治疗用质粒DNA的纯化工艺

目的探索适合大规模生产治疗用质粒DNA的纯化工艺。方法采用中空纤维柱收菌、碱裂解,再应用中空纤维柱浓缩质粒,经分子筛、亲和、离子交换等层析分离纯化质粒DNA,并应用凝胶电泳、PCR、核酸蛋白检测仪、BCA蛋白检测试剂盒和内毒素检测试剂盒对所纯化的质粒DNA进行全面检定。结果所获得的超螺旋质粒DNA达到样品总质粒的91.2%;质粒DNA总纯度为1.8;内毒素含量小于10EU/mg;几乎检测不到蛋白质残留,未检出基因组DNA残留。各项指标均符合有关质量标准。结论所采用的纯化工艺省时省力,制备的质粒DNA纯度高,适用于大规模生产治疗用质粒DNA。     

质粒DNA的大规模制备

质粒ＤＮＡ有重要的基因调节性能,直接注射裸露或用脂质体包埋的质粒ＤＮＡ常需要大量的质粒ＤＮＡ。当前广泛被采用的碱溶从细胞中提取质粒的方法有不少问题,其中纯化工艺产量较低是质粒大规模生产的主要瓶颈,因此设计和开发新型质粒生产方法具有重要的意义。     

基因治疗用质粒DNA的制备工艺

目的探索基因治疗用质粒DNA的制备工艺。方法以CaCl2沉淀法去除大分子RNA,Q-Sepharose和SOURCE两步离子交换层析法去除染色体DNA、小分子RNA、蛋白质等杂质,并对各步骤样品进行检测。结果质粒pIRVP3HNIL18终产品的产量为1.638mg质粒DNA/g细菌,纯度为1.839,相对回收率为12.55%,蛋白质含量为0.0028mg/ml,未检测到RNA和染色体DNA。结论此工艺可有效去除质粒DNA制备过程中产生的杂质,可应用于药剂水平质粒DNA的制备。     

治疗性双质粒HBV DNA疫苗的纯化与检定

目的研究双质粒HBVDNA疫苗(pS2.S和pFP)的纯化工艺,并建立质控标准。方法首先对两工程菌(DH5α/pS2.S和DH5α/pFP)的高效发酵菌体采用碱裂解法进行质粒初提;然后通过三步柱层析(依次为分子筛层析、亲和层析、阴离子层析)进行质粒纯化,并检测质粒含量、超螺旋比例、内毒素等,最后对终产品质粒溶液进行全面质量检定。结果质粒初提液通过分子筛层析后,去除了大量的RNA、宿主DNA、内毒素等,再经亲和柱纯化后获得了高比例的超螺旋质粒DNA,达95%,最后经阴离子柱层析有效去除内毒素,并浓缩了质粒,质粒得率为0.9～1.1mg/g菌,质粒总回收率达78%。三批终产品全面质量检定均符合规定。结论建立了稳定的双质粒HBVDNA疫苗(pS2.S和pFP)的纯化工艺及质量控制标准,为进一步研究奠定基础。     

提高内毒素去除效果的质粒DNA层析纯化工艺的优化

目的优化质粒DNA分子筛或离子交换层析工艺,提高内毒素去除效果。方法在经精胺沉淀初步纯化的质粒DNA溶液中,加入不同浓度的EDTA(5、10和20mmol/L)或SDS(0.1%、0.2%和0.5%),分别进行Sephacryl S-1000分子筛层析及Source30Q离子交换层析,收集质粒峰,测定内毒素含量。结果用含0.5%SDS的质粒溶液进行分子筛层析,用含10～20mmol/L EDTA或0.1%～0.5%SDS的质粒溶液进行离子交换层析,质粒DNA的内毒素含量均<5EU/mg。结论添加一定浓度的EDTA或SDS可提高质粒DNA分子筛层析或离子交换层析去除内毒素的效果。综合考虑安全性因素,推荐用含10mmol/L EDTA的质粒溶液进行Source30Q离子交换层析。     

