xFePO4/C作正极材料进行了电池的充放电测试,结果表明,材料的充放电平台相对锂电极电位为3.4 V左右,首次放电比容量为159 mAh/g,而且表现出了良好的循环性能和高倍率性能.     

The influence of dipolar species on charge carrier transport in alinear polysilicon

Effect of polar substituents and polar dopants on the transport of charge carriers in poly[methyl(phenyl)silanediyl] (PMPSI) was studied. The transport in undoped PMPSI can be explained within the theory of disordered polarons which postulates that the temperature and field dependence of the charge carrier mobility contain contributions both from the dynamic disorder, i.e. the polaron barrier, and from the environment-dependent static disorder. Polar moieties, chemically attached to the main polymer chain, give rise to a decrease of the on-chain mobility, due to the formation of local electronic polarization states. On the macroscopic level, these moieties and polar dopants give rise to a decrease of the drift (hopping) mobility due to a broadening of the distribution of the density of transport states as a consequence of the electrostatic interaction of the charge carrier with the dipole