浏阳胶磷矿贫矿浮选研究

ＮＤＦ是胶磷矿浮选的新型抑制剂,用于浏阳胶磷矿贫矿浮选,闭路试验获得精矿含Ｐ２Ｏ５ ３１．２０％,回收率７９．１８％,含Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ １．９４％,Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ２．４０％的良好指标,研究表明ＮＤＦ是一种有良好选择性的浮选抑制剂,对精矿中的铁、铝杂质赋存状态进行了较详细的研究,指出了精矿中Ｆ２Ｏ３、Ａｌ２Ｏ３难以降低的原因。     

复合晶核剂（MoO3＋CaF2）对铝硅酸盐玻璃析晶行为的影响作用研究

采用ＤＴＡ，ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＡＸ，ＳＡＤＰ和ＸＲＤ等测试方法研究了含复合晶核剂（ＭｏＯ３＋ＣａＦ２）的铝硅酸盐玻璃的分相与析晶行为。实验结果表明，含单一晶核剂ＣａＦ２或ＭｏＯ３的玻璃仪产生表面析晶，而ＣａＦ２和ＭｏＯ３共同引入时能诱导玻璃的体内核化，ＣａＦ２和ＭｏＯ３均能降低基玻璃的析晶温度，整体析晶的机理是ＣａＦ２促进了玻璃的分相，ＭｏＯ３富集子分相玻璃的富钙相中，热处理过程中优先析出了ＣａＭｏＯ４     

ZnF2-BaF2-LaF3玻璃的X射线衍射和分子动力学研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射和分子动力学计算机结构模拟（ＭＤ）等手段研究了５３ＺｎＦ２－３３ＢａＦ２－１４ＬａＦ３玻璃的结构,研究表明Ｚｎ原子主要为６配位,少数为７配位,Ｌａ原子主要为９配位,Ｚｎ－Ｆ的平均键长为２．１３ＡＺｎ－Ｚｎ键长在共边连续时为３．３３Ａ,共角时为３．８２Ａ,在ＭＤ模拟得到的玻璃结构中同时存在桥Ｆ（Ｆｂ）,非桥Ｆ（Ｆａｂ）３配位Ｆ（Ｆｔ）和游离Ｆ（Ｆｆ）,Ｆｆ和Ｂａ,Ｌａ原子成键,获得的平     

固体超强酸ZrO_2/SO_4~=和Fe_2/O_3/SO_4~=催化苯乙烯烷基化甲苯反应初探

固体超强酸ＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ＝４和Ｆｅ２／Ｏ３／ＳＯ＝４催化苯乙烯烷基化甲苯反应初探ＣＡＴＡＬＹＩＣＡＬＫＹＬＡＴＩＯＮＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＬＵＥＮＥＡＮＤＳＴＹＲＥＮＥＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＳＯＬＩＤＳＵＰＥＲＡＣＩＤＳＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ４＝ＡＮＤＦｅ２／Ｏ／...     

黑龙江涤纶厂高浓度涤纶废水处理工程设计实例

黑龙江涤纶厂高浓度涤纶废水采用厌氧污泥床过滤器（ＵＡＳＢＡＦ）处理,经过设计参数选择、工程设计和运行效果分析。结果证明,ＵＡＳＢＡＦ厌氧池的容积负荷为９．２ｋｇＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３·ｄ）,ＣＯＤ去除率８０％,接触氧化池的ＣＯＤ去除率９５％左右,处理效果稳定,基本达到设计要求。     

赝二元系CaF2-LiAlF4相图

通过差热分析（ＤＴＡ）和Ｘ射线粉末衍射（ＸＲＤ）方法研究了赝二元系ＣａＦ２－ＬｉＡｌＦ４的相平衡关系,该赝二元系在ＣａＦ２：ＬｉＡｌＦ４为１：１处形成一致融熔化合物ＬｉＣａＡｌＦ６,其熔点为８１４℃,并分别在ＬｉＡｌＦ４摩尔分数为８８％主４４１％处出现两个共晶点,其共昌温度分别６９２℃和７８３℃,对照该体系的相图,按摩尔比ＬｉＦ：ＣａＦ２：（ＡｌＦ３＋ＣｒＦ３）＝１：１：１的组成配料,采用密闭条件     