基因治疗用pUC118-ski质粒DNA纯化工艺的建立及其质量控制

目的建立基因治疗用pUC118-ski质粒DNA的纯化工艺,并进行质量鉴定。方法采用碱裂解法粗提质粒,PEG/MgCl2沉淀法初步纯化后,依次通过Sepharose 6 FF分子筛层析、PlasmidSelect Xtra亲和层析和SOURCE30Q离子交换层析纯化质粒DNA。纯化的质粒DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析超螺旋质粒的比例;紫外分光光度计测定质粒的A260和A280值,以A260/A280比值评价其纯度;CCK-8法检测质粒促原代培养的大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活性;BCA法和鲎试剂凝胶法分别检测质粒DNA中残留的蛋白质和内毒素含量;PCR法检测质粒中细菌基因组DNA的含量。结果经Sepharose 6 FF分子筛层析可有效去除质粒DNA中的RNA,经PlasmidSelect Xtra亲和层析能将超螺旋质粒DNA(scDNA)与开环质粒DNA(ocDNA)有效分离,经SOURCE30Q离子交换层析获得的质粒DNA纯度很高,但出现了少量ocDNA。获得的质粒DNA纯品中超螺旋质粒所占比例大于90.5%;纯度(A260/A280)为1.83;促原代培养的大鼠成纤维细胞的增殖活性与空载体组相比提高了22.9%(P<0.05),与纯化前的质粒促细胞增殖活性一致;内毒素含量小于50 Eu/mg;几乎检测不到蛋白质残留;细菌基因组DNA残留量小于1.2μg/mg。结论建立了基因治疗用pUC118-ski质粒DNA的纯化工艺,纯化产品的质量指标均符合国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)的标准,为申请该基因药物的临床试验及大规模制备质粒DNA奠定了基础。     

基因疫苗用质粒DNA生产下游工程的概述

<正> 基因治疗的研究和基因疫苗的开发被认为是人类医学史上的两大突破。第一批基因治疗药品很快将要面市,预计到2010年,此类药品的市场收益将达到45000000$。这两种技术都需要通过载体将外源基因导入宿主细胞并整合在宿主基因上,通常使用的载体有病毒载体和质粒DNA载体,其中病毒载体在安全性方面存在不少隐患,例如可能激活致癌基因,因此人们将开发的重点放在质粒DNA载     

肿瘤基因疫苗纯化工艺的建立

目的建立肿瘤基因疫苗的纯化工艺,为肿瘤基因疫苗的工业化生产奠定基础。方法采用碱裂解法粗提质粒DNA,利用凝胶过滤层析、亲和层析及离子交换层析分离纯化质粒DNA,并对所纯化的质粒DNA进行全面检定。结果经3种层析柱纯化所获得的超螺旋质粒DNA,其A260与A280的比值在1.85～1.92之间;超螺旋质粒DNA比例不低于94%;内毒素含量远低于10EU/mg;5批纯化的质粒DNA经全面检定,均符合国家质量标准。结论该纯化工艺制备的肿瘤基因疫苗纯度高,且有效去除了内毒素。     

小鼠神经生长因子基因治疗型DNA质粒的质量控制

目的对小鼠神经生长因子(NGF)基因治疗型DNA质粒进行质量控制。方法用酶切鉴定法和PCR法进行DNA质粒的结构确认,鸡胚背根神经节法和免疫印迹测定DNA质粒表达产物的生物学活性,分光光度法测定浓度,琼脂糖凝胶电泳法和DNA-NPR-HPLC法测定纯度,气相色谱法测定乙醇和异丙醇残留量,琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定RNA残留量,其余检测项目按《中国药典》三部(2005版)规定进行。结果用上述方法对原液和成品进行了检定,各项指标均符合《预防用DNA疫苗临床前研究技术指导原则》和《中国药典》三部(2005版)的要求。结论所采用的质控方法和质量标准能够保证该DNA质粒的安全、有效,可用于治疗型DNA质粒的质控。     

一种靶向治疗肺癌的TV-BIKDD质粒的纯化及检定

目的提取、纯化靶向治疗肺癌的质粒TV-BIKDD,并进行质量检定。方法采用碱裂解法对工程菌DH5α/TVBIKDD菌体进行质粒初提,通过两步整体柱层析(离子柱层析和疏水柱层析)进行质粒纯化,并检测质粒含量、DNA超螺旋比例;用该方法连续纯化3批以超螺旋质粒DNA为样品的溶液制剂,对纯化后的质粒进行质量检定。结果质粒初提液经离子柱层析纯化后,去除了大量的RNA和蛋白质,再经过疏水柱层析纯化,最终获得的质粒DNA超螺旋比例为95.21%以上,质粒总回收率为78%。纯化后的3批溶液制剂全面质量检定结果均符合美国FDA标准以及我国人基因治疗用产品的技术指导原则规定。结论建立了稳定的TV-BIKDD质粒的纯化工艺,为进一步制备临床药用级样品的规模化工艺研究奠定了基础。     

Formation mechanism for hexagonal-structured self-assemblies of nanocrystalline titania templated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

