Ag-SiO2-CeF3：Tb3+复合纳米粒子的制备与发光性质

采用简单的液相法在室温下制备了均匀球形的Ag-SiO₂-CeF₃：Tb³⁺核-壳结构纳米复合发光粒子,并对其结构和性能进行了表征。测试结果表明：Ag-SiO₂表面包覆上了结晶良好的六方晶系的CeF₃：Tb³⁺。Ag-SiO₂-CeF₃：Tb³⁺纳米复合粒子为球形,尺寸约为45~60 nm,该纳米复合粒子与CeF₃：Tb³⁺一样具有良好的特征绿光发射,均以544 nm附近的Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₅跃迁为最强发射峰,内核贵金属Ag纳米粒子对CeF₃：Tb³⁺发光起到了一定的猝灭作用。Ag-SiO₂-CeF₃：Tb³⁺复合材料在生物检测、疾病治疗方面具有潜在的应用。     

CeO_2纳米棒及纳米八面体的制备及生长机理分析

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为起始原料、Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O分别为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了CeO2纳米八面体和纳米棒,并且对Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O不同体系中pH值的影响作了分析研究。通过XRD、FESEM、TEM等方法对CeO2纳米棒和纳米八面体样品分析结果表明,在Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O系统中,初始时CeO2八面体与纳米棒共存,但随着水热时间的延长,在Na5P3O10体系中以CeO2八面体成为主要产物,而在Na3PO4·12H2O体系中以CeO2纳米棒为主要产物;在pH值约为2的条件下,两系统中均只有纳米棒生成。研究得出,Na5P3O10水解产生的HPO2-4是CeO2纳米八面体形成的主要原因,而Na3PO4·12H2O水解产生的H2PO-4是纳米棒形成的主要原因。     

凹凸棒土负载CeO2催化氧化处理亚甲基蓝染料废水

采用均相沉淀法,以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,HMT为沉淀剂,制备了ATP/CeO2纳米复合材料.并以H2O2为氧化剂,利用该复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料模拟废水进行了催化氧化处理,分别考察了催化剂的投加量及CeO2的负载量对MB降解的影响规律.研究结果表明,负载CeO2凹凸棒土纳米复合催化剂的催化活性明显高于相同条件下制备的纯的CeO2,CeO2负载量及ATP/CeO2的投加量分别为40%和0.2g时,最大降解率可达96%,对亚甲基蓝表现出较强的催化活性.     

CaF2:Yb3+/Er3+/X(X= Li+, Na+, K+)近红外二区发光性能研究

利用热分解法制备了CaF₂:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺纳米颗粒,通过改变Yb³⁺和Er³⁺的掺杂浓度对其近红外二区(NIR-II)发光性能进行调节,研究结果表明,当Yb³⁺掺杂浓度为20%,Er³⁺掺杂浓度为2%时,在980 nm光源激发下,NIR-II发光性能最强,且纳米颗粒分散性良好,尺寸均匀。然后,进一步研究了不同的碱金属离子(Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺)共掺杂对其NIR-II发光性能的影响,研究结果表明,Li⁺掺杂因不利于纳米颗粒成核导致NIR-II发光性能降低,Na⁺和K⁺掺杂均有利于NIR-II发光性能提升。相比而言,K⁺离子半径更大,更有利于破坏晶体场的局部对称性,因此,在K⁺共掺杂的情况下NIR-II发光性能最强。     

YVO4∶Eu3+,Bi3+红色荧光粉的水热合成及其荧光性能

以Y₂O₃、Eu₂O₃、Bi(NO₃)₃·H₂O、浓HNO₃、偏钒酸铵、氨水、无水乙醇和一缩二乙二醇为原料,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助水热法合成YVO₄: Eu³⁺, Bi³⁺纳米颗粒。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和荧光光谱(FL)等手段对产品进行了表征和分析。结果表明：合成的样品为YVO₄: Eu³⁺, Bi³⁺纳米颗粒,均具有四方晶相结构,其微结构随反应溶液的的pH值变化。YVO₄: Eu³⁺, Bi³⁺纳米颗粒在619 nm处有较强的红光发射(电偶极跃迁⁵D₀→⁷F₂),在594 nm有较弱的橙光发射(磁偶极跃迁⁵D₀→⁷F₁)。随着Eu/Bi比值的增大材料的荧光先增强后减弱,在Eu/Bi比值为5时样品的红光发射最强。溶液的pH值影响YVO₄: Eu³⁺, Bi³⁺纳米晶的发光强度,其中pH值为10时的样品其红光发射最强。并探讨了YVO₄: Eu³⁺, Bi³⁺纳米晶的发光机理。     

