竹原纤维产品抗菌整理与性能研究

对竹原纤维的抗菌与抑菌性及抗菌整理进行了研究,发现竹原纤维并不如有关文献所述具有很强的抗菌抑菌性.经过抗菌整理后,竹原纤维的抗菌性得到了很大提高,且对竹原纤维的物理性能影响较大.合适的抗菌剂才能渗入竹纤维的中腔中,并使之具有较持久的抗菌抑菌性.     

真丝织物的花椒提取物抑菌整理

采用热回流方法，以水作为溶剂对花椒进行提取，并将其用于真丝织物的抗菌整理，测试了花椒提取物的抑菌性，并评价了整理后面料的抑菌效果。最佳的整理工艺为：提取物质量浓度为20 g/L，浴比1∶20，整理温度80℃，整理时间20 min。用花椒提取物整理后的真丝织物具有良好的抑菌效果，抑菌率可达93.23%。     

棉织物的茶多酚抗菌整理

采用茶多酚（，rP）对棉织物进行抗菌整理，通过正交试验，优化整理工艺条件，即TP浓度8g／L，pH值6．5，浸渍温度50℃，NaCl浓度20g／L。对整理后织物的抑菌效果及其它性能进行的测试证明，茶多酚整理后的棉织物具有明显的抑菌效果及较好的服用性能。     

壳聚糖衍生物及其纳米粒的抗菌性能研究

利用壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物及相应纳米粒对织物进行抗菌整理，研究整理织物的抗菌作用。结果显示，纳米材料整理后的织物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌作用最强，经壳聚糖衍生物整理的织物抑菌性能大于壳聚糖；试验研究使用不同交联剂对抑菌性能的影响的结果表明，柠檬酸和酒石酸混和交联剂整理的织物抗菌效果强于单一柠檬酸交联剂。     

茶多酚对涤纶织物的抗菌消臭整理研究

植物提取剂茶多酚主要有抗菌、除臭及防紫外线等作用,可以使织物获得抗菌消臭以及紫外线防护等性能。文中利用茶多酚对涤纶织物进行整理,并利用CuSO_4进行后媒整理,通过单因素法研究了茶多酚对涤纶织物的高温高压处理工艺最佳条件,测试了整理织物的抗菌消臭及耐水洗性。结果表明,茶多酚整理涤纶织物时酸性或碱性过强,均不利于茶多酚吸附在涤纶织物上;茶多酚溶液为碱性时,整理后织物的抑菌和消臭率较高。对茶多酚整理后的织物进行CuSO_4后媒处理,织物的抑菌率和消臭率均大幅提升,可以赋予织物良好的抗菌消臭性能,且具有较好的耐水洗性。     

天然植物源金樱子抑菌黏胶纤维及面料开发

通过将天然植物源金樱子提取物与黏胶纺丝液共混纺丝,选取最佳提取物溶解度、纺丝液共混比例,开发金樱子抑菌黏胶纤维。然后采用赛络紧密纺纺纱工艺,开发金樱子抑菌黏胶纱线,并以菱形提花组织为例,采用金樱子抑菌黏胶、莫代尔、普通黏胶、腈纶、氨纶等开发系列面料。详细介绍纺纱、织造、染色、后整理等工艺,并对试样的抑菌性、吸湿速干性等进行测试,从而优选最佳生产工艺,开发出新型植物源抑菌纤维系列针织品。     

手动横机上移圈新面料的开发及织物抑菌整理

针对手动横机的编织原理和结构特点,在传统的编织工艺与编织原理的基础上,提出了几种新的移圈组织的编织方法,从而丰富了挑花组织和绞花组织的编织方法。同时,对新开发的几类挑花织物和绞花织物进行功能性整理,采用纳米二氧化钛光催化功能对其进行抑菌整理,开发出了具有抑菌功能的移圈新产品,并对其进行抑菌性能测试。结果表明:抑菌整理后的织物可以达到良好的抑菌效果和耐洗牢度,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌均具有较强的抑菌效果。     

壳聚糖-银整理棉织物抗菌性能研究

采用自制壳聚糖-银抗菌剂对棉织物进行抗菌整理.考察了壳聚糖的用量、银的添加方式和添加量的影响,并研究了整理工艺.结果表明,以壳聚糖整理的织物抑菌效果不理想,壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的临界抑菌用量为0.5%.壳聚糖与银复配可极大地提高织物的抗菌效果,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均可达100%,经20次洗涤后抑菌效果依然极佳.对织物进行了SEM微观分析及ICP-MS银含量分析,结果表明,柠檬酸(CA)作为溶剂,壳聚糖0.25%,硝酸银10 mg/kg时,整理织物的抑菌效果和手感较好.     

Ag+/β-环糊精对棉织物的复合式抗菌整理

银系抗菌剂具有较强的抗菌效果,安全环保,对人体皮肤无毒无刺激,在抗菌剂中占有很重要的地位,但整理之后的耐水洗性能需要进一步提高.本文利用Ag+、β-环糊精对棉织物进行整理,使其具备抗菌性能的同时也改善其耐水洗性能.试验中探索了各项工艺参数,如Ag+浓度、β-环糊精浓度、焙烘温度等因素的影响,并对整理后织物的各项指标如抑菌效果、耐洗性进行测试、分析,从而得到棉织物Ag+/β-环糊精抗菌整理工艺条件.     