Hexagonal-structured self-assemblies of nanocrystalline (anatase) titania templated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(16)H(33)N(CH(3))(3)Br; CTAB) (Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton) were formed after mixing of aqueous solutions containing CTAB spherical micelles and titanium oxysulfate acid hydrate (TiOSO(4).xH(2)SO(4).xH(2)O) as a titania precursor in the absence of any other additives. Formation mechanism of the Hex-ncTiO(2)/CTAB Nanoskeleton was examined in terms of the reaction temperature, titania precursor/CTAB mixing ratio, surfactant type, electrostatic interaction, micelle formation and molecular component. We found that crystal growth of crystalline (anatase) titania (polymorphic crystallization) was promoted with higher temperature and lower titania precursor content in aqueous solutions. In addition, we revealed that the crystalline (anatase) titania was formed in polycation, poly(allylamine hydrochloride ([CH(2)CH(CH(2)NH(2))HCl](n); PAH), and formamide (HCONH(2)) solutions. On the other hand, no titania formation was observed in anionic systems such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (CH(3)(CH(2))(11)OSO(3)Na; SDS) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate ([C(8)H(7)SO(3)Na](n); PSSS). This indicates that hydrolysis reaction of the titania precursor is initiated by not only cations but also nitrogen atoms in molecules and polymers. Hexagonally structure was formed in only cationic surfactant micellar solutions but not in polycation solutions and formamide.     

伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺的优化

目的优化伤寒Vi多糖柱层析纯化工艺,以替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法。方法采用DEAE离子交换层析柱,分别在缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为6.0、7.0和8.0的条件下纯化1批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,并与传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法进行比较。按《中国药典》三部(2010版)要求检测纯化样品的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小及内毒素含量,并计算样品的多糖回收率。采用优化的DEAE柱层析纯化工艺纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖,验证该工艺的稳定性。结果 DEAE离子交换柱缓冲液(20 mmol/L Tris-Cl)pH值为7.0和8.0时,可有效将伤寒Vi多糖的杂质与纯化产物分离,多糖回收率分别为36.52%和38.35%,明显高于传统工艺的多糖回收率(15.52%),且纯化产物的内毒素含量(10 EU/μg)明显低于传统工艺(200 EU/μg)。以优化工艺(pH 7.0)纯化3批伤寒Vi多糖粗糖获得的6批精糖的蛋白质含量、核酸含量、O-乙酰基含量、分子大小、内毒素含量及多糖回收率差异较小,标准偏差均小于5%。结论优化了伤寒Vi多糖柱层析的纯化工艺,该工艺稳定性良好,可替代传统苯酚抽提、乙醇分级沉淀法,应用于伤寒Vi多糖的纯化。     

Harnessing metal ion affinity for the purification of plasmid DNA

The recent surge in plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine research has generated demand for an efficient large-scale pDNA purification process. In this study, three process intensification strategies harnessing the interactions of pDNA, RNA and endotoxin with immobilised and/or free transition metal ions were investigated for the purification of plasmid pcDNA3.1D, containing dengue fever antigenic gene (NS3), from the alkaline cell lysate. In the first process scheme, alkaline cell lysate was applied to Cu²⁺-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) for simultaneous removal of RNA and endotoxin. Subsequent addition of CuCl₂ to the supernatant afforded selective precipitation of pDNA, resulting in substantially purified pDNA at an overall recovery yield of 92% with significant reduction in RNA (96%) and endotoxin (>99%). In the second process scheme, pDNA, RNA and endotoxin were first isolated from other impurities in alkaline cell lysate by CuCl₂ precipitation. Addition of EDTA to the precipitated pellets selectively solubilised pDNA and RNA while endotoxin remained insoluble. Subsequent application of solubilised pDNA and RNA to Cu²⁺-IDA resulted in highly purified pDNA with almost complete removal of RNA and any residual endotoxin (∼100% pDNA recovery, ∼100% removal of RNA and endotoxin). In the third process scheme, RNA and endotoxin were first removed from alkaline cell lysate by ZnCl₂ precipitation. pDNA in the supernatant was then recovered by CuCl₂ precipitation (64% pDNA recovery, 86% RNA and >99% endotoxin removal). In essence, the combination of metal ion (CuCl₂) precipitation, followed by immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) employing Cu²⁺-IDA, provides a great potential to achieve significant intensification of pDNA purification process with improved efficiency and throughput.     

