重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)免疫效果的观察

目的进一步观察重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)的免疫效果。方法选择江苏省响水县某中心小学学生及教师,经筛查HBsAg、antiHBs和antiHBc均为阴性的98名作为观察对象,使用10μg重组乙肝疫苗(CHO细胞),按0、1、6个月3针免疫程序进行免疫效果观察。结果全程免疫后1个月,85名学生中,抗HBs阳性83名,阳转率为97.65%,GMT为172.50mIU/ml,最高可达498.12mIU/ml。男性、女性的抗HBs阳转率分别为97.50%和97.78%,GMT分别为170.11和148.42mIU/ml。结论10μg重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)应用于小学生,免疫效果良好。     

两种重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫儿童后的抗体应答和免疫持久性

目的比较5μg/剂重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酵母)和10μg/剂重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)免疫儿童后的抗体应答和免疫持久性。方法1151和996名6￣12岁儿童分别按0,1,6月免疫程序接种14批酵母疫苗和5批CHO疫苗,于第1针免后3(T3)、7(T7)、12(T12)、24(T24)、36(T36)、60(T60)月检测抗-HBs应答,分别对接种10批酵母、5批CHO,4批酵母、4批CHO,2批酵母和2批CHO疫苗的儿童进行首针免疫后T24、T36和T60的随访,采用放免法(RIA)检测抗-HBs水平。结果首针免疫后12个月内,接种两种疫苗的儿童抗体阳转率和抗体滴度差异均无显著意义;T24、T36时,接种CHO疫苗的儿童抗体阳转率显著高于酵母疫苗。结论应提高酵母疫苗免疫儿童现用剂量。     

重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗(60μg)抗-HBs阳转率及接种反应

目的观察重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗(60μg)抗-HBs阳转率及接种反应。方法对河北省承德市滦平县89名(男52名,女37名)因按常规免疫程序(0、1、6)接种重组酵母乙肝疫苗(10μg)未产生免疫应答者重新接种重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗(60μg)2针次,间隔4周。分别于末次免疫后1和6个月采血,分离血清,采用乳胶化学检测法检测抗-HBs水平,并计算阳转率;分别于首次和末次免疫后30 min及72 h内,观察局部(疼痛、瘙痒、硬结)和全身(发热、乏力、腹泻)不良反应。结果末次免疫后1个月,男性抗-HBs阳转率为96%,女性为97%,末次免疫后6个月,男性抗-HBs阳转率为98%,女性为100%,男女抗-HBs阳转率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),免疫2针次后,抗-HBs阳转率接近100%。首次和末次免疫后30 min及72 h内,局部和全身不良反应发生率均未超过6%。结论重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗(60μg)可提高按常规程序接种乙肝疫苗未产生免疫应答人群的抗-HBs阳转率,且疫苗接种后局部和全身不良反应发生率较低,可推广使用。     

乙型肝炎疫苗不同途径和剂量接种后的免疫效果

对136名乙型肝炎血清学标志全部阴性的儿童随机分为不同途径、不同剂量组和对照组,按0、1、6个月的程序接种乙型肝炎血源疫苗,接种后随访观察2年。全程免疫后12个月,肌肉注射10μg组、5μg组和皮内注射2μg组,抗-HBs阳转率分别为100％、100％和89.47％;抗-HBs浓度分别为286.44、172.97和126.87mIU/ml。2年时,各组抗-HBs阳转率和浓度均出现不同程度的下降;疫苗保护率分别为87.57％、83.03％和81.35％。未发现严重不良反应。     

乙型肝炎疫苗和卡介苗同时或分别接种的抗-HBs持久性

对乙肝疫苗和卡介苗同时或分别接种的抗-HBs的持久性进行了研究。同时接种组(1组)和分别接种组(2、3A、3B组)的抗-HBs阴转率和GMT均无显著差异,提示乙肝疫苗和卡介苗可以同时接种。抗-HBs的持久性与全程免疫后抗-HBs的峰值呈正相关,峰值<100 mIU/ml者,3年后有43.48％抗体转阴。建议全程后抗-HBs<100 mIU/ml者,3年后宜加强一针。     

不含硫柳汞重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)的免疫原性及稳定性

目的观察不含硫柳汞重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)的免疫原性及其稳定性。方法配制12批不含硫柳汞的重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞),观察其免疫原性及在4、22和37℃保存不同时间的稳定性。结果该疫苗各项检测指标均符合《中国药典》三部(2005版)要求,实验组与对照组的效价测定结果差异无显著意义。10μg/ml疫苗22℃放置6个月和4℃放置12个月效力均未下降;20μg/ml疫苗在37℃放置4周后,效力略有下降。结论为婴幼儿提供了一种更加安全有效的重组乙型肝炎疫苗。     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗不同剂量免疫效果观察

应用重组痘苗病毒表达的乙肝疫苗共免疫2150人。10μg和5μg组免后24个月，抗体阳转率分别为98.36％和96．33％，二组无明显差异；抗体水平分别为176．70mIU／ml和132．00mIU／ml，两组间有明显差异。2．5μg组抗体阳转率为76．47％，抗体水平为88.98mIU／ml，均明显低于上述两组。与相同剂量的血源疫苗组比较，各组间无统计学差异。     