抗菌阻燃整理对芦荟改性黏胶纤维/棉混纺织物舒适安全性能的影响

为研究抗菌阻燃整理对芦荟改性黏胶纤维/棉混纺织物舒适安全性能的影响,设计并织造了一款芦荟改性黏胶纤维/棉混纺织物,并对该织物抗菌阻燃整理前后的透气性、透湿性、阻燃性、吸水性及抗菌性等进行测试。结果表明:经抗菌阻燃整理后,芦荟改性黏胶纤维/棉混纺织物的透气率和吸水率减少,透湿量增加,垂直燃烧损毁长度减少,抑菌值和抑菌率均高于标准规定。认为:经过抗菌阻燃整理后,芦荟改性黏胶纤维/棉混纺织物的透湿性、阻燃性和抗菌性变好。     

Effects of food components on the antimicrobial activity of polypropylene surfaces containing silver ions (Ag+)

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of food components on the antimicrobial properties of surfaces containing silver. The antimicrobial activity of a polypropylene compound with a zirconium phosphate–based ceramic ion exchange resin containing silver was investigated by comparing the surface count of bacteria on sample and reference surfaces. Different food components were added to the inocula to investigate their influence on the extent of antimicrobial activity in comparison with pure inoculum (Pseudomonas fluorescens in saline solution). In the experiments with pure inoculum, a marked reduction in bacterial counts on samples containing silver was observed (7.4 log₁₀ units). However, protein‐rich food strongly reduced or completely inhibited the antimicrobial activity of silver. Almost all other tested components from the carbohydrate or lipid group did not affect the antimicrobial activity. Overall, the effect and the risks of materials containing silver needs to be analysed individually for the respective application.     

银的抗菌整理

Dohmen公司开发的Docair银整理体系,是一种安全且易于处理的抗菌整理体系,已成功应用于工业生产中.该体系可用于各类纤维的连续与间歇工艺中.即便经过剧烈洗涤之后也可达到良好的抗菌效果.该体系与其他纺织品助剂有很好的相容性,并且通常对抗菌性能没有负面影响.     

Antimicrobial effect of food-grade GML microemulsions against Staphylococcus aureus

Food-grade GML (Glycerol Monolaurate, the glycerol monoester of lauric acid) microemulsions based on multi-component mixtures and enhanced antimicrobial effects have been studied. The compositions included water, GML, several surfactants (ethoxylated sorbitan esters, sucrose esters), alcohols (pentanol and dodecanol), salt (potassium sorbate). The influence of surfactants, alcohols and salt on the phase behavior is discussed in this paper. Four improved formulations of microemulsion systems with large O/W regions have been obtained and demonstrated the enhanced antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, compared to Glycerol Monolaurate. Subsequently, one formulation with the highest antimicrobial activity was further studied with respect to the influence of each component on the antimicrobial effect. The results showed that among all the components, GML had the significantly highest (P < 0.01) inhibition ratio 63.52% and played a dominating role in the antimicrobial activities. Therefore, it was concluded that food-grade GML microemulsions had enhanced antimicrobial activities against S. aureus, with a major contribution of GML.     

Understanding farmers' and veterinarians' behavior in relation to antimicrobial use and resistance in dairy cattle: A systematic review

To tackle antimicrobial resistance, it is vital that farmers' and veterinarians' antimicrobial use behaviors and attitudes toward resistance are understood so that we can identify how beliefs and motives influence practices. Current literature details qualitative and quantitative research that explores the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of dairy farmers and veterinarians with respect to antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial practices, and the reported findings are varied and conflicting. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review to assess the evidence and knowledge gaps in the published literature. We identified articles via database searches of Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science; we limited findings to published articles available in English with no publication year restrictions. Article screening was conducted at 3 levels: title, abstract, and full text. Of the 349 articles identified, 35 were retained for systematic review. Transparency of reporting was assessed for each study using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) framework. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist. Findings relating to dairy farmers' and veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on antimicrobial resistance and practices were thematically analyzed. The comprehensiveness of reporting was variable: studies reported 5 to 26 of the 32 COREQ checklist items. Five key themes emerged from the data: knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial resistance; factors influencing farmer and veterinarian decision-making; perceived barriers and facilitators to reduced antimicrobial use; perceived responsibility for antimicrobial resistance; and the role of the farmer and veterinarian relationship in reducing antimicrobial use. Awareness of prudent antimicrobial use was not uniform between studies. Many factors influence farmers' and veterinarians' decisions to use antimicrobials, including animal welfare and available resources. The farmer–veterinarian relationship is a potential barrier or facilitator of reduced antimicrobial use, depending on the perceived relationship dynamic. Encouraging collaboration between farmers and veterinarians could lead to shared responsibility for reducing antimicrobial use. This review provided a coherent picture of what is currently known and identified gaps in the current knowledge to inform future behavioral intervention research. Increased knowledge, skill development, resources, engagement, and further research to address the gaps we identified are the main recommendations to effectively overcome barriers, elicit appropriate behavior change, and achieve reduced antimicrobial use in dairy cattle.     

