微孔富镁尖晶石对低碳MgO-C材料性能的影响

分别以微孔富镁尖晶石(5~3和3~1 mm)和电熔镁砂(5~3和3~1 mm)为粗骨料,以<1 mm的电熔镁砂为细骨料,以镁砂粉(≤0.088 mm)、鳞片石墨粉(≤0.088 mm)、金属铝粉(≤0.074 mm)为细粉,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备了w(C)=6%的两种低碳MgO-C材料,经220和1 500℃(埋焦炭)热处理后,测定其显气孔率、常温耐压强度、常温抗折强度、加热永久线变化率、抗热震性和抗渣性。结果表明:1)用微孔富镁尖晶石骨料取代普通低碳MgO-C材料中的部分镁砂骨料后,经220和1 500℃热处理后试样的显气孔率均比普通低碳MgO-C试样的大,体积密度均比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小;220℃固化后试样的强度比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小,但1 500℃热处理后试样的强度比普通低碳MgO-C试样的大;1 500℃热处理后试样的加热永久线变化率比普通低碳MgO-C试样的小。2)使用微孔富镁尖晶石骨料代替电熔镁砂骨料能有效提高低碳MgO-C材料的抗热震性,但对低碳MgO-C材料的抗侵蚀性不利。     

Si粉加入量对氮化反应制备Si_3N_4结合MgO-C材料的影响

为了提高MgO-C材料的使用性能,试验以电熔镁砂(3~1和≤1 mm)、单质Si粉(≤0.074 mm)和鳞片石墨(≤0.074 mm)为主要原料,木质磺酸钙溶液为结合剂,在氮气气氛下分别于1 350℃保温2 h后再于1 500℃保温3 h制备Si_3N_4结合MgO-C材料。研究了Si粉加入质量分数分别为16%、18%、20%、22%和24%时对材料物理性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:当Si粉加入量(w)为16%时,试样具有最优的显气孔率、体积密度和耐压强度,此时试样中生成的物相有β-Si_3N_4、α-Si_3N_4和Si C,与其他试样相比,该试样中β-Si_3N_4的晶粒尺寸最小。另外,除Si粉加入量(w)在22%和24%时有少量MgSi N2相生成外,Si粉不同加入量的试样氮化后生成的物相无明显变化,主要有β-Si_3N_4、α-Si_3N_4和少量Si C相。试样中原位生成的β-Si_3N_4相主要呈短柱状。     

尖晶石对Al2O3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

以新型亚白刚玉(8~5 mm、5~3 mm、3~1 mm、≤1 mm、≤0.044 mm)、SiC(≤1 mm、≤0.088 mm)、尖晶石粉(≤0.044 mm)、SiO2微粉、α-Al2O3微粉、铝酸钙水泥、Si粉和球状沥青等为主要原料,在Al2O3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料的配料组成中分别加入质量分数为0、4%、7%、10%、13%的镁铝尖晶石粉,混练均匀后振动成型为40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的条状试样和50/20 mm×50/20mm的坩埚试样,经110℃24 h和1 450℃3 h热处理后测定试样的体积密度、显气孔率、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、烧后线变化率和抗渣性能,并且进行了XRD、SEM和EDS分析。结果表明:加入适量镁铝尖晶石粉后,由于改善了试样的成型密度,促进了试样的烧结,因而提高了试样的密度、强度、体积稳定性和抗渣性;但是,由于尖晶石和刚玉的热膨胀系数不同,加入过多的镁铝尖晶石粉会导致试样中产生过多的微裂纹,从而对试样的密度、强度、体积稳定性和抗渣性不利;本试验中,尖晶石粉的最佳加入量(质量分数)为10%;尖晶石加入量为10%的试样中有长度为30~80μm的SiC晶须生成,并且其颗粒与基质之间结合紧密。     

