双手爪式仿生攀爬机器人的摇杆控制

探讨一种新型双手爪式5自由度仿生攀爬机器人(Climbot)的摇杆控制方法.首先,对机器人的运动学和可夹持空间问题进行了分析.然后,针对其双手爪交替夹持攀爬的特点,提出了直观的摇杆操作模式,包括对不同的攀爬步态设计了不同的操作坐标系,并利用建立变换矩阵的方法将交替夹持端前后的机器人描述在同一坐标系中.最后,通过尺蠖、扭转和翻转3种步态的路灯杆攀爬和应用示范实验结果证明了该摇杆控制方法的有效性.     

基于数字孪生的角钢塔攀爬机器人系统研究

电网数字化建设管理将成为电力行业的发展趋势,作为电网输变电工程建设的重要组成部分,角钢塔智能化运维变得越发重要。为监测角钢塔的健康状况,实现角铁塔巡检等高空危险作业,提高工作效率,研究和开发角钢塔攀爬机器人具有重要意义。数字孪生是面向工业物联网的智能化应用,是连接物理世界与信息世界的桥梁与纽带,在角钢塔攀爬机器人的建模开发、智能作业、人机交互等多方面提供更加实时、智能、高效的服务。因此,为了给研究和开发角钢塔攀爬机器人提供一种新的方法,提出了基于数字孪生的角钢塔攀爬机器人系统理论架构,实现了角钢塔攀爬机器人数字孪生模型与物理实体之间的虚实映射与实时交互,并构建了数字化的角钢塔攀爬机器人系统平台。     

爬杆机器人能量最优攀爬运动规划

以自行开发的双爪式爬杆机器人Climbot为研究对象,提出一种同时考虑运动学和动力学约束的能量最优的攀爬运动规划方法.首先对机器人的攀爬运动能量消耗进行了数学描述,然后提出了一种能量最优运动规划方法,包括下层关节轨迹规划器、上层路径规划器以及优化路径搜索算法.最后,为了验证此种能量最优运动规划方法的有效性,给出了Climbot攀爬运动的算例,并对计算的结果进行了详细的分析.计算结果反映了该运动规划方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于控制函数的蛇形机器人攀爬运动分析

为实现对正交关节蛇形机器人多种运动形式的简单、统一控制,从研究蛇形机器人控制函数出发,提出了一种简单的并可同时实现正交关节蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动、行波运动、侧向翻滚运动和螺旋攀爬运动等多种运动形式的控制函数.对蛇形机器人实现螺旋攀爬运动的控制参数进行了分析,并用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对控制参数进行了优化拟合,给出了控制参...     

一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人设计与分析

为提高爬壁机器人的粘附性能和脱附效率,实现高效爬行运动,提出了一种仿生爪刺式履带爬壁机器人.该机器人结合了腿式机器人容易脱附和履带式机器人粘附面积大的优点,在不增加额外驱动的前提下,实现了机器人爪刺足的可控粘附与脱附.首先,在东方绢金龟足部柔顺跗节链结构的启发下,设计了仿生柔顺爪刺结构来适应粗糙壁面形貌、提高足部粘附性能.然后,针对履带旋转运动引起爪刺脱附困难的问题,设计了一种双轨道机构来模仿昆虫足部粘附、脱附动作.最后,在多种粗糙壁面上开展了爬行实验,结果表明爪刺足粘附稳定且易于脱附.     

自主攀爬式曲面作业机器人设计研究

以国家大剧院椭球壳体的清洗为应用背景,针对曲面高空作业的特点,设计了首台复杂曲面自主攀爬式机器人样机.机器人由攀爬机构!移动机构、清洗机构、俯仰调节机构组成;在对机器人总体结构和结构原理详细介绍后,对机器人运动功能实现进行了讨论.控制系统采用基于CAN总线的网络结构,以P80C592单片机为核心构成分布节点控制器,并着重对检测系统进行了研究.机器人在国家大剧院的真实环境下进行了作业实验,结果表明样机系统的设计组成原理合理,机械结构和控制系统方案成功可靠.     