静电纺丝技术包埋抗菌物质研究进展

近年来,人们已成功地开发出多种不同来源的天然抗菌物质。由于食品加工和储存条件对其抗菌效果产生很大的影响,极大地限制了其在食品工业中的应用。目前常用的包埋技术在包埋抗菌物质时仍存在许多不足之处。因此,开发出高效包埋天然抗菌物质的包埋技术成为研究的热点问题。静电纺丝技术是一种新颖的、简单的生物活性物质包埋技术,能够显著提高生物活性物质的包埋效率、稳定性和利用度,在一定程度上克服了传统包埋技术在包埋生物活性物质时的弊端。本文主要综述了静电纺丝技术的原理,纺丝参数对静电纺丝纳米纤维的影响以及以多糖和蛋白质为基质利用静电纺丝技术包埋抗菌物质及其应用的研究进展,为其在食品工业中的良好应用奠定基础。     

Optimization of the biocide properties of chitosan for its application in the design of active films of interest in the food area

The influence on biocide performance of some unprecedented physicochemical features of chitosan cast films such as film thickness, pH of the nutrient broth, film neutralization, film autoclave sterilization and temperature exposure were analyzed against Staphylococcus aureus and in some experiments also against Salmonella spp. The work demonstrates for the first time the influence of the release or positive migration of protonated glucosamine fractions from the biopolymer into the microbial culture as the responsible event for the antimicrobial performance of the biopolymer under the studied conditions. From the results, a reliable and reproducible method for the determination of the bactericidal activity of chitosan-based films was developed in an attempt to standardize the testing conditions for the optimum design of active antimicrobial food packaging films and coating applications.     

An overview of antimicrobial properties of kombucha

Kombucha is a traditional beverage of Manchurian origin, typically made by fermenting sugared black or green tea with the symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). The beverage has gained increasing popularity in recent years, mainly due to its heralded health benefits. The fermentation process of kombucha also results in the production of various bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential, making it a promising candidate in the exploration of alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, and may be helpful in combating the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Literature survey performed on Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed revealed the extensive research that has firmly established the antimicrobial activity of kombucha against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. This activity could be attributed to the synergistic activities of the microbial species in the kombucha microbiota that led to the synthesis of compounds with antimicrobial properties such as acetic acid and various polyphenols. However, research thus far only involved screening for the antimicrobial activity of kombucha. Therefore, there is still a research gap about the molecular mechanism of the kombucha reaction against specific pathogens and its influence on human health upon consumption. Future research may focus on investigating this aspect. Further characterization of the biological activity of the microbial community in kombucha may also facilitate the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds, such as bacteriocins produced by the microorganisms.     

宣木瓜粗提物抑菌作用的研究

为了研究宣木瓜粗提物的抑菌作用以及紫外光和温度对其抑菌作用的影响,以95%乙醇和蒸馏水作为溶剂,采用水浴振荡法对宣木瓜粗提物进行提取。采用平板打孔法测定宣木瓜不同粗提物对荧光假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和四联球菌的抑菌作用以及最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。结果表明,宣木瓜95%乙醇粗提物和蒸馏水粗提物对5种有害菌都有明显的抑制作用,而且95%乙醇粗提物的抑菌作用优于蒸馏水粗提物,两种粗提物均有较好的紫外光稳定性和热稳定性。     

琯溪蜜柚皮乙醇提取物的抑菌及防腐效果

以乙醇作提取剂,制备琯溪蜜柚皮提取物,探讨其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、啤酒酵母和黑曲霉的抑菌效果。滤纸片扩散法测定蜜柚皮醇提物的抑菌活性,固体稀释法测定蜜柚皮醇提物的最小抑菌浓度,研究了温度、pH对蜜柚皮醇提物抑菌效果的影响,并进行了果蔬的防腐保鲜初步实验。结果表明,蜜柚皮醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、啤酒酵母具有较强的抑菌效果,其最低抑菌浓度分别为6.25%、12.5%和12.5%;对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有明显的抑菌效果。蜜柚皮醇提物的抑菌效果受温度影响较小,受pH影响较大,酸性环境下抑制作用较强。蜜柚皮醇提物具有良好抑菌和防腐保鲜效果,可作为天然食品防腐剂进行开发和利用。     

山胡椒提取物的抑菌活性及其稳定性

为了解山胡椒提取物的抑菌活性和稳定性,通过抑菌实验和稳定性实验,研究了山胡椒水提物、75%乙醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物对5种常见食源性污染菌的抑制作用,并探讨了热处理、pH值及紫外照射对山胡椒75%乙醇提取物及乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌稳定性的影响。结果表明,3种提取物对供试菌的抑菌效果大小顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取物>75%乙醇提取物>水提物。稳定性实验表明,山胡椒提取物的热稳定性良好;pH值和紫外照射对山胡椒提取物抑菌活性有一定影响,最适pH值为5～7;紫外照射不超过10 min时抑菌活性稳定,超过30 min后抑菌活性减弱,甚至消失。