恶性疟原虫合子表面蛋白Pfs25毕赤酵母双启动子表达系统的构建及表达

目的构建恶性疟原虫合子表面蛋白Pfs25毕赤酵母双启动子表达系统并进行表达。方法应用基因重组技术构建含pfs25基因的醇氧化酶启动子1(Alcohol oxidase promoter 1,AOX1)重组质粒pICpfs25和三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶启动子(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAP)重组质粒pGAPpfs25,取酶切鉴定和测序正确的重组质粒电转化毕赤酵母菌GS115,获得毕赤酵母重组体ICpfs25和GAPpfs25,并构建含两种启动子的酵母重组体IC-GAP/2pfs25,甲醇诱导pfs25基因表达,Western blot分析表达产物的反应原性,ELISA分析各重组体表达上清中Pfs25蛋白的含量。结果各重组体的表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析均可见相对分子质量约25 000的Pfs25蛋白条带,双启动子重组体Pfs25蛋白的表达量约占表达上清的70%,明显高于单一启动子重组体,且双启动子重组体Pfs25蛋白的表达量随着补加甲醇量的增加而逐渐增加;各重组体的表达产物均可与小鼠抗Pfs25单抗4B7特异性结合;双启动子重组体表达上清的ELISA反应明显强于其他重组体表达上清。结论已构建了恶性疟原虫合子表面蛋白Pfs25毕赤酵母双启动子表达系统,两种启动子共同作用可明显提高目的蛋白的表达量。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的在毕赤酵母中分泌表达猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(porcine circovirus 2,PCV2)Cap蛋白。方法将PCV2-Cap蛋白基因(Gen Bank登录号:KC620508.1)按毕赤酵母偏好密码子优化后,插入毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体p PICZαA中,重组质粒p PICZαA-Cap经SacⅠ线性化,通过电击转化整合至毕赤酵母GS115菌株的基因组中,构建p PICZαA-CapGS115重组酵母菌。经甲醇诱导表达重组Cap蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE、Western blot和间接ELISA法进行鉴定。结果重组表达质粒p PICZαA-Cap经双酶切和测序证明构建正确;重组酵母菌p PICZαA-Cap-GS115经菌落PCR鉴定,可扩增出1 001 bp的目的基因片段;表达的重组Cap蛋白相对分子质量约49 000,可与猪圆环2型阳性血清和小鼠抗His单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。结论成功利用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达了PCV2 Cap蛋白,表达的重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性,为PCV2亚单位疫苗和ELISA诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

白细胞介素-10基因多拷贝表达盒的构建及在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的构建白细胞介素-10(IL-10)基因多拷贝表达盒,提高IL-10在毕赤酵母中的表达水平。方法体外构建重组表达载体αIL-10/pAO815,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ双酶切获得目的基因表达盒(AOX-αIL-10),再连接到BglⅡ酶切位点处,依次构建多拷贝重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815。从质粒pPIC9K上用NdeⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切获得Kan抗性基因,重组到多拷贝表达载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815上。重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815电转化毕赤酵母,PCR筛选含有IL-10基因的酵母转化子,甲醇诱导表达,对表达量高的转化子再次经重组载体n(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815-Kan电转化,高浓度G418抗性筛选二次酵母转化子,使用甲醇诱导表达。ELISA测定IL-10含量,MC/9细胞测定IL-10活性。结果所构建的8拷贝表达盒的重组载体8(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815和4拷贝表达盒4(AOX-αIL-10)/pAO815-Kan,转化子分泌表达IL-10水平最高,为(8.25±1.65)mg/L,比活性为1.465×105U/mg。结论已成功构建了高拷贝表达盒,并提高了IL-10在毕赤酵母中的表达水平。     