组成对镁质弥散型透气砖高温抗折强度和透气度的影响

通过四因素三水平正交试验,研究了≤0.2 mm电熔镁砂加入质量分数(0、3%、6%),≤0.044 mmα-Al2O3细粉加入质量分数(5%、8%、10%),≤0.044 mm电熔镁砂细粉加入质量分数(2%、4%、6%),≤0.044 mm Cr2O3细粉加入质量分数(0、1%、2%)对镁质弥散型透气砖高温抗折强度和透气度的影响。结果表明:4种材料对镁质透气砖高温抗折强度影响的大小顺序是:电熔镁砂(≤0.2 mm)>Cr2O3细粉>电熔镁砂细粉(≤0.044 mm)>α-Al2O3细粉;对镁质透气砖透气度影响的大小顺序是:电熔镁砂细粉(≤0.044 mm)>α-Al2O3细粉>电熔镁砂(≤0.2 mm)>Cr2O3细粉。综合考虑认为,不添加≤0.2 mm电熔镁砂,加入≤0.044 mm的α-Al2O3细粉、电熔镁砂细粉和Cr2O3细粉的质量分数分别为8%、4%和1%的方案最佳。     

不同造孔剂对方镁石-镁橄榄石隔热材料性能的影响

为了利用辽宁地区丰富的镁资源制备方镁石-镁橄榄石质隔热材料,以高纯镁砂(≤3 mm)、镁橄榄石(≤1 mm)、SiO_2粉(≤0.044 mm)为主要原料,在以菱镁矿粉(≤0.074 mm)为主要造孔剂的基础上,分别添加石墨(≤0.149 mm)、炭黑(≤0.044 mm)、聚苯乙烯球(1 mm)、聚丙烯塑料颗粒(1 mm)和木屑(1~2 mm)作为造孔剂,以亚硫酸纸浆废液作为结合剂,在2 MPa压力下压制成型,在110℃保温24 h干燥后,在1 550℃保温3 h烧成,然后检测烧后试样的显气孔率、体积密度、烧后线变化率、常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度,并分析典型试样的物相组成和显微结构。结果表明:1)添加上述造孔剂后,烧后试样的显气孔率增大,体积密度、常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度均减小;试样烧成后均发生收缩,其中,添加石墨的试样的收缩率最小(0.26%),添加木屑的试样的收缩率最大(1.47%);综合比较,添加炭黑的试样的综合性能最优。2)烧后试样的主晶相为方镁石、镁橄榄石及少量的钙镁橄榄石。3)添加粒径较大(1 mm)的聚丙烯塑料颗粒的试样烧后产生了较大的气孔,并且气孔分布不均均;添加炭黑的试样在显气孔率增大的同时仍具有较高的强度。     

Al2O3-SiC复相粉对Al2O3-SiC-C材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉(3～1、≤1、≤0.044 mm)、Al2O3-SiC复相粉(d50≤5μm)、α-Al2O3微粉(d50=1.2μm)、SiC粉(≤0.044 mm)、鳞片石墨(≤0.088 mm)、Si粉(d50=42.8μm)和B4C(d50≤10μm)为主要原料,热固酚醛树脂为结合剂,研究了分别用4%、8%、12%、16%质量分数的Al2O3-SiC复相粉等比例取代α-Al2O3微粉和SiC细粉对Al2O3-SiC-C试样在180℃固化后和1 000、1 500℃埋焦炭热处理后的显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、高温抗折强度(1 400℃)、抗热震性(1 100℃,水冷)以及抗氧化性(1 000、1 500℃)的影响。结果表明:随Al2O3-SiC复相粉加入量的增加,试样经180℃固化后常温性能下降,1 000℃热处理后常温性能变化不大,1 500℃热处理后除耐压强度显著提高外,其余各项常温性能变化不大;而高温抗折强度下降,抗热震性明显提高,试样经1 500℃氧化后的抗氧化性以加入4%质量分数复相粉的最佳。其原因可能是由于该复相粉的粒度更细,反应活性更高,其氧化层中更易生成莫来石,形成表面致密层从而有效地阻碍氧气向材料内部扩散。     

电熔锆刚玉对Al_2O_3-SiO_2系浇注料抗铅渣侵蚀性的影响

以特级高铝矾土(粒度为8～5、5～3、3～1和≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔棕刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5 μm)和SiO2微粉(≤1μm)为细粉,铝酸钙水泥(Secar 71)为结合剂制备了卡尔多炉直升烟道用Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料.用电熔锆刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)部分替代棕刚玉粉,采用静态坩埚法(1 300℃5 h,空气气氛)研究了添加物电熔锆刚玉的加入量(质量分数分别为4%、8%、12%、16%)对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料抗铅渣性的影响,对抗渣前后试样的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:加入锆刚玉后,浇注料的抗铅渣性能得到明显改善,其适宜加入量为8%;显微结构分析表明,铅渣对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料的侵蚀主要表现为铅渣中的PbO与Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料中的SiO2、CaO反应,生成硅酸铅或铅酸钙等低熔物而导致浇注料的损毁;而浇注料的添加物锆刚玉中的ZrO2未与PbO反应,从而使浇注料表现出良好的抗铅渣侵蚀性.     