成人乙型肝炎疫苗多次免疫无应答者再接种甲乙型肝炎联合疫苗的免疫效果

目的探讨成人乙型肝炎疫苗免疫对策。方法对多次免疫后抗-HBs仍为阴性的228名研究对象接种甲乙型肝炎联合疫苗,按0、1、6个月20μg×3免疫程序进行免疫,于210d抽血,采用放射免疫法进行抗-HBs检测。结果228名乙型肝炎疫苗多次免疫无应答者,接种甲乙型肝炎联合疫苗后,抗-HBs阳性172名,阳转率75.44%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为197.20m IU/ml。结论对成人乙型肝炎疫苗多次免疫无应答者,增加接种剂量或接种甲乙型肝炎联合疫苗,可提高抗-HBs阳转率。     

乙型肝炎基因工程疫苗的反应及效果观察

应用重组痘苗病毒表达的乙肝基因疫苗接种了100名7～9岁儿童。采用0、1、2月免疫程序,3个不同剂量组(20,10及5μg)均产生较高的抗体阳转率:3个月时大于96％、9个月时均达100％,免后2年仍在85％以上。9月时抗体水平达高峰,其抗体GMT分别为540.4(20μg),556.8 (10μg)及392.3m(?)u/ml(5μg)。没有观察到严重的副反应。与酵母重组疫苗(Merck产品)和血源疫苗的免疫效果比较无明显区别。表明重组痘苗病毒表达的乙肝疫苗是安全、有效的。     

乙型肝炎血源疫苗加强免疫后2年的抗体应答

应用乙型肝炎血源疫苗，按0、1、2月免疫程序，每一次接种10μg，接种后5年的抗体阳转率为72．0％，平均抗HBs水平为40．5mIU／ml。在接种后5年加强免疫1次（10μg），1个月后的抗体阳转率升高到97.3％，平均抗-HBs水平升高到548．8mIU，／ml（详见本刊1991，4（4）；181）。本文是报道加强免疫后2年的抗体应答。共采集血样65份，应用美国Abbott试剂盒，SPRIA方法检测，抗体阳转率为90．8％，平均抗-HBS水平为362.3mIU／ml。与加强免疫后1个月的抗体水平无明显差异，仍能维持在较高水平。对其中抗体阴转的6例又进行了HBsAg和抗-HB…     

不同形式脊髓灰质炎病毒颗粒的免疫原性

目的评价不同形式的脊髓灰质炎病毒(poliovirus,PV)颗粒的免疫原性。方法采用蔗糖密度梯度超速离心法分别将经56℃加热1.5 h处理和未经加热的PV进行分离纯化,收集相应组分,进行电镜观察及SDS-PAGE分析,并测定各组分的D抗原及蛋白含量。用不同PV颗粒组分分别免疫大鼠,均经腿部肌肉注射,共接种3次,每次间隔21 d,于免疫前和第1、2次免疫后21 d经眼眶采血,末次免疫后21 d经心脏穿刺采血,分离血清,微量细胞病变(CPE)抑制法检测血清中抗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型PV中和抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)。结果未经加热处理的PV可分离获得EP(蔗糖浓度16%~19%)和FP(蔗糖浓度22%~24.5%)两种病毒颗粒,电镜观察分别为空心颗粒和实心颗粒,EP经SDS-PAGE分析可见VP0、VP1和VP3病毒蛋白条带,FP可见VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4条带;经56℃加热处理的PV可分离获得HP(蔗糖浓度15%~17%)一种病毒颗粒,电镜观察为空心颗粒,SDS-PAGE分析可见VP0、VP1、VP2、VP3病毒蛋白条带。EP、FP免疫大鼠后,均可诱导产生针对PV的中和抗体,但EP诱导产生的中和抗体GMT低于FP;HP不能诱导产生中和抗体。结论未经加热的PV可分离获得EP和FP两种病毒颗粒,均具有免疫原性;经加热处理的PV仅分离获得HP一种病毒颗粒,不具有免疫原性。     

Char morphology and behaviour of Australian vitrinites of various ranks pyrolysed at various heating rates

This study concerns the relative importance of rank and heating rate on the development of plasticity during pyrolysis of several Australian vitrinites. Dispersed vitrinite particles, 100 μm in diameter, were heated to 1000 °C in nitrogen at linear heating rates ranging from 10^?1 to 10⁴ °Cs^?1 in a special electrical strip furnace. When pyrolysed at 10⁴ °C s^?1 all vitrinites became plastic and vesiculated except for vitrinite from anthracite, and gelinite from brown coal. The greatest plasticity developed in bituminous-rank vitrinite. Brown coal textinite and the lower-rank sample of the two subbituminous-rank vitrinites behaved similarly, whereas the behaviour of the higher-rank subbituminous coal resembled that of the semi-anthracite sample. At heating rates of 10^?1 °C s^?1 all the vitrinites retained their original morphologies. Cenospheres began to form in the vitrinites within the heating rate range of 1 °C s^?1 (for bituminous rank) to 10² °C s^?1 (for brown coal and semi-anthracite ranks). During pyrolysis, the differences in plastic behaviour attributable to rank could largely be eliminated by changing the heating rate by two orders of magnitude. The effects attributable to plasticity related to increasing heating rates reach a limit within five orders of magnitude of heating rate (for the conditions used in this study).     