HIV-1 Vpu蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达和纯化

目的在毕赤酵母中表达并纯化人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)辅助调节蛋白Vpu。方法从质粒p CDNA3.1-vphu中PCR扩增vphu基因,插入毕赤酵母表达载体p PICZαA,构建重组表达质粒p PICZαA-vphu,转化巴斯德毕赤酵母野生型X33菌株,经甲醇诱导表达带有6×His标签的重组Vpu蛋白。表达产物经Ni-Agarose 6×His标签纯化柱纯化。表达和纯化产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。结果重组表达质粒p PICZαA-vphu经双酶切和测序鉴定证明构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约16 000,主要存在于细胞内;纯化后杂蛋白减少,与抗VPU抗体和抗His标签抗体均可结合,浓度为224μg/ml。结论利用毕赤酵母表达系统成功表达并纯化了HIV-1 Vpu蛋白,纯化的蛋白具有良好的抗原活性,为进一步研究其结构和功能以及靶点药物筛选模型的建立奠定了基础。     

应用毕赤酵母表达中国株HIV-1核心蛋白Gag

目的 构建含HIV-1Gag全长基因的重组酵母表达质粒pPICGAG，并在毕赤酵母中进行表达。方法用Not I和XhoI将含HIV－1 Gag全长基因的质粒pKSGAG双酶切后，克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9中，构建了重组表达质粒 pPICGAG。pPICGAG用 SacI线性化后，电转化毕赤酵母 GS115，PCR鉴定阳性酵母转化子，并分别将PCR阳性的酵母转化子在BMGY和BMMY培养基中进行诱导表达，表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析。结果 酵母转化子的整合率为72．7％。SDS-PAGE结果显示表达蛋白的相对分子质量为55000左右，与预计计算的值相同。Western blot结果显示表达蛋白能与单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。结论 在毕赤酵母中成功地表达了HIV-1核心蛋白Gag，且表达的蛋白具有良好的反应原性和特异性。     

人LIGHT-Fc融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达及鉴定

目的利用酵母表达系统制备人LIGHT-Fc融合蛋白。方法利用基因工程方法构建含人LIGHT胞外段基因和人Ig G4 Fc基因的重组质粒p PIC9K-LIGHT-Fc,经SalⅠ线性化后电转化感受态酵母菌GS115,PCR鉴定重组转化子。将阳性重组转化子经甲醇诱导表达后,RT-PCR法检测目的基因的转录水平,SDS-PAGE及Western blot法进行表达产物的鉴定。结果表达质粒p PIC9K-LIGHT-Fc经酶切及测序鉴定,证明构建正确。10个重组子均为Mut+型阳性转化子,经甲醇诱导后可扩增出特异性目的基因片段。表达的重组LIGHT-Fc融合蛋白相对分子质量约45 000,可与鼠抗人LIGHT多克隆抗体发生特异性结合。结论人LIGHT-Fc融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中已成功获得了表达,为进一步开展其生物学功能的研究奠定了基础。     

HSV-1 stocker株糖蛋白G基因膜外区毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及序列分析

目的构建Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒型特异性包膜糖蛋白G基因膜外区毕赤酵母表达载体,并进行序列分析。方法PCR扩增HSV-1-gG基因的膜外区,克隆于pGEM-T载体,转化DH5α,提取质粒酶切鉴定后,与pPIC9K载体连接,转化DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,鉴定后转化GS115菌,构建酵母表达载体。对克隆的序列进行分析,预测表达产物的理化特性、抗原性及表达形式。结果获得的重组酵母表达载体pPIC9K-gG,测序结果证实为HSV-1-gG基因,序列分析其高度保守,预测蛋白相对分子质量15870,等电点pI为4.72,包含全部膜外区分值达1.7的6个强抗原决定簇,将以可溶性形式分泌表达于胞外。结论已成功构建HSV-1stocker株糖蛋白G基因膜外区毕赤酵母表达载体。     

