钢板超声波测厚仪测量误差及分析

使用超声波测厚仪检测钢板厚度时有时会存在较大的测量误差。分析了造成钢板测厚误差的原因。发现由于常用的超声波测厚仪的检测灵敏度非常高,会导致钢板内部存在的较小缺欠、分层、偏析、材质不均匀等材质缺陷影响了测厚精度和准确性。因此建议在使用超声波测厚仪出现异常读数时,需要使用超声波探伤仪对疑似异常位置进行探伤确认,排除材质缺陷,以免造成钢板测厚的误读和错误测量。     

铝合金板材边部分层缺陷超声波无损检测

介绍了铝合金板材边部分层无损检测方法的选择,超声波探伤原理,边部分层缺陷成因及特点,边部分层的危害,超声波探伤方法、探头、仪器、耦合剂、对比试块的选择,检测方法实施验证,边部分层缺陷无损检测的优越性。通过试验研究及现场大批量的生产检测,证明采用超声波无损检测技术,能够有效检出板材边部分层缺陷,能够达到对板材边部分层缺陷质量有效控制。     

全自动超声波检测技术在管道对接环焊缝检测中的应用

介绍了全自动超声波检测技术在管道对接环焊缝检测中的应用。采用全自动超声波检测、手动超声波检测以及射线检测方法对预制缺陷进行了检测。通过金相解剖对比三种检测方法的优劣，发现全自动超声波检测技术的优势和发展潜力，得出超声波衍射时差法结合超声脉冲反射法可有效检测管道对接环焊缝缺陷。     

聚乙烯管夹杂焊接缺陷的超声波检测

为保证聚乙烯管道热熔焊接质量,对焊接面的不同夹杂缺陷进行了超声波无损检测研究。采用与管道弧形面接触的低频率探头,在切除管道焊缝内外翻边后,对不同夹杂缺陷进行检测和分析。结果表明,超声波检测方法能检测出聚乙烯管道热熔焊接的各种夹杂缺陷,并能有效地定位和定量。     

埋地钢质管道本体无损检测技术

本文主要介绍快速、高效开展埋地钢质管道本体检测的方法,阐述管道本体无损检测相关技术,主要应用漏磁法、超声相控阵、超声波C扫描法等检测手段,采用漏磁检测、超声相控阵等检测方法进行缺陷初扫(定性),然后利用超声测厚仪和超声波C扫描仪进行精确检测,最终对管体缺陷准确描述,达到风险受控的目的.     

用于管道纵向缺陷检测的超声波线性探头的设计及验证

提出了一种管道纵向缺陷的超声波探头楔块的设计方法。在该方法中,利用超声波在有机玻璃中的延时,可实现管道中超声波的能量汇聚。利用自行研制的超声波动态光弹系统及加工有人工缺陷的有机玻璃圆环进行了相关试验,通过对所得图像的分析,证明该方法用于管道纵向缺陷的检测是可行的。     

板波检测冷轧高强度钢薄板分层的研究

介绍了航天用冷轧高强度钢薄板分层的产生原因、检测方法。着重阐述了应用超声波板波检测分层的方法和检测参数选择;结合实际分析了不同类别分层的超声波波形及区别,并使用纵波和测厚仪等检测方法进行判定。实现了薄板中分层缺陷的高效检出,解决了分层缺陷定量、定性、定位、定深等难题,从而有效确保了薄板产品质量。     

一种埋地管道腐蚀缺陷检测方法

许多在役油气管道由于自身结构特点、地形环境、敷设情况等条件限制无法实施管道内缺陷检测,致使整个管线系统的安全受到威胁.为了实现管道内缺陷检测,采用非接触式磁力检测技术进行管道全线缺陷检测,运用磁记忆检测技术定性分析和超声波测厚定量分析方法检测开挖管道来验证非接触式磁力检测结果,形成一套针对埋地管道的快速高效的缺陷检测方...     

小口径薄壁管分层缺陷的超声探伤

对于钢管内的分层缺陷,许多探伤方法缺少检出能力,用超声波探伤法不但可以对在役小口径薄壁管中分层缺陷进行检测,还可以检测钢管壁厚。     

P91/P92钢管道对接焊缝微裂纹的超声波检测

随着P91/P92钢在国内火力发电机组的大量应用,对其焊接缺陷的检测也成为质量监督的重点工作。目前,在运行检修过程中,超声波检测出的缺陷主要为以微小裂纹类缺陷为主的层间缺陷。通过对某厂P91钢主蒸汽管道对接焊缝的超声波检测,对微小裂纹的缺陷回波波形特征进行了分析,对该类缺陷在超声波检测中的判断和识别方法进行了探讨和总结。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。