C11A7.CaCl2和3C2S.3CaSO4.CaF2的水化性能研究

本文合成了Ｃ１１Ａ７．ＣａＣｌ２和３Ｃ２Ｓ．３ＣａＳＯ４．ＣａＦ２二种矿物，借助于ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ等测试手段，研究了这两种矿物及其以１：１掺合时的水化历程。结果表明，矿物３Ｃ２Ｓ。３ＣａＳＯ４．ＣａＦ２的水化能力很弱，但与Ｃ１１Ａ７．ＣａＣｌ２复合时，其水化活性可以大大地得激发。     

以Fe2O3作晶核剂的尾矿玻璃陶瓷晶化研究

运用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、能谱分析（ＥＤＡＸ）等测试手段,研究了以 Ｆｅ２Ｏ３作晶核剂时ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统尾矿玻璃陶瓷析晶特征。结果表明,Ｆｅ２Ｏ３降低了玻璃整体析晶温度,并在热处理时诱导玻璃分组,从而促进成核和晶相生长。合理控制热处理条件可获得性能良好的尾矿玻璃陶瓷材料。     

由铁铝酸钙水化生成钙矾石的动力学

定量研究了石膏与Ｃ４ＡＦ或Ｃ６ＡＦ３量的比从１／３到４／１（以摩尔计）在室温水化生成钙矾石的动力学。结果表明,在ＤＴＧ曲线上ＡＦ１主峰所含２６Ｈ２Ｏ对应于其结构式中２６个以Ｈ２Ｏ状态结合较弱的结晶水,ＡＦ１中Ｆｅ２ｏ３对Ａｌ２Ｏ３取代量为２０％～２５％。得出由铁铝酸钙水化生成ＡＦ１的反应方程式,在反应动力学中引入反应物颗粒尺寸分布与反应率的关系。将铁铝酸钙表面反应深度与反应率的关系α（ｘ）与实测的     

几种聚乙烯树脂流变性能的研究

利用ＨＡＡＫＥ ＲＨＥＯＣＯＲＯ ９０转矩流变仪对三种ＬＬＤＦＥ（ＤＦＤＡ７０４２、ＤＦＤＡ７０４７、ＤＦＤＡ７０６８），两种ＨＤＰＥ（ＤＧＤＡ６０９８、ＧＦ７７５０）及两种ＬＤＰＥ（２Ｆ２Ｂ、１Ｉ２Ａ），进行了流变性能测试，得到其流变曲线，对比分析了挤出压力不稳定性和熔体破裂情况，为这几种聚乙烯树脂的适用性提供了基础数据。     

水泥缓凝剂装置中磷石膏预处理的水平衡

湿法磷酸装置副产的磷石膏量大，综合利用的途径多种多样。分析了水泥缓凝剂装置中磷石膏预处理系统，如何与湿法磷酸装置排放的磷石膏建立新的水平衡，提出了三种水平衡方案，根据已确定的200kt／a水泥缓凝剂的生产能力和磷酸装置的生产能力选择了方案三：若上述两装置的生产能力匹配，选用方案二则可省去石膏排渣系统，更为经济。     

膜的化学清洗及综合效应评价

概述了膜污染的类型与成因、化学清洗机理及清洗剂的类型,从清洗效果、清洗成本、环境影响3方面,利用层次分析法构建了膜化学清洗综合效应的评价方法;并以某生活污水处理系统的微滤膜为例,进行了两个方案的实证研究,结果表明,方案2要优于方案1。该评价方法可操作性强,评价结果能为选择科学合理的膜化学清洗方案提供依据。     

实物期权在矿业投资决策中的应用

针对传统净现值方法在计算过程中低估矿业资源价值的缺点,提出了采用实物期权方法评价矿业项目.以某煤矿为实例,分别采用净现值法、Black-Scholes模型、基于延迟的实物期权模型和二叉树模型进行了计算,通过分析对比,得出二叉树模型适于矿业投资决策的结论.     