人乙醛脱氢酶2基因在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

去除自行构建的质粒pPIC9K-07ALDH2的信号肽(α-Factor)得到质粒pPIC9K-ALDH2-delsign,采用电转化方法将该质粒转化到Pichia pastorisSMD1168中构建得到能在胞内高效表达人乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)的基因工程菌株Pichia pastorisSMD1168(pPIC9K-ALDH2-delsign)。利用该重组毕赤酵母摇瓶发酵得到的发酵液的人ALDH2的酶活为0.315 U.mL-1,明显高于胞外表达时人ALDH2的酶活;经过亲和色谱分离纯化后的人ALDH2酶液的酶活为0.944 U.mL-1。     

核心蛋白聚糖在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性检测

目的利用巴氏毕赤酵母真核表达系统表达人核心蛋白聚糖DCN,并检测其抗肿瘤活性。方法利用DCN的特异引物,通过RT-PCR扩增人DCN基因,与载体pPIC9K连接,将序列正确的重组体扩增后,酶切线性化,通过醋酸锂法转化酵母菌HIS-/GS115,G418筛选阳性克隆,用含1%甲醇的BMMY培养基诱导表达,并观察纯化的表达产物对人肝母细胞瘤细胞(HepG2)增殖的影响。结果表达产物作用于HepG2细胞后,与对照组相比,细胞增殖数量及速度均显著降低。随着表达产物浓度的升高及作用时间的延长,抑制作用也增强,并表现出浓度和时间依赖性关系。细胞形态学观察表明DCN对HepG2生长有明显抑制作用。结论已成功构建了pPIC9K-DCN真核表达载体,并表达了有活性的蛋白产物。     

猪血清白蛋白基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的克隆猪血清白蛋白(PSA)基因,并在毕赤酵母中分泌表达。方法Trizol法提取新鲜猪肝组织总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增PSA全长cDNA,克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZaC,构建重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA,电转化至毕赤酵母X33,甲醇诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。结果重组表达质粒pPICZaC-PSA经双酶切及测序鉴定正确,表达的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析,在相对分子质量约69500处可见特异条带,表达量为菌体总蛋白的29.5%,紫外吸收法测定蛋白含量为0.06mg/ml,并可与PSA多抗发生特异性反应。结论已成功克隆了PSA基因,并在毕赤酵母中获得表达。     

Biomass estimation using fluorescence measurements in Pichia pastoris bioprocess

The utilisation of tryptophan fluorescence as an indirect biomass measurement for the yeast Pichia pastoris, an excellent host system for the production of heterologous proteins, is presented. Direct fluorescence measurements for cell densities above 3 g dm^?3 presented important interferences due to inner filter effects. To overcome this drawback, a dilution protocol is provided which allows the quenching of the emission signal caused by solid particles to be controlled. The measured tryptophan fluorescence intensities were used to estimate biomass concentration during a P pastoris batch bioprocess growing either on glycerol or methanol. The best measurement model tested was based on the application of a Luedeking–Piret‐based equation to fluorometric measurements. Thus, a linear relationship between the specific fluorescence evolution rate and specific growth rate was applied. The mean absolute relative prediction error (MARE) for biomass concentration was about 6%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Functional expression of horseradish peroxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris

The ability to engineer proteins by directed evolution requiresfunctional expression of the target polypeptide in a recombinanthost suitable for construction and screening libraries of enzymevariants. Bacteria and yeast are preferred, but eukaryotic proteinsoften fail to express in active form in these cells. We haveattempted to resolve this problem by identifying mutations inthe target gene that facilitate its functional expression ina given recombinant host. Here we examined expression of HRPin Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through three rounds of directedevolution by random point mutagenesis and screening, we obtaineda 40-fold increase in total HRP activity in the S.cerevisiaeculture supernatant compared with wild-type, as measured onABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)](260 units/l/OD₆₀₀). Genes from wild-type and two high-activityclones were expressed in Pichia pastoris, where the total ABTSactivity reached 600 units/l/OD₆₀₀ in shake flasks. The mutantsshow up to 5.4-fold higher specific activity towards ABTS and2.3-fold higher specific activity towards guaiacol.     

