啤酒花中黄腐酚的生理活性作用的研究进展

黄腐酚为酒花中主要的异戊二烯基黄酮类物质。目前被发现仅存在于酒花中,其含量占酒花干重的0.1%～1%,它的结构赋予它多重生理活性。本文综述了近年来对酒花中黄腐酚的提取、分离纯化、结构鉴定、以及抗癌、抗病毒、预防动脉样硬化和糖尿病、雌性激素、抗氧化等生理活性及其作用机理的研究进展。     

响应面法优化提取啤酒花中黄腐酚的工艺研究

通过单因素结合响应面分析,采用超声波辅助提取方法,对啤酒花活性成分黄腐酚的提取工艺进行优化.在单因素试验的基础上,根据中心组合(Box-Benhnken)试验设计原理,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,以黄腐酚提取率为响应值进行回归分析.结果表明,啤酒花中黄腐酚的最佳提取工艺为:提取时间20min、乙醇浓度90％、提取温...     

不同种类啤酒花中黄腐酚含量的研究

以甲醇作溶剂采用超声波提取法对来自不同国家和地区的34个酒花样品中的黄腐酚进行了分离提取,并使用HPLC对其含量进行测定。结果表明不同类型的酒花之间黄腐酚含量存在很大的差异性,苦型啤酒花中黄腐酚含量要高于香型啤酒花;且酒花中黄腐酚的百分含量与α-酸的含量总体上呈现正相关的线性关系;酒花储藏时间的长短会影响黄府酚含量的高低;酒花由原花加工成酒花颗粒的过程中也会导致黄腐酚含量发生变化;此外,啤酒花的产地、年代等因素也都对黄腐酚含量有一定的影响。     

不同光照条件对啤酒花中黄腐酚异构化影响

目的研究不同光照条件,如光照强度、光照时间、处理光的波长等因素对啤酒花中黄腐酚(xanthohumol,Xn)光异构化的影响。方法啤酒花样品在不同光照强度、光照时间、波长和不同颜色玻璃瓶储藏条件下处理后,于OD_(370)处测量Xn含量。结果相同功率光源的紫外光引起Xn异构化较白光显著(P0.05),白光照射Xn样品随着光照时间和光照强度的增大,Xn光异构化程度提高;相同功率光源及光照时间条件下,红光[(625±5)nm]、黄光[(590±5) nm]、绿光[(555±5)nm]、蓝光[(450±5)nm]处理引起的Xn异构化速度差异极显著(P0.01),其中蓝光最强,其次是绿光、红光、黄光;白光光源光照条件下,深棕色玻璃瓶储存对Xn的稳定性显著优于绿色、蓝色、无色玻璃瓶等(P0.05),并且深棕色玻璃瓶长期储存Xn显著优于绿色玻璃瓶(P0.05)。结论光照时间、波长及储存条件对Xn光异构化有显著的影响,且避光储存利于Xn稳定,这为含有Xn的饮品、食品、保健品等的光照或包装条件的选择提供了依据。     

硅胶柱层析分离啤酒花中的黄腐酚

利用硅胶柱层析法对啤酒花浸膏中的黄腐酚进行了分离,采取了2种洗脱方法。方法一是采用石油醚和乙酸乙酯固定比例(2:1)洗脱2次,第1次洗脱后合并含有黄腐酚的洗脱液,浓缩成浸膏,进行第2次洗脱;方法二是以石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂梯度洗脱2次,第1次梯度洗脱后合并含有黄腐酚的洗脱液,浓缩成浸膏,进行第2次梯度洗脱。结果表明,方法一的分离效率高、速度快,黄腐酚得率较高(44.88%),但黄腐酚的纯度较低(57.78%);方法二的黄腐酚得率较低(43.16%),但纯度高(81.10%),部分馏分浓缩后有结晶析出,经HPLC检测为黄腐酚结晶单体,纯度达到98.1%,因此可以应用硅胶柱层析法高效分离和纯化啤酒花黄腐酚。     

酒花中"黄腐酚"的最新研究进展与开发前景

啤酒花中特有的一种名叫黄腐酚的物质被越来越多的人们所关注,该物质属异戊烯类黄酮化合物(Xantho-humol,简称Xn),经科学家研究表明:黄腐酚具有明显的抗癌等功效.重点介绍了国内外学者对啤酒中所含黄腐酚的最新研究进展,进一步论述了今后对富含黄腐酚等因子的功能性保健啤酒的开发前景.     

分离纯化酒花黄腐酚初探

为了简化工艺,降低纯化黄腐酚的成本,将粉碎后的酒花先用超临界CO2萃取,收集酒花萃余物,以甲醇(乙醇)作为提取剂,对酒花萃余物进行超声波提取;浓缩的萃取液,与硅藻土混合均匀,先后经2种洗脱液洗脱,将收集到的第2种洗脱液经过滤膜过滤、低温浓缩干燥处理后,即可得到黄腐酚纯品,纯度为86.2%。纯化后的黄腐酚为黄色粉末状固体,经重结晶纯度可达97.8%以上。     

黄腐酚的研究现状及啤酒酿造应用前景

黄腐酚是由酒花所分泌产生的,属于异戊烯类黄酮化合物（Xanthohumol,简称Xn）。黄腐酚具有抗癌、预防和治疗糖尿病、抗氧化等多种生理活性。黄腐酚的提取方法主要有：有机溶剂提取、大孔树脂吸附、超声技术提取、高速逆流色谱提取法。饮用啤酒是人体吸收黄腐酚的唯一方法,通过提高啤酒中黄腐酚的含量,可提高人体对黄腐酚的摄入量,可采用在啤酒酿造工艺过程提高啤酒的黄腐酚含量。（孙悟）     