改性纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解重金属废水的研究

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,硝酸铈为改性剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同稀土Ce掺杂量(0,0.3%,0.6%和0.9%(摩尔分数))的改性纳米TiO2粒子。采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、PL和光催化测试等,研究了不同稀土Ce掺杂量对纳米TiO2粒子物相结构、微观形貌、光谱性能和光催化性能的影响。结果表明,制备出的纳米TiO₂粒子均为锐钛矿相,且结晶度较高;掺入稀土Ce后,纳米TiO₂粒子的形貌逐步变为规则的球形,晶粒得到了细化,当稀土Ce的掺杂量为0.6%(摩尔分数)时,TiO₂粒子的晶粒尺寸最为规则,分布最为均匀;稀土Ce掺杂的纳米TiO₂粒子的吸收边带发生了红移,吸收边带增大,稀土Ce的掺杂有效抑制了电子-空穴对的复合;稀土Ce改性纳米TiO₂粒子对重金属废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的降解效率得到了明显提高,当稀土Ce的掺杂量为0.6%(摩尔分数)时,纳米TiO₂在180 min时的降解效率最高为92.7%,相比纯纳米TiO₂的降解效率,提高了16...     

绿色长余辉发光材料MgGa2O4:Mn2+的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了MgGa₂O₄:xMn²⁺(x=0.5%,1%,3%,5%)系列绿色长余辉发光材料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、发光光谱、余辉光谱、热释光谱等表征手段对其长余辉发光性能进行了研究。样品的发射光谱的结果表明,Mn²⁺在509 nm处的特征发射峰,对应Mn²⁺离子的⁴T₁(⁴G)→⁶A₁(⁶S)电子跃迁,随着Mn²⁺掺杂浓度的增加,其发光强度先增强后减弱,掺杂浓度为3%时样品具有最好的发光性能;掺杂浓度为1%时其余辉强度最强,余辉时间可以持续1h以上;热释光谱在342 K附近出现一个宽峰,这表明样品存在大量的陷阱,这有利于捕获被激发的电子,形成长余辉发光。     

微波均相法制备CeO_2纳米带

研究了以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,利用微波均相法制备氧化铈纳米带的方法和结果,考察了聚乙二醇含量以及尿素与Ce(NO3)3·6H2O物质的量比对前驱物及其煅烧产物形貌的影响。结果表明:当聚乙二醇浓度为10g/L,尿素与Ce3+的物质的量比为12∶1时,采用微波均相合成法制得的CeO2前驱体及煅烧产物结晶良好,一维带状结构明显。     

LDO/CeO_2纳米复合材料的合成及性能研究

以水热法合成出的Mg-Al类水滑石为载体,用Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和HMT作原料,水热合成出LDO/CeO2纳米复合材料,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品结构和形貌进行了表征。此外,以H2O2为氧化剂,研究了该复合材料对罗丹明B模拟废水的催化氧化性能,结果表明,相同条件下制备出的LDO/CeO2纳米复合材料比纯CeO2具有更高的催化活性;当CeO2的负载量为50%,LDO/CeO2的投加量为0.2g时,罗丹明B模拟废水的降解接近完全,且催化剂重复使用5次后,脱色率仍保持85%以上。     

CaF2:20Yb2Er/Na@CaF2:Ce纳米材料近红外二区发光性能研究

利用热分解法制备了CaF₂:20Yb2Er/Na@CaF₂:Ce纳米颗粒，并对其NIR-Ⅱ发光性能和荧光寿命进行了探讨。研究结果表明，在980 nm光源激发下，其NIR-Ⅱ发光性能强度约为CaF₂:20Yb2Er的68倍，且位于1 525 nm处的荧光寿命为2.29 ms。该体系Yb³⁺作为敏化剂，Er³⁺作为激活剂，Na⁺共掺杂使晶体场的局部对称性改变，核壳结构的构建使发光中心的荧光猝灭最小化，壳层结构引入Ce³⁺可以使得Er³⁺与Ce³⁺在界面处产生交叉弛豫。由此可见，将离子共掺杂和构建核壳结构两种策略结合起来更有利于NIR-Ⅱ发光性能的提升。综上，CaF₂:20Yb2Er/Na@CaF₂:Ce纳米颗粒在生物成像领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O