Evaluation of technologies for a desalination operation and disposal in the Tularosa Basin, New Mexico

According to the United Nations Environment Programme, one-third of the world's population lives in a situation of water stress. In the case of New Mexico, about 90% of the 1.8 million inhabitants depend on ground brackish water as their only source of potable water in many areas of the state. This report presents a technically-supported, economically-feasible and environmentally friendly proposal to desalinate brackish water to supply potable water to inland, isolated communities in southwest New Mexico. Several existing technologies were reviewed to identify opportunities for optimization by combining them to provide potable water and reduce the waste stream. Alternatives were studied and experimentation was conducted for some of them. The alternatives proposed were the use of natural coagulants for pretreatment, various solar collectors' arrangements for energy supply, reverse osmosis (RO), low temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED), multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), solar distillation (SD), and electrodialysis for desalination process; Spirulina cultivation and SD for waste treatment, and deep well injection (DWI) for waste disposal. Some alternatives were eliminated because they are either technologically or economically not feasible for this case and present high environmental impact. Three plant configurations were analyzed. Option A involves using the linear Fresnel systems (LFS) to produce steam for the first effect of a nine-effect evaporation plant. The number of effects was determined to achieve the optimal relation between equipment investment costs and steam production cost. This plant operates 8 h per day with solar energy and the rest of the 24 hour operating time is provided with fossil fuels. The waste produced will be further evaporated with SD to minimize its flow and the concentrated brine will be injected into a deep well. Option B has the same elements as option A, except that it does not consider the SD, but direct brine injection into a deep well. Option C considers the use of SD as the only process for distillation with DWI as the waste disposal method. The selection criteria for the best configuration were optimal use of solar energy resources, minimization of fossil fuel consumption and waste stream generation and disposal. Operation requirements and economic analysis were considered to select a proposal easy to implement and operate in rural isolated communities. For the following reasons option A is the best configuration to cover the necessity of potable water in New Mexico: (A) the plant is easy to construct and operate. In addition, it can handle different ranges of brackish water flow. (B) The 76% water recovery of the system almost matches the recovery achieved in a RO plant (80%), with the advantage that maintenance costs are reduced and treatment flowrates cannot be matched by the RO plant. (C) Use of the LFS reduces the emission of combustion gases to the atmosphere by 33%. This manifests as a positive point in a LCA evaluation. (D) The minimum environmental impact of the process facilitates the public involvement plan (PIP) because it gives the plant an environmentally responsible image in terms of avoiding greenhouse gases emissions. (E) The return on investment (ROI) is 10.2% at a price of $5.00/m³ of desalinated water, which is superior to the estimated minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) used for LT-MED plants as 9.5% annually.     

Novel design and performance of a medical oxygen concentrator using a rapid pressure swing adsorption concept

A novel design of a compact rapid pressure swing adsorption system consisting of a single adsorber enclosed inside a product storage tank is proposed for application as a medical oxygen concentrator (MOC). A self‐contained test unit for the process is constructed which is capable of directly and continuously producing 1–3 sl/m of 90% O₂ from compressed air. Pelletized LiLSX zeolite is used as the air separation adsorbent. Steady state process performance data [bed size factor (BSF) and O₂ recovery (R) as functions of total cycle time (t_c)], as well as transient, cyclic, adsorber pressure, and temperature profiles are presented. A four‐step Skarstrom‐like pressure swing adsorption cycle was used. Two options for column pressurization, (a) using compressed feed air cocurrently or (b) using a part of the oxygen‐enriched product gas counter‐currently were evaluated. Option (b) exhibited superior performance. The optimum total cycle time for option (b) was 5–6 s where the BSF was lowest (～45 kgs/TPD O₂) and the corresponding R was ～29.3%. These numbers indicate that the adsorbent inventory of a MOC can be potentially reduced by a factor of three while offering a ～10–20% higher O₂ recovery compared to a typical commercial unit. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3330–3335, 2014     

A practical CFD modeling approach to estimate outlet boundary conditions of industrial multistage spray dryers: Inert particle flow field investigation

Industrial multistage spray drying systems often have limited in situ process measurements to provide sufficient information for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the primary drying chamber. In this case study on the spray dryer at Davis Dairy Plant (South Dakota State University), uncertainties were encountered in specifying the outlet boundary conditions of the spray drying chamber with two outlets: the side outlet and the bottom outlet leading to the second stage external vibrating bed. Using the available data on the vacuum pressure of the chamber, a numerical framework was introduced to approximate suitable outlet boundary conditions for the drying chamber. The procedure involved analyzing the ratio of the airflow rate between the two outlets and using a pseudo-tracer inert particle injection analysis. The goal of this approach was to determine a suitable range of outlet vacuum pressure that will lead to realistic particle movement behaviors during the actual plant operation. The protocol developed here will be a useful tool for CFD modeling of large scale multistage spray drying systems.

