探讨储油罐防腐的施工方法及控制策略

储油罐腐蚀极易导致储油罐穿孔和石油泄漏问题,不但会影响石油企业的经济效益,还会给企业的工作人员和外部环境造成影响,为了避免储油罐出现泄露现象石油企业需要应用相应的施工方式。为此,本文分析了储油罐防腐的施工方法和储油罐防腐的控制策略,旨在为储油罐防腐工作的进行提供参考意见。     

储油罐防腐的施工方法及施工控制

在进行石油存储的过程中,储油罐内部物质与外部的空气以及土壤等物质进行接触而产生化学反应,导致储油罐出现泄漏,从而导致极为严重的后果出现。为了保证石油的安全运输,必须提升储油罐的防腐水平。本文对当前储油罐的腐蚀现状进行研究,并提出储油罐防腐的施工方法,通过有效的控制提高储油罐的防腐水平,提升储油罐的质量。     

储油罐防腐施工方法及施工质量控制的途径探讨

储油罐是石油企业进行石油存储和运输的重要设施,储油罐的防腐对企业有着重要的意义。本文主要分析了储油罐防腐施工的不同方法以及质量控制措施,以供相关人员参考。     

储油罐内底板与底圈壁板腐蚀分析与防护研究

当前,随着我国石油行业的迅猛发展,石油的开采和储备成为了石油行业工作的重心和重点。在石油储备过程中,储油罐的防腐与防护工作就成为了石油储备工作中的重中之重。本文对储油罐进行了简要阐述,并分析出储油罐受到腐蚀的原因,并针对储油罐腐蚀原因,着重探讨了储油罐内底板与底圈壁板防腐措施研究,旨在为储油罐防腐技术的提升,及我国石油行业能够更加健康、稳步的发展,做出自己应有的贡献。     

浅谈储油罐防腐的施工工艺和技术标准

随着石油工业的不断发展,我国在石油储存方面的能力也不断地提高,但是在储油罐防腐施工工艺方面需要进一步加强。本文通过对储油罐防腐施工的主要内容及控制要点进行阐述,分析了储油罐防腐施工工艺,并提出了储油罐防腐施工的相关技术标准。     

浅谈油田储油罐防腐措施及应用

随着我国石油需求度的不断增加,储油罐得到了广泛地应用。而石油的结构及成分颇为复杂,在实际储存的时候必须要结合实际情况做好防腐措施。文章主要针对油田储油罐防腐措施展开具体探究,对油田储油罐腐蚀原因、防腐措施进行重点分析,并由此对油田储油罐防腐措施的应用做出简单概述。     

浅谈油田储油罐防腐措施及应用

石油的构成成分较为复杂,因此,在储存石油的过程中要做好防腐措施。随着石油的增加,储油罐得到充足的运用。在对石油采取防腐措施时,必须要结合实际情况选择防腐措施。因此,本文将对油田储油罐防腐措施及应用进行深入的研究。     

储油罐防腐的施工方法及控制策略

当前,我国在储油罐腐蚀问题上形势较为严峻,储油罐因腐蚀发生穿孔和石油泄露的事故频繁发生,致使石油企业蒙受了极大的经济损失,对周围环境也造成了极大的破坏。而在储油罐防腐工作中,施工质量直接影响到储油罐的防腐性能,因此,为了确保储油罐的防腐性能得到最大保证,就必须加强施工质量的管理及控制。     

储油罐防腐层施工质量问题与控制

石油资源是国家建设及人们日常生产生活中必不可少的资源之一,随着石油需求量的不断扩大,对石油开发、加工及运输工作的开展提出了更为严格的要求。储油罐是石油存储和运输中必不可少的工具,但是石油本身具有一定的腐蚀性,长期使用储油罐容易使得储油罐的罐壁受到腐蚀,为了改善腐蚀现象,需要针对储油罐的腐蚀问题开展相应的防腐蚀施工,不断提高防腐蚀施工的质量,延长储油罐的使用寿命。本文通过探讨储油罐防腐层施工质量问题与控制措施,为相关工作的开展提供参考。     

储油罐腐蚀及其防护措施探究

随着科技的不断发展,储油罐的防腐技术也得到了相应的提高。对于目前的储油罐防腐技术来说,虽然有一定程度上的提高,但储油罐防腐技术发展的过程中也遇到了瓶颈。为了能够延长储油罐的使用时间,本文从储油罐的设计以及保护的实际做法出发,依据了浮顶储油罐和拱顶储油罐两种油罐的腐蚀现状进行分析,研究导致储油罐腐蚀的根本原因,并对于储油罐的防护措施提出了几点建议。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.