碱性纤维素酶基因在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达及重组酵母菌发酵工艺的优化

目的克隆碱性纤维素酶基因,构建酵母整合型表达质粒,在巴氏毕赤酵母中表达,并对重组菌的发酵工艺进行优化。方法应用PCR技术从嗜碱性芽孢杆菌ATCC21833中扩增碱性纤维素酶基因,克隆至酵母整合型表达载体pGAPZαA中,构建重组表达质粒pGAPZαA-ATCC21833,并转化至巴氏毕赤酵母GS115。通过单因素实验及正交实验,确定重组酵母的最佳发酵培养基。在20L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵,观察碳源对批式发酵的影响,并检测在4种流加方式(连续恒速流加、间歇匀速流加、间歇递减流加、维持底物浓度流加)下的菌体干重及发酵液中的酶活性。结果重组表达质粒pGAPZαA-ATCC21833经酶切及DNA测序证明构建正确,其基因序列与嗜碱性芽孢杆菌KSM-635的碱性纤维素酶基因序列一致。最佳发酵培养基组成为6%葡萄糖、2%硫酸铵、12g/L磷酸二氢钾。碳源浓度对于重组酵母菌体生长及产酶至关重要。SDS-PAGE表明表达产物的相对分子质量约为103000。维持底物浓度的流加方式可获得最高的菌体干重(29.8g/L)及酶活力(24U/ml)。结论已成功构建了表达碱性纤维素酶的巴氏毕赤酵母工程菌,并确定了维持底物浓度的流加方式为最佳发酵方式。     

Continuous production of thrombomodulin from a Pichia pastoris fermentation

A rotary membrane separation system was used in a continuous fermentation of Pichia pastoris with cell recycling to obtain high cell concentration and high thrombomodulin production. The dilution rates of this continuous fermentation were between 0·25 and 0·35 dm³ day⁻¹, and the production process was maintained for 10 days. Since cells were recycled and only part of liquid broth was taken from the system, a very high cell concentration level (248 g dm⁻³) was obtained. The peak protein expression level was at 72 h after methanol induction, was 300 mg dm⁻³ (3·6 × 10⁵ activity unit cm⁻³) and the total harvested supernatant was three times the working volume.     

High-level expression of bovine beta-lactoglobulin in Pichia pastoris and characterization of its physical properties

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) variant A has been expressed in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris by fusion of the cDNA to the sequence coding for the alpha-mating factor prepro-leader peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. P. pastoris Mut+ transformants were obtained by single cross-over integration of the BLG-containing vector into the AOX1 locus. In a fed-batch fermenter, a cell density of approximately 300 mg/ml was achieved by controlled glycerol feeding for a total of 24 h. After 72 h of methanol induction, the secreted BLG reached levels of > 1 g/l. The secreted protein could be purified to homogeneity by ion- exchange chromatography. Amino-terminal sequencing of the secreted BLG revealed that the Glu-Ala spacer repeats inserted between the mature protein and the alpha-factor prepro-leader were still present. The purified protein was characterized by a number of methods, including CD spectroscopy, guanidine-HCl unfolding, crystallization and two- dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy. By all of these measures, the physical characteristics of recombinant BLG were indistinguishable from those of the native purified bovine BLG, making it useful as a model for protein folding and other biophysical studies.      

人甲状旁腺素在甲醇毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

选用酵母偏爱的密码子,人工合成长度为282bp的人甲状旁腺素(hPTH)基因,将其克隆于M13载体中,DNA测序验证正确。通过PCR从含有hPTH基因的M13载体获得了该基因,将其插入到含有AOX1启动子和α因子信号肽序列的表达载体pPIC9K中,构建了重组质粒pPIC9K-hPTH,电击法转化甲醇毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115菌株,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明在9 3kDa处有明显的诱导蛋白带,与报道的hPTH的相对分子质量相近;酶联免疫沉淀法(ELISA)检测证明表达的蛋白具有hPTH免疫活性为132ng/L。