血粉水解及在肉制品中的应用

用中性蛋白酶水解血粉,研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、pH、反应时间、反应温度对血粉水解蛋白得率的影响,通过实验确定最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度为6%,反应时间为4h,加酶量为1.6mL,pH为7.0,反应温度为65℃。水解后的血粉液添加到火腿中代替瘦肉,通过实验可知,1%的水解血粉可代替3%猪肉且效果较好。      

碱性蛋白酶提高玉米醇溶蛋白乳化性的研究

采用Alcalase水解玉米醇溶蛋白以提高其乳化性,通过单因素实验对水解条件进行优化,研究了底物浓度、反应温度、加酶量、pH及水解时间对玉米醇溶蛋白乳化性的影响。实验得出最佳反应条件为底物浓度2%,反应温度45℃,加酶量2200U/g,pH8.0,反应时间80min。所得产物的乳化性为0.558,与未经水解的玉米醇溶蛋白乳化性相比提高了5.26倍。      

Protamex蛋白酶水解牛肉研究

为使Maillard反应能精确地朝实验期望的方向发展,通过分析牛肉的基本成分,用Protamex蛋白酶水解牛肉,研究了反应温度、水解液pH值、E/S和底物浓度对水解度的影响,运用正交试验法确定最佳酶解条件为:反应温度为55℃、底物浓度为16.0%、反应pH值为6.5和酶用量为2.4%.在此基础上,酶解反应时间为6 h,水解度为11.0%.同时,检出了的酶水解产物中共有17种氨基酸.     

酶解小麦面筋蛋白及其组分功能特性研究

利用木瓜蛋白酶对谷朊粉功能特性进行改良,在pH7.0的条件下,研究时间对水解度的影响以及水解度对乳化活性和溶解度的影响,水解度为2.4%时,乳化活性可以达到72.5%.通过响应面实验,研究酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对谷朊粉乳化活性和溶解性的影响,探索木瓜蛋白酶水解谷朊粉提高乳化性和溶解性的最佳反应条件,分析发现5个因素对谷朊粉乳化性的影响由强到弱的顺序为酶浓度、谷朊粉浓度、时间、温度和pH值.最佳水解条件为:酶浓度0.475%、反应温度60℃、反应时间1.63 h、pH6.6、底物浓度4%,此时的水解度为4.32%、乳化活性为63.4%、溶解度则为19.04%.经过超滤(10 ku)后得到的截留组分乳化活性与酶解面筋蛋白接近.     

小麦面筋蛋白酶解特性研究

采用风味蛋白酶对小麦面筋蛋白进行深度水解,通过单因素实验,分析了底物浓度、温度、pH、酶用量、反应时间对水解度和蛋白质提取率的影响,并通过正交实验确定制备酶改性小麦面筋蛋白的最佳工艺参数为:底物浓度5%,T=50℃,pH6.5,酶用量=80LAPU/g,水解时间7h。反应最终可得水解度和蛋白质提取率均很高,且没有苦味的植物蛋白水解液,其中酶解液的水解度可达28.03%,蛋白质提取率可达52%。     

小麦面筋蛋白酶解特性研究

采用风味蛋白酶对小麦面筋蛋白进行深度水解,通过单因素实验,分析了底物浓度、温度、pH、酶用量、反应时间对水解度和蛋白质提取率的影响,并通过正交实验确定制备酶改性小麦面筋蛋白的最佳工艺参数为:底物浓度5%,T=50℃,pH6.5,酶用量=80LAPU/g,水解时间7h。反应最终可得水解度和蛋白质提取率均很高,且没有苦味的植物蛋白水解液,其中酶解液的水解度可达28.03%,蛋白质提取率可达52%。      

超声处理对玉米蛋白酶解效果影响的研究

通过单因素实验考察了超声处理对玉米蛋白水解度的影响;并在单因素实验的基础上,通过对超声波功率、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比、水解时间进行四因素三水平正交实验,确定了在超声波作用下玉米蛋白最佳的酶解条件。结果表明,超声处理不改变玉米蛋白水解过程中底物浓度、酶浓度、反应温度、反应时间与水解度之间关系的变化趋势,但能使水解度明显提高。在超声波作用下,玉米蛋白酶解的最佳反应条件为:超声波功率200W,玉米蛋白粉浓度6%,酶与底物浓度比0.7%,pH9.0,55℃下水解1h。此时,玉米蛋白的水解度为25.14%,比对照提高了14.68%。     

超声处理对玉米蛋白酶解效果影响的研究

通过单因素实验考察了超声处理对玉米蛋白水解度的影响;并在单因素实验的基础上,通过对超声波功率、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比、水解时间进行四因素三水平正交实验,确定了在超声波作用下玉米蛋白最佳的酶解条件。结果表明,超声处理不改变玉米蛋白水解过程中底物浓度、酶浓度、反应温度、反应时间与水解度之间关系的变化趋势,但能使水解度明显提高。在超声波作用下,玉米蛋白酶解的最佳反应条件为:超声波功率200W,玉米蛋白粉浓度6%,酶与底物浓度比0.7%,pH9.0,55℃下水解1h。此时,玉米蛋白的水解度为25.14%,比对照提高了14.68%。      

碱性蛋白酶水解提高谷朊粉乳化性的研究

利用碱性蛋白酶对谷朊粉乳化性进行改良，研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对谷朊粉乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响，在此基础上通过正交实验，探索碱性蛋白酶水解谷朊粉提高乳化性的最佳反应条件。分析发现五个因素对谷朊粉乳化性的影响由强到弱的顺序为：底物浓度、反应时间、酶浓度、pH值和反应温度。最佳水解条件为：底物浓度为10．0％，反应时间为4h，pH值为8．0，反应温度为60℃；此时谷朊粉的水解度为3．2％，乳化活性为77．02％，乳化稳定性为78．56％，比水解前乳化性有明显提高。     

木瓜蛋白酶提高谷朊粉乳化性的研究

利用木瓜蛋白酶对谷朊粉乳化性进行改良,研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、pH值、反应时间、反应温度对谷朊粉乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响,在此基础上通过正交实验,探索木瓜蛋白酶水解谷朊粉提高乳化性的最佳反应条件。分析发现五个因素对谷朊粉乳化性的影响由强到弱的顺序为:谷朊粉浓度、酶浓度、温度、时间和pH值。最佳水解条件为:谷朊粉质量分数11.0%,酶浓度25μl/g谷朊粉,反应时间为2.0 h,pH值7.0,反应温度55℃;此时谷朊粉的水解度3.5%,乳化活性72.4%,乳化稳定性75.5%,比水解前乳化性有明显提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the