形状记忆合金驱动的蛇形机器人运动仿真研究

基于Serpenoid 曲线建立了蛇形机器人行波运动和攀爬运动的运动学、动力学模型,根据模型提出一种具有万向节功能的pitch-roll 模块,利用形状记忆合金驱动器具有结构小和只受温度变化影响两大特点建立了蛇形机器人关节。应用MSC/ADAMS 虚拟样机软件对基于形状记忆合金驱动蛇形机器人进行行波运动和攀爬运动的动力学分析,并对仿真过程中遇到问题提供了解决办法。模型仿真效果非常理想,完全达到设计要求,为下一步研制物理样机提供了理论指导,也为其他仿生机器人的研究提供了参考。     

杆状物攀爬机器人关键技术研究

人工高空作业具有一定危险性,且工作效率低、工作难度大,采用攀爬机器人代替人工作业在安全性、稳定性及精确性等方面具有明显优势。杆状物攀爬机器人作为一个新兴的研究领域,国内外虽有较多研究,但仍处于试验阶段,未达到大规模推广使用的条件。因此,有必要总结现有成果,更好地完善攀爬机器人系统的研发与应用。本文通过分析国内外杆状物攀爬机器人技术和应用现状,从运动机构设计、自主行为控制与导航、远程通信、监测与遥操作4个方面,详细阐述了现存爬树爬杆类机器人的关键性技术问题,旨为杆状物攀爬机器人下一阶段的研究提供新的想法和方向。     

攀爬蛇形机器人爬树的静态机理研究

为了研发一种新型的、在垂直外攀爬方面有较大优势的攀爬蛇形机器人,提出一种具有万向节功能的P-R（pitch roll）模块,该模块结构简单、便于控制.相对于采用传统的平行连接和正交连接的机器人,基于该模块的蛇形机器人能够更为轻松和灵活地附着于攀爬对象外壁.对基于P-R模块的攀爬蛇形机器人爬树的基本姿态进行静态平衡机理分析,得到相关参数的函数关系,为攀爬蛇形机器人样机的研制和攀爬对象的选择提供了理论依据.最后通过实验验证了P-R结构的有效性及相关分析的合理性.     

双手爪爬杆机器人对杆件的位姿检测与自主抓夹

为实现5自由度平面构型的双手爪爬杆机器人Climbot对目标杆件的自主抓夹,提出一种基于2D激光扫描测距仪的杆件位姿检测和自主抓夹方法.首先根据Climbot的平面构型,给出了机器人在两圆杆间过渡时的特殊位姿约束条件.再摆动夹持器使得安装在上面的激光传感器可以用扫描的方式获取目标杆件上若干中心点位置,并将其拟合出杆件的空间直线方程,即杆件位姿.并基于直线方程,规划出了满足过渡约束条件的自主抓夹运动.最后通过实验分析了杆件中心点位置的检测误差,以及所求杆件位姿相对于实际杆件和Climbot夹持器坐标系的角度误差.相对于杆件尺寸以及夹持器张合度,上述误差均可接受.本文方法能够准确地检测目标杆件的位置信息,并给出合理的抓夹运动规划.     

Transition Motion from Ladder Climbing to Brachiation with Optimal Load-Allocation Control

Abstract

This paper describes the transition motion from ladder climbing to brachiation for a multi-locomotion robot (MLR). The MLR has versatile modes of locomotion, such as biped walking, quadruped walking, brachiation and ladder climbing. The transition is a challenging motion, because the environmental boundaries change and the robot has to switch the form of its locomotion depending on its surroundings, situations and purposes. The robot supports itself with three end-effectors that maintain its stability, while one hand transfers from a rung on the vertical ladder to a new rung behind the robot for brachiation. A closed kinematic chain is formed by the robot links and the ladder. In this case, if the number of position-controlled active joints is greater than the number of the chain’s degrees of freedom, an internal stress appears because of unavoidable position errors. The huge internal stress may lead some motors to become overloaded. Since the safety of each motor is very important for a serial-link robot, a load-allocation algorithm is proposed to balance the loads of the joint motors. The algorithm is verified through experiments.     

A binary approximating method for graspable region determination of biped climbing robots

For a biped pole-climbing robot (BiPCR) with grippers, it is an essential demand to determine the target grasp configuration for climbing and transiting between poles, with the graspable region as a priori knowledge. The graspable region on the target pole is critically important for climbing path planning and motion control. To efficiently compute the graspable region for a BiPCR, we propose a novel binary approximating method in this paper. This method may also be applied to generate the three-dimensional (3-D) workspace of a manipulator with constant orientation. The grasping problem and the concept of graspable region for a BiPCR are first introduced. The binary approximating method and the corresponding algorithms are then presented to generate the graspable region. Additional constraints on a biped climbing robot with five degrees of freedom (DoFs) are presented as a supplement to the algorithm. A series of comprehensive simulations are conducted with the five-DoF and six-DoF climbing robots to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the dexterity of biped climbing robots with different DoFs is discussed.     