Abbreviations: ARC: Australian Research Council; CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics; FFT: Fast Fourier Transform; MCC: Micellar Casein Concentrate; PRESTO: Pressure Staggering Option; SDSU: South Dakota State University; SIMPLE: Semi???Impilicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations; WPC: Whey Protein Concentrate     

Interferon Beta-1a (AVONEX?) as a Treatment Option for Untreated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (AXIOM): A Prospective,Observational Study

The efficacy and safety of first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has been demonstrated in pivotal, randomized trials, but these studies do not reflect the routine care setting where treatment gaps or switches are common. The Avonex as Treatment Option for Untreated MS Patients (AXIOM) trial assessed the efficacy of newly-initiated intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNb-1a) after a treatment-free interval, with particular consideration of the previous course of disease and therapy. The AXIOM trial was an open, 12-month, observational, non-interventional study with a retrospective and a prospective part conducted in Germany. RRMS patients with a treatment-free interval of at least three months were included and treated with IFNb-1a for up to 12 months. Relapse rate, disability progression, injection-related parameters and quality of life observed during the prospective part were compared with retrospectively-collected data. Two hundred and thirty five RRMS patients participated in AXIOM. The mean relapse rate decreased from 1.1 in the three months before baseline to 0.2 per quarter during the twelve-month observational period; the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite score improved during twelve months of IM IFNb-1a treatment, while the Expanded Disability Status Scale score did not change over the course of this study. Compared to previous DMTs (IM IFNb-1a, subcutaneous IFNb-1a (SC IFNb-1a), SC IFNb-1b, glatiramer acetate), the patients experienced less injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, with a stated improved quality of life. IM IFNb-1a was effective and well accepted in RRMS patients with no or discontinued previous therapy. These results from the routine care setting may inform optimization of DMT treatment in RRMS, but need confirmation in further studies.     

油酸包覆型Fe_2O_3对铁厂沟煤加氢热解特性的影响

采用固定床反应器考察了干混法添加油酸包覆型Fe2O3对煤加氢热解特性的影响,并与添加常规Fe2O3进行比较。对其催化作用下得到的半焦进行了TG、BET和XRD表征,焦油进行GC模拟蒸馏分析。结果表明:(1)采用常规Fe2O3考察铁的添加量时,在添加量为5%时焦油产率最高,由不加催化剂时的14.3%提高到16.3%。添加油酸包覆型Fe2O3时,煤的热解转化率更高,焦油产率由不加催化剂时的14.3%提高到18.0%。(2)添加油酸包覆型Fe2O3和常规Fe2O3得到的半焦反应性基本相同,半焦的孔结构则是添加油酸包覆型Fe2O3时最发达;添加油酸包覆型Fe2O3的半焦表面Fe晶粒的直径28 nm,小于添加常规Fe2O3的半焦表面Fe晶粒的直径39.5 nm。(3)加入常规Fe2O3和油酸包覆型Fe2O3都使得焦油品质得到提高,但两者相比,常规Fe2O3作用下得到的焦油品质更高。     

Y2O3-Bi2O3催化剂制备及其可见光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

采用高温固相法合成一系列不同质量比的Y2O3-Bi2O3复合可见光复合催化剂,在日光色镝灯照射下,以2,4-二氯苯酚的可见光催化降解为目标反应,研究了Bi/Y质量比及焙烧温度对Y2O3-Bi2O3复合催化剂的结构及活性的影响.结果表明,复合光催化剂Y2O3-Bi2O3的最佳焙烧温度1023 K,焙烧时间2.5 h,最佳...     

复合氧化物WO_3-SnO_2催化合成己二酸

制备了复合氧化物催化剂WO3-SnO2用于催化H2O2氧化环己酮合成己二酸,适宜制备条件为n(WO3)∶n(SnO2)=1∶2,500℃焙烧3h,采用IR分析对其进行了表征。考察了催化剂用量、30%H2O2用量、反应时间及催化剂重复使用性等因素对己二酸收率的影响。己二酸适宜合成条件为:环己酮100mmol,催化剂1.25g,30%H2O250mL,回流反应5h,己二酸收率达82.5%。结果表明,复合氧化物WO3-SnO2的催化活性高于WO3。此外,若将WO3-SnO2进行镧改性后,催化活性虽不及WO3-SnO2,但可有效提高催化剂使用寿命。