曙红Y共振光散射法测定水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵

利用共振光散射(RLS)技术,通过曙红Y与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)缔合产生强烈共振光散射增强效应,建立了一种测定阳离子表面活性剂CTAB的方法.实验结果表明,在pH=4.96的柠檬酸钠-盐酸缓冲介质中,采用吐温80作为曙红Y -CTAB体系的稳定剂,痕量CTAB的加入导致曙红Y在440～ 600 nm波长内的共振光强度增加,最大RLS峰位于538 nm处,其强度与CTAB的质量浓度在0～40 mg·L-1内成正比,检出限为0.012 mg·L-1.方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性,可用于水样中CTAB的测定.     

蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化流感病毒工艺的优化

目的优化蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化流感病毒的工艺参数。方法在不同进样量(600、700和800 ml)时,检测经蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化后各紫外检测峰的糖浓度、血凝滴度及卵清蛋白含量,并对血凝滴度大于1∶480的检测峰样品进行蛋白质含量和血凝素含量检测,确定最佳收峰位置、糖度范围及病毒浓缩液进样量;在不同比例的30%和50%的蔗糖溶液、不同离心时间(2、3和4 h)条件下对流感病毒浓缩液进行蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化,检测纯化后的病毒纯化液蛋白质、血凝素及卵清蛋白含量,计算蛋白质含量与血凝素含量比值及血凝素回收率,确定最佳离心时间。结果确定最佳收峰位置为第三峰,糖度范围为30%~50%之间;当病毒浓缩液进样量为600~700 ml时,30%蔗糖溶液进液量为450~550 ml,55%蔗糖溶液进液量为400~500 ml,转速为90 639×g离心3 h后,可获得最佳纯化效果。结论确定了蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化流感病毒的最佳工艺参数,为进一步提高流感病毒的纯化效果提供了参考。     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏荧光法测定痕量镁

以甲醇作溶剂在pH值为9并有表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基铵增敏条件下,以桑色素为荧光指示剂测定水中的Mg~(2 )。最优条件为激发波长470nm,发射波长541nm。线性回归方程为y= 351．19x-0．037,线性范围0．0-0．18mg·L~(-1)。用于水样中Mg~(2 )的测定,结果令人满意。     

治疗性双质粒HBV DNA疫苗制剂的稳定性

目的考察治疗性双质粒HBV DNA疫苗制剂A、B的稳定性。方法按照《中国药典》三部(2010版)方法,对治疗性双质粒HBV DNA疫苗制剂A、B分别进行影响因素试验、加速试验、长期试验,在不同条件下考察样品的基本性状,特别检测质粒DNA的超螺旋比例及进行细胞学转染试验和体内药效学试验。结果双质粒HBV DNA疫苗制剂在破坏性因素的影响下,于光照(4 500±500)Lx、高温(40和60℃)、反复冻融(-20℃←→4℃和-20℃←→RT)条件下5 d均不稳定;匀速振动(140和240 r/min)10 d不稳定;在(25±2)℃、相对湿度(60±10)%的条件下放置1个月不稳定;在温度2~8℃条件下放置2年保持稳定。结论双质粒HBV DNA疫苗制剂对光照、温度敏感,应避光低温保存,避免反复冻融,适合现代快速长途运输,长期保存应在2~8℃条件下,暂定二年有效期,为治疗性双质粒HBV DNA疫苗的临床用样品的运输和保存提供了依据。     

Polymerization of vinyl acetate in microemulsions stabilized with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

The polymerization of vinyl acetate in microemulsions stabilized with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or mixture of these surfactants is examined. The polymerization rate diminishes as the surfactant mixture becomes richer in DTAB. Also, particles grow with conversion and become increasingly larger as the DTAB content in the mixture increases. Our results indicate that chain transfer reactions to monomer are more important than chain transfer reactions to polymer even at high conversions with CTAB. However, as the content of DTAB increases, bimolecular termination induced by coagulation, terminal double bond polymerization and chain transfer reactions to polymer become increasingly more important.     

Synthesis of open porous emulsion-templated monoliths using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

In recent years, open porous materials (polyHIPEs) have attracted more and more attention because of their specific properties and applications in biological tissue scaffolds, catalysis supports and ion-exchange resin. However, the surfactants used in this type material were limited to nonionic surfactants or the mix of nonionic surfactant and ionic surfactant. In this work, firstly well-defined polyHIPEs were synthesized by W/O emulsions with ionic surfactant alone (e.g., CTAB). Furthermore, the polyHIPEs with much higher pore volume (14.7 cm³ g⁻¹), uniform pore diameter and cell size were obtained by this method. Both the median pore diameter and average cell size of the polyHIPEs rose with increase of DVB concentration and/or water fraction.