防晒化妆品的国内外监管现状

介绍了中国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和欧盟关于防晒产品的相关法规,包括防晒化妆品的监管状态、宣称要求、防晒功效测试方法等并进行了对比分析。     

防晒化妆品市场发展趋势

论述了紫外线对人体皮肤的危害以及防晒化妆品的防晒机理.介绍了防晒化妆品的一些防晒保护的策略,提出了如何科学地选择防晒化妆品以及如何选择SPF值的建议.阐述了目前我国防晒化妆品的发展趋势,并就我国化妆品的监管工作进行了论述.     

2017—2021年我国进口防晒化妆品注册情况分析

通过查询国家药监局网站公布的化妆品批件信息，对2017—2021年我国进口防晒化妆品的批件数量、原产国、紫外线防御能力、剂型和配方中防晒剂等数据进行归纳、整理和分析。结果显示：2017—2021年五年间，我国共发放进口防晒化妆品批件3 057件，韩国是进口防晒化妆品的最大原产国；紫外线防御能力方面，SPF值未见明显增长，高PFA值产品占比有明显提高；进口防晒化妆品主要剂型为膏霜乳，喷雾剂有逐渐增加的趋势；产品配方中使用频率最高的防晒剂是安全系数相对较高的甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯。针对上述分析结果，结合文献报道、法规监管和社会热点等方面内容，进一步剖析以期全方位了解我国进口防晒化妆品情况，为我国化妆品市场监管和国内化妆品企业研发提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

防晒类化妆品中23种防晒剂使用情况及风险分析

为了解防晒类化妆品中防晒剂的使用情况,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对来自不同厂家的116批防晒类化妆品中使用的23种化学防晒剂进行测定,并对防晒剂的种类、频率和用量统计分析,比对检出情况与标签标识和批件的一致性,探讨市售防晒类化妆品的潜在风险点。结果表明116批防晒产品多以几种防晒剂复配使用,同时使用4种者最多;共检出18种防晒剂,其中,甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯使用频率最高,为86.2%;未发现防晒剂超量使用情况;13批样品实际检出成分与批件或标识成分不一致;在纳米原料和其他化学防晒剂的使用、标签标识与批件管理、产品功效与标识的一致性、复配防晒剂的使用和流通环节均可能存在风险隐患。因此,应认真对待上述风险,以保护消费者的健康,为防晒化妆品的科学监管提供参考。     

防晒及防晒用品

对防晒化妆品的概念及防晒的意义进行了综述。介绍了防晒化妆品的功能以及如何选购防晒化妆品。对防晒化妆品市场发展趋势进行了论述。并介绍了夏日的一些防晒措施以及正确的防晒化妆品的使用方法。     

我国防晒化妆品市场现状及趋势分析

<正>通过分析我国防晒化妆品销售额的发展变化及现状,对国内防晒化妆品市场进行调研,根据近年来头部销售平台的产品销售额与各方面因素进行分析,对国产防晒化妆品生产经销方提出建议,并对我国防晒化妆品产业未来进行展望。引言随着国内消费者对皮肤护理及防晒认知的不断提高,消费者使用防晒产品的场景和频次也逐渐增多。得益于此,中国防晒化妆品的市场规模逐年扩大。[1]本文对当下国内防晒化妆品市场现状进行整理归纳,并为众防晒化妆品生产经销商提供营销策略与生产思路。     

19 名女性防晒化妆品使用情况调查

选取日常使用防晒化妆品的女性19名作为研究对象,以问卷调查和称重计算的方式获取研究对象防晒化妆品的选择和使用相关数据,数据采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。研究结果表明,研究对象使用的防晒化妆品中近80%的产品SPF大于30,89.5%的产品同时宣称抗UVA功能。42.1%的研究对象选择了复合有改善肤色、遮瑕等功能的一类防晒化妆品。防晒化妆品使用部位分析结果显示,研究对象使用防晒化妆品部位主要包括面部(100%)、颈部(52.6%)、双臂(26.3%)。防晒化妆品不同使用部位的用量分析结果显示,仅使用在面、颈部的平均使用量中位数为0.22mg/cm~2;使用在多部位(面部、颈部、双臂、其他)的平均使用量中位数为0.17 mg/cm~2,两组平均使用量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同类型防晒化妆品的用量分析结果显示,单纯防晒类化妆品的平均使用量中位数为0.24mg/cm~2;美容修饰类防晒化妆品的平均使用量中位数为0.17mg/cm~2,两组平均使用量差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。     

防晒化妆品配方技术与市场发展

在大量实验的基础上 ,结合国内外的技术发展状况 ,讨论了防晒化妆品的配方设计要点(主要涉及产品剂型选择、防晒剂现状与使用、基质配方筛选等内容) ,就国内外防晒化妆品的防晒效果评价方法进行了简要说明 ,并对国内市场现状进行了考察 ,预测了今后防晒化妆品的市场发展趋势。     

2020年715批市售化妆品检测结果分析

按照《化妆品安全技术规范》（2015年版）中相应的方法及相关化妆品法定标准对某省2020年市场随机抽取的715批化妆品进行了检测,并对检测结果进行了多维度统计分析。结果发现不合格样品共计15批,不合格率为2.10%,不合格样品产地集中在广东,共涉及3个类别,分别为防晒类、氧化型染发类和面膜类产品。不合格问题主要有检出微生物超标、特殊化妆品检出结果与批件及标签标识比对不一致、超标使用染发剂等。监管建议为提高生产企业的准入门槛,同时提高生产及经营者的法律意识,加强包装上标识标签以及企业实际生产投料的监管力度。     

防晒剂的认知及选择

介绍了紫外线对皮肤的损伤以及防晒知识、防晒品的种类、性能以及防晒剂的使用要点。论述了防晒化妆品的正确使用方法以及防晒化妆品的选择。指出了在使用防晒化妆品时容易导致的误区。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。