石墨种类对超低碳MgO-CaO-C砖性能的影响

以电熔镁钙砂(粒度为5~3、3~1和≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔镁砂(≤0.074 mm)为基质,分别加入3%(w)的大鳞片石墨(≤0.149 mm)、细鳞片石墨(≤0.044 mm)、微孔化石墨(≤0.074 mm)制备了3种超低碳MgO-CaO-C砖试样,并对比了其高温强度、抗氧化性、抗热震性和抗渣侵蚀性。结果表明:(1)石墨种类对超低碳MgO-CaO-C砖的物理性能影响不大。(2)大鳞片石墨制备的超低碳MgO-CaO-C砖的抗氧化性和抗渣侵蚀性较好,而微孔化石墨制备的试样抗热震性最好;考虑到整体性能,碳源以1.5%(w)大鳞片石墨与1.5%(w)微孔化石墨的复合形式加入最佳。     

ZrO_2加入量对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉颗粒(6～3、3～1和≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔白刚玉粉(≤0.088和≤0.044 mm)、电熔尖晶石细粉(≤0.044mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5μm,d50=1.2μm)、纯铝酸钙水泥、单斜氧化锆(≤15μm,d50=6.2 μm)为基质,按骨料与基质质量比为70:30配料,基质中纯铝酸钙水泥的加入量(质量分数,下同)为3%、α-Al2O3微粉为6%、电熔尖晶石细粉为10%,用单斜氧化锆等量替代电熔白刚玉细粉,其加入量分别为0、2%、4%、6%和8%,加水混匀后振动浇注成25 mm×25 mm×125 mm的试样,于室温下养护24 h后脱模,经110℃24 h烘干后,分别经1 100、1 500、1 600℃热处理3 h.对各温度热处理后试样进行了常温物理性能、热态抗折强度、抗热震性能检测,并利用SEM对部分试样于1 400℃高温抗折强度试验后的断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明:(1)随ZrO2加入量的增加.刚玉-尖晶石浇注料于1 500和1 600℃处理后的常温抗折强度降低,显气孔率升高,故ZrO2的加入对材料的烧结性略有负面影响.(2)随zrO2加入量的增加,1 600℃处理后试样的热态抗折强度下降,但热态抗折强度在1 000℃以前变化较小,1 000℃以后明显降低.(3)ZrO2的加入改善了试样的抗热震性能,其质量分数为2%时,1 100℃水冷1次和3次后的强度保持率和残余强度最大.(4)本试验范围内ZrO2的最佳加入量为2%.     

电熔镁砂加入量对钢包用铝镁质透气砖性能的影响

为了实现钢包用透气砖的无铬化,以板状刚玉(6～3、3～1、≤1mm)为骨料,板状刚玉细粉(≤0.044mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5μm,d50=2.01μm)、镁铝尖晶石细粉(≤0.044mm)、电熔镁砂细粉(≤0.044mm)为基质,以纯铝酸盐水泥为结合剂,将骨料和基质的质量比固定为70:30,通过研究电熔镁砂细粉加入量(其质量分数1％、2％、3％、4％、5％)对铝镁质透气砖性能的影响,研制了铝镁质透气砖,与铬刚玉质透气砖的性能进行了对比.结果表明:加入质量分数2％的电熔镁砂细粉,试样的力学性能提高,抗热震性增强;进一步增大电熔镁砂细粉的加入量,由于原位镁铝尖晶石的生成量过多,微裂纹发展成为破坏性裂纹,试样的强度急剧降低,体积密度下降,试样的加热永久线变化增大,抗热震性先增强后减小,高温抗折强度下降.通过铬刚玉质透气砖和铝镁质透气砖性能及现场试用情况的对比,认为铝镁质透气砖可代替铬刚玉质透气砖使用,实现透气砖的无铬化.     