一种用于反恐侦察的爬壁机器人系统

介绍了一种用于反恐侦察的爬壁机器人系统．该系统包括3个部分：真空吸附式两足爬壁机器人、便携式遥控器和无线视频传输模块．其中,基于DSP技术开发的控制器可以使机器人在光滑的壁面上灵活地爬行、转向和跨越．文中提出了一种实现机器人在两个不同倾斜壁面之间跨越的控制算法．实验表明,该机器人体积小、噪声低、隐蔽性好;视频模块图像清晰、传输稳定;整个系统可以满足执行反恐侦察任务的基本要求．     

窄足爬坡机器人结构及控制电路设计

论述竞赛用窄足爬坡机器人的整体结构以及机器人控制系统硬件部分设计和部分功能的软件实现,结合竞赛要求完成窄足爬坡机器人整体设计安装,经过多次试验调试,机器人达到了完成上坡任务的最佳状态,试验结果表明系统设计的合理性和可行性。     

Design of a cat-inspired robotic leg for fast running

This paper introduces a novel design for a robotic leg to achieve a fast running mechanism that is inspired by domestic cats. The skeletomuscular system and parallel leg movement of a cat are analyzed and applied to determine the link parameters and the linkage structure of the proposed mechanism. The linkage design of the leg mechanism is explained, and a kinematic analysis based on vector loop equations is performed. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is verified experimentally. A single leg clamped to a vertically moving slider exhibits a step frequency of 4.45 Hz while supporting a 0.5 kg body weight. The biped robot runs at an average speed of 0.75 m/s at a step frequency of 2.8 Hz for a trot gait on flat ground. This leg mechanism can facilitate the development of fast running robot systems.     

Dynamics and Noncollocated Model‐Free Position Control for a Space Robot with Multi‐Link Flexible Manipulators

In this paper, both the dynamics and noncollocated model‐free position control (NMPC) for a space robot with multi‐link flexible manipulators are developed. Using assumed modes approach to describe the flexible deformation, the dynamic model of the flexible space robotic system is derived with Lagrangian method to represent the system dynamic behaviors. Based on Lyapunov's direct method, the robust model‐free position control with noncollocated feedback is designed for position regulation of the space robot and vibration suppression of the flexible manipulators. The closed‐loop stability of the space robotic system can be guaranteed and the guideline of choosing noncollocated feedback is analyzed. The proposed control is easily implementable for flexible space robot with both uncertain complicated dynamic model and unknown system parameters, and all the control signals can be measured by sensors directly or obtained by a backward difference algorithm. Numerical simulations on a two‐link flexible space robot are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.     

Adaptive Gait Control of a Biped Robot Based on Realtime Sensing of the Ground Profile

In this paper, realtime control of dynamic biped locomotion usingsensor information is investigated. We used an ultrasonic rangesensor mounted on the robot to measure the distance from the robot tothe ground surface. During the walking control, the sensor data isconverted into a simple representation of the ground profile inrealtime. We also developed a control architecture based on theLinear Inverted Pendulum Mode which we proposed previously fordynamic walking control. Combining the sensory system and thecontrol system enabled our biped robot, Meltran II, to walk overground of unknown profile successfully.     

微创介入机器人系统设计与精度分析

针对微创介入手术对医生的身体危害性及难操作性等问题,设计了一种辅助医生手术操作的新型介入手术机器人系统,并详细阐述了模仿医生实际夹持与旋捻导管动作的仿生手指的设计理念以及基于神经网络的PID控制系统的设计过程。利用所研制出的血管介入机器人样机,开展了推进机构的精度实验,实验测试的各项精度结果证明所开发的推进机构满足精度的设计要求。通过对机构精度和误差来源的分析,给出提高精度的3条可行措施。本介入手术机器人满足设计要求,为同类产品的设计和改进提供了参考依据。     

Development of a single-wheeled inverted pendulum robot capable of climbing stairs

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose the design of a single-wheeled robot capable of climbing stairs. The robot is equipped with the proposed climbing mechanism, which enables it to climb stairs. The mechanism has an extremely simple structure, comprised of a parallel arm, belt, harmonic drive, and pulley. The proposed climbing mechanism has the advantage of not requiring an additional actuator because it can be driven by using a single actuator that drives the wheel. The robot is equipped with a control moment gyroscope to control the stability in a lateral direction. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot can climb stairs with a riser height of 12–13?cm and a tread depth of 39?cm at an approximate rate of 2 to 3 s for each step.