茶多酚提取纯化工艺研究进展

茶多酚是一种理想的食品天然抗氧化剂,具有抗癌治病、防衰老、防辐射、消除人体自由基等多种生理功效,广泛用于食品、油脂、医药、化工等行业。近年来,对于茶多酚的提取纯化方法多见于报道,本文就国内外茶多酚提取纯化方法的研究进展情况作一综述。     

茶皂素提取纯化工艺和含量测定研究进展

本文介绍了茶皂素的化学结构和性质以及茶皂素标准品的制备和含量分析方法,重点叙述了茶皂素的提取和纯化工艺方法并指出各种方法的优缺点,希望能为油茶籽的综合利用提供参考。     

Preparative isolation and purification of xanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Xanthohumol (XN) and related prenylflavonoids are the main bioactive components of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). The current work is to investigate the use of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) in search for high isolation of xanthohumol from hops. A solvent system consisted of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at a volume ratio of 5:5:4:3 was employed. The results demonstrated that the constructed method could be well applied for the isolation of xanthohumol from hops extract. After HSCCC isolation procedure, the purity of xanthohumol was over 95% assayed by HPLC and the yield of extraction was 93.60%. The chemical structure identification of xanthohumol was carried out by UV, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The present results demonstrated that xanthohumol could be efficiently obtained using a single HSCCC step from H. lupulus L. extract.     

Broad spectrum anti-infective potential of xanthohumol from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in comparison with activities of other hop constituents and xanthohumol metabolites

This review summarizes the capacity of xanthohumol (XN) in comparison with additional hop constituents and metabolites to act as an antiinfective agent against microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and malarial protozoa. XN was shown to inhibit the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Antiviral activity was demonstrated against bovine viral diarrhea virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and human immunodeficiency virus 1. Inhibition of two Trichophyton spp. was indicative of antifungal activity. Finally, XN potently inhibited the replication of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. This effect was linked to the inhibition of glutathione-mediated degradation and detoxification of haemin, a by-product of the parasitic digestion of haemoglobin. Overall, these activities further contribute to the broad spectrum of biological effects observed with XN.     

Binding of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) chalcone xanthohumol to cytosolic proteins in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells

Used in the brewing of beer, hops (Humulus lupulus L.) contain the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol, which is under investigation as a cancer chemoprevention agent and as a precursor for the estrogenic flavanones isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin. The uptake, transport and accumulation of xanthohumol were studied using the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 to help understand the poor bioavailability of this chalcone. Studies were carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayers 18-21 days after seeding. The apparent K(m) and V(max) values of xanthohumol accumulation in Caco-2 cells were determined, and the protein binding of xanthohumol in sub-cellular fractions of Caco-2 cells was investigated. Approximately 70% of xanthohumol added to the apical side of Caco-2 cells accumulated inside the cells, while 93% of the intracellular xanthohumol was localized in the cytosol. Xanthohumol accumulation was temperature dependent and saturable with an apparent K(m )value of 26.5 +/- 4.66 muM and an apparent V(max) of 0.215 +/- 0.018 nmol/mg protein/min. Facilitated transport was not responsible for the uptake of xanthohumol, instead, accumulation inside the Caco-2 cells was apparently the result of specific binding to cytosolic proteins. These data suggest that specific binding of xanthohumol to cytosolic proteins in intestinal epithelial cells contributes to the poor oral bioavailability observed previously in vivo.     

啤酒花多酚的提取工艺及抗氧化活性的研究

通过单因素和正交试验确定了酒花多酚的最佳提取工艺:浸提剂为70%丙酮,料液比1:25(g/ml),回流提取温度45℃,提取时间为1h,在此条件下多酚的提取量达到47.29mg/g干酒花。抗氧化实验结果显示酒花多酚对DPPH自由基的清除能力(IC506.72μg/ml)优于抗坏血酸(IC508.79μg/ml)和单宁酸(IC507.68μg/ml),弱于茶多酚(IC505.77μg/ml);酒花多酚的还原力(EC500.111mg/ml)与抗坏血酸(EC500.101mg/ml)接近,弱于单宁酸(EC500.079mg/ml)和茶多酚(EC500.072mg/ml);酒花多酚对小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化产生丙二醛(MDA)的抑制能力(IC500.179mg/ml)优于单宁酸(IC500.462mg/ml),弱于茶多酚(IC500.136mg/ml)。     

Determination of the botanical origin of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) using different analytical techniques in combination with statistical methods

Beer flavour and aroma depend mostly on the hop variety used in the brewing process. For this reason it is of crucial importance for brewers to be certain about the botanical origin of the hop variety. Metabolic fingerprinting is one of the approaches that can be used for determination of the botanical origin of many agricultural and food products. The aim of the current work was to differentiate between the five most important hop varieties in Slovenia. Gas chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were carried out in combination with three different chemometric methods – principal component analysis, regularized discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering – on 121 hop samples. The chemometric classification of the hop varieties was obtained with nearly 100% success. The best results were obtained with GC and HPLC data, within one year of harvesting. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

RP-HPLC法测定酒花中的黄腐酚

建立了反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)检测酒花中黄腐酚含量的方法.选用色谱柱Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇和0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱.枉温25℃,流速0.5mL/min,检测波长370nm.在此条件下,黄腐酚得到很好分离,在1.13～113mg/L范围内线性关系良好,R2=0.9992,外加标回收率在95.05%～104.03%之间,RSD=2.71%.该方法可以简便、准确地测定酒花中黄腐酚的含量.