Synthesis of Al2O3-SiC powder from electroceramics waste and its application in low-carbon MgO-C refractories

Composite additives are an efficient means to improve the high-temperature stability and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C refractories. In this work, Al₂O₃-SiC powder was firstly synthesized from electroceramics waste by carbon embedded method at 1500°C, 1550°C, and 1600°C for 4 h, and then the as-synthesized Al₂O₃-SiC powder was used as an additive to low-carbon MgO-C refractories. The effects of its addition amounts of 0, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.% on the properties of the refractories were investigated in detail. It was found that increasing the heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the phase conversion of mullite and quartz to alumina and silicon carbide in the electroceramics waste. Furthermore, the addition of Al₂O₃-SiC powder effectively improves the performance of low-carbon MgO-C samples, and the formation of spinel dense layer and high-viscosity isolation layer is the internal reason for the improvement of the oxidation resistance and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C samples. This work provides ideas for the reuse of electroceramics waste and presents an alternative strategy for the performance optimization of low-carbon MgO-C refractories.     

复合添加氮化钛和铝粉对镁碳砖高温性能的影响

首先研究了氮化钛(TiN)加入量(分别外加质量分数1%、2%和3%)对镁碳砖高温性能的影响,然后在确定其加入量的基础上研究了复合加入TiN和Al对镁碳砖高温抗折强度、抗氧化性和抗渣侵蚀性等高温性能的影响,并分析了渣蚀后试样的化学组成及物相变化。结果表明:镁碳砖中外加TiN的质量分数以不超过2%为宜;TiN和Al复合加入到镁碳砖中,可使镁碳砖的高温抗折强度、防氧化效果和抗渣侵蚀性等高温性能均有很大提高,且以复合外加2%质量分数TiN和1%质量分数Al的镁碳砖试样综合高温性能最佳。     

AOD炉渣对MgO-C砖的侵蚀机理研究

不锈钢生产主要采用氩氧精炼(AOD)炉冶炼工艺,本文探究AOD炉渣对钢包内衬用MgO-C砖的侵蚀机理,为提高钢包内衬用MgO-C砖的使用性能和服役寿命提供理论支撑。结合FactSage6.2软件、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散光谱(EDS)等测试手段分析炉渣侵蚀后MgO-C砖的物相变化、显微结构和化学成分变化。结果表明,随着侵蚀反应的进行,方镁石逐渐被熔蚀,且逐步出现Ca₃MgSi₂O₈等低熔点物相,以及MgAl₂O₄等高熔点物相。AOD炉渣通过基质部分侵蚀渗透MgO-C砖,并与方镁石反应生成Ca₃MgSi₂O₈等低熔点物相,熔蚀方镁石;同时,方镁石边界处生成MgAl₂O₄,阻碍AOD炉渣对MgO-C砖的侵蚀渗透。     

Method of raw materials selection for production of the MgO-C bricks of comparable properties using PCA and K-medoids

MgO-C refractories are zonally installed in most of the key heat devices of steel and iron metallurgy with the exposure to various corrosive factors. One of the most significant factors is low-temperature decarburization resulting in the oxidation of carbon in MgO-C refractories and loss of its properties. Moreover MgO-C materials are exposed for direct attack of liquid slag or steel melt which easily infiltrate the porous, decarburized hot face of the bricks. Cost of MgO-C materials of high quality is important for refractories user. For this reason researches try to develop materials of high quality but with lower cost by substituting fused raw materials with sintered ones or with recycled MgO-C. In this article, method of selecting the raw materials for production of MgO-C bricks with comparable properties is shown. Twenty different variants of MgO-C materials were prepared with the use of various quality raw materials. Basic properties of the industrially produced MgO-C bricks were measured. To select recipes with similar quality principal components analysis method and K-medoids algorithm were applied. To verify the results corrosion resistance of selected MgO-C materials were tested with the use of induction furnace of medium frequency.     

Effect of different metal powder anti-oxidants on N220 nano carbon containing low carbon MgO-C refractory: An in-depth investigation

Effect of three different metal powder antioxidants, namely, Al, Si, and Mg was studied on the development of N220 nano carbon containing low carbon MgO-C refractory. The study was also extended to conventional MgO-C refractory compositions with 16% graphite content. All the refractory compositions were processed as per conventional MgO-C refractory manufacturing techniques and were evaluated for physical, mechanical, thermo-mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and static corrosion resistance against steel converter slag. Microstructural developments and in-situ ceramic phase formation in the compositions were also studied. The results show that nano carbon containing low carbon MgO-C refractory compositions have better properties than conventional composition and among the three anti-oxidants, the aluminum metal powder has shown the improved properties.     