瓷枕种种

0前言就“瓷枕”二字而言,顾名思义显然是瓷质品,是供人垫头睡的东西,所谓“卧时蔫首之具也。”但是,不管用任何贵的原料制成之枕,要算木制品最早了。因为“枕”字是书“木”字边的,这显然是无疑的,其他任何类的原料制成之枕,都是在木质枕之后才产生的。而瓷质枕又是在陶质枕之     

Pozzolanic activity of various siliceous materials

The accelerated pozzolanic activity of various siliceous materials, like silica fume, fly ash (as received and fine ground), quartz, precipitated silica, metakaolin and rice husk ash (RHA; various fineness and carbon content), has been determined. The compressive strength of accelerated tests has been compared with cubes cured in water at 7 and 28 days. Maximum activity has been observed in case of RHA (<45 μ), followed by quartz and silica fume. The 10% replacement of cement by sand has shown accelerated pozzolanic index of 92% compared with 85% required in ASTM for silica fume as mineral admixture.     

子午线轮胎成型机简介

介绍子午线轮胎成型机的沿革及各类成型机的基本结构和工作原理。指出国内在用的子午线轮胎成型机发展较快，现有二次法成型机、二鼓式一次法成型机、三鼓式一次法成型机及四鼓式一次法成型机，其中二次法成型机因无法保证产品质量的均一性，部分轮胎生产厂已不用其生产全钢载重子午线轮胎；一次法成型机中四鼓式一次法成型机由于有两个机械鼓来完成定型及反包，生产效率大大提高。     

百草枯生产工艺的发展和简析

众所周知，灭生性除草剂百草枯从1961年上市以来已有40余年的历史，至今仍有很强的生命力。它的特点是对叶绿体层膜有很强的破坏力，一经接触植物体，就会使其光合作用和叶绿素合成过程立即停止。但该药无传导作用，只使着药部分受害；当同土壤接触时，即被吸附分解而失去活性，对植物的根部和土壤里潜伏的种子无伤害作用。百草枯在牧草更新、稻茬麦免耕田、稻茬菜免耕田清茬处理、玉米、甘蔗、棉花、蔬菜田行间定向处理、非耕地清除杂草以及棉花等收摘时脱叶等方面都有广泛应用。它对土壤表层植物根系无害，并可在除草后防止水土流失。因此…     

Oxidation studies of various petroleum cokes

In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy has been used to evaluate various coke samples ranging from very Isotropic to ultrapremium needle-like in terms of their oxidation characteristics. Three major modes of attack were identified:

• 1.a) low-temperature (375°C) shallow pitting, which predominated in isotropic materials
• 2.b) high-temperature (525°C) deep pitting, which appeared to be associated with highly anisotropic structures and
• 3.c) edge recession, which occurred with all cokes but was most apparent with anisotropic structures.

A rationale is presented which accounts for the behavior of isotropic and anisotropic cokes in oxygen     

Programmed-temperature pyrolysis of vitrinites of various rank

Nine vitrinites separated from coals of various rank (69–93% carbon, daf) were studied by programmed-temperature pyrolysis. Samples were heated at 11°C/min in a stream of helium which swept the pyrolysis products into a flame-ionization detector. With the experimental system used this responds only to hydrocarbons below C₁₀. For all the vitrinites the curve of detector response as a function of temperature showed a single maximum and the temperature of the peak maximum was found to be located at higher temperatures for the higher-rank samples. The temperature of the peak maximum was not very sensitive to rank between 70% and about 90% carbon but varied rapidly outside this range. This suggests that the mechanism which generates low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons from coal changes above approximately 90% carbon.     

Interaction of nafion ionomers toward various solvents

Interactions of Nafion (Naf) ionomer with water, aqueous ethanol (EA), aqueous isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and aqueous ammonia were investigated by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–infrared (IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and computational modeling studies. Microstructural features by ATR–IR revealed the existence of hydrophilic interaction of Naf with all solvents. The Naf membranes formed hydrogen bonds with water, aqueous EA, and IPA. The incorporation of solvents on the Naf matrix impaired the crystallinity, which was highest in the case of IPA. Of all the microsolvated structures of Naf investigated, the formation of H₃O⁺ ions was evident; in addition, H₅O₂⁺ ions appeared in the alcohol–water mixture, and NH₄⁺ ions were observed in the water–ammonia mixture along with a direct ion pair with the SO₃^? group in Naf. Theoretical studies based on computational modeling disclosed that the interchain distance increased with enhanced interactions (hydrophobic interactions in particular), and this was in good agreement with the highest swelling ratio of the Naf membrane in aqueous IPA and EA solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013