Effect of coal slag on the wear rate and microstructure of the ZrO2-bearing chromia refractories

The typical properties of slag and refractories for slagging coal gasifier were investigated. In the range of 0–25% CaO/ash, the characteristic ash-fusion temperatures (AFTs) and viscosity of a coal-ash slag decreased with an increase of CaO additive. When the CaO/ash ratio was greater than 25% in the mixture of the coal and limestone, AFTs no longer reduced. The slag viscosity for limestone addition with CaO/ash = 25% was very low and in a narrow range (4–13 Pa.s) at coal gasification temperatures between 1300 °C and 1500 °C. However, corrosion resistance of the ZrO₂-bearing chromia refractories reduced with increasing CaO content in coal slag, especially for a slag with more than 30% CaO content. Increased chromia in three kinds of the ZrO₂-bearing chromia refractories resulted in increased corrosion resistance. The higher the Cr₂O₃ content and the lower the SiO₂ content, the less the deterioration of microstructures in the materials. Thermochemical spalling of the ZrO₂-bearing 80% Cr₂O₃ refractory after 807 operating hours of a coal gasifier was considered as the primary attack mechanism.     

电磁场作用下高铁渣对MgO-C耐火材料的侵蚀

电磁场会促使熔渣中的铁、锰离子与MgO-C耐火材料反应形成锰掺杂镁铁尖晶石相,为进一步研究锰掺杂镁铁尖晶石的生成形貌及特征,采用Fe2O3质量分数为53.62%、CaO与SiO2质量比为0.8的高铁渣,分别在有、无电磁场环境下,对碳质量分数为14%的MgO-C耐火材料进行渣蚀试验。结果表明:感应炉存在电磁场,使熔渣中部分Fe2+/Fe3+与镁砂中Mg2+发生置换形成镁铁尖晶石,其含有少量Mn2+离子;镁铁尖晶石中铁含量从渣蚀层到渗透层急剧降低,锰含量几乎维持不变;侵蚀后试样渗透层较明显。电阻炉无电磁场,则侵蚀后试样没有形成镁铁尖晶石,熔渣中Si、Ca渗透到方镁石晶格中,形成钙镁榄橄石低熔相,将镁砂溶解到熔渣中;渣蚀层有明显的MgAl2O4生成。     

Wear of MgO-C Refractories in EBT Type Furnaces Experienced at Iranian Mobarakeh Steel Plant

Mobarakeh Steel Company produces 3 million tons ofsteel annually with eight 180 tons EBT furnaces. Differ-ent types of magnesia-carbon refractories have been em-ployed at slagline during last 5 years. In the present studythe wear and corrosion of MgO-C refractories of these fur-naces have been studied via post-mortem analysis of usedbricks and the observation of operational effects. Laborato-ry corrosion tests were also arranged to investigate the effectof slag chemistry and the mechanism of chemical corro-sion. Characterization of different magnesia-carbon bricksclarified that the crystal size, type and chemistry of mag-     

Al2O3-ZrN-Sialon-C复相耐火材料抗渣侵性能研究

以板状刚玉、石墨、α-Al2O3、金属铝粉、单质硅粉为主要原料,ZrN-Sialon复相粉体为添加剂,采用酚醛树脂结合制备了Al2O3-ZrN-Sialon-C复相耐火材料.采用静态坩埚法研究了ZrN-Sialon复相粉体加入量对材料抗渣侵蚀性能的影响,借助SEM与EDS面扫描对渣蚀后材料的结构和成份进行分析,并探讨了Al2O3-ZrN-Sialon-C复相耐火材料的抗渣侵蚀机理.结果表明:ZrN-Sialon复相粉体加入量为9wt％时,材料表现突出的抗钢渣侵蚀性能.研究表明材料中Sialon氧化后生成的SiO2能形成致密的氧化保护层,同时ZrN氧化后形成的ZrO2有利于提高抗钢渣的浸润,阻止钢渣的渗透与侵蚀.分析认为Al2O3-ZrN-Sialon-C复相耐火材料的钢渣侵蚀机理为氧化-熔蚀-渗透.