太阳能热泵热水系统特性研究及其进展

介绍太阳能热泵热水系统的基本原理，以及近年来国内外学者对太阳能热泵热水系统的结构型式、运行参数、容量匹配及循环工质等相关特性方面的理论分析和实验研究。在此基础上综合分析系统参数对循环性能的影响，提出系统设计和运行控制等方面的一些改进措施，并指出推广该项技术目前需要解决的一系列问题。该工作对于更有效地利用太阳能热泵热水系统有比较积极的意义。     

太阳能辅助集热型水源热泵设计及特性分析

水-水源热泵机组在冬季温度较低的条件下运行一段时间后,会出现制热性能下降并频繁转入保护工况现象。为改善水-水源热泵性能,在负荷匹配的情况下提高其经济性,设想在原热泵系统中增设太阳能辅助集热装置。简要介绍太阳能辅助集热型热泵系统的形式和组成,包括太阳能集热器形式选择、贮热水槽的要求等,同时着重进行冬季供暖工况的热力设计计算。设计计算表明,冬季供热循环时增设太阳能辅助系统之后供热系数有较大提高。在夏季只需将太阳能集热系统与制冷系统分离,即可作生活热水系统使用。     

Development and test of solar Rankine cycle heating and cooling systems

This paper describes the design, fabrication and test of a prototype 63.3 kW (18 ton) solar-powered Rankine cycle heat pump, as well as the assembly and field test of a 63.3 kW (18 ton) solar powered chiller.     

History of absorption heat pumps and working pair developments in Europe

A historical review of absorption heat pumps dating back to the work of Nairne in 1777 is presented. Special mention is made of the contributions of Carré and Altenkirch. Both continuous and intermittently operating systems are covered together with the use of both solid and liquid solvents.     

空气源热泵辅助供热太阳能热水系统技术经济性分析

结合昆明地区的气候特征,分别以电加热热水系统与燃气热水系统为参照,对空气源热泵辅助供热的太阳能热水系统集中供生活热水进行技术经济性分析。研究结果表明,在昆明地区采用空气源热泵辅助供热太阳能热水系统,节能性与经济性均较显著,是适宜推广的生活热水系统形式。     

Thermal energy reservoir capacities for solar absorption cooling systems

It is essential to incorporate both hot and cold energy storage for a solar absorption cooling system in order to maximize the saving of conventional electrical power. The paper correlates the thermal energy storage requirements with the daily cooling demand pattern of a building. The other parameters which affect the choice of the two storage volumes are the effective sunshine hours, the chiller cooling capacity, its daily operation period and the two storage temperature differentials. The results have been obtained in a generalized manner and applied to an actual building in Kuwait.     

溴化锂吸收式热泵在集中供热系统中的应用及节能性分析

结合实例重点介绍在城市、港区集中供热系统中采用溴化锂吸收式热泵替代小区换热站锅炉的突出优越性,并引申溴化锂吸收式热泵在城市集中供热系统中的其他几种典型应用形式,最后展望溴化锂吸收式热泵在供热节能领域的发展前景。     

溴化锂吸收式热泵及其应用

本文列举了生产工艺过程产生余热（废热）的现状,并论述了两种溴化锂吸收式热泵工作原理及产品特征。通过对二者利用余热（废热）的实用案例进行分析,表明其显著节能减排效果。     

地源热泵与太阳能结合在高寒地区的应用

地源热泵技术在我国内蒙古等高寒地区使用时,因冬夏换热不平衡,通过太阳能系统补充地下土壤换热的热量,能够保证地下系统全年冬夏的热量平衡及地下换热系统长久使用不衰减,有效提高了整个系统的能效比。以内蒙古某一工程为案例,分析计算全年的不平衡率和配置太阳能面积的方法。     

一种直膨式多功能太阳能热泵系统经济性分析

本文以100m2的住宅用户为研究对象,提出一种直膨式多功能太阳能热泵系统,该系统可以实现夏季制冷、冬季制热、全年提供生活热水,并且随太阳辐射强度的不同可以实现变容量调节。对直膨式多功能太阳能热泵系统的初投资、年能耗、寿命周期内的总投资等指标进行分析,与普通空调和电热水器、普通空调和燃气热水器、普通空调和空气源热泵热水器进行比较,并分析了使用年限、日太阳能供热小时数及日生活热水用量等因素对系统经济性的影响。此外,还对此系统的变容量运行进行了总体性的经济性分析。     

太阳能空气双热源热泵测试与控制方案设计

设计一台三匹压缩机热泵实验台，将太阳能热水系统和空气源热泵结合，介绍该热泵系统的工作原理、结构。系统能够满足不同季节制冷、采暖和供热的需求，根据系统的不同工作模式，热水箱在系统的接入位置可以通过阀门进行灵活切换。为了适应不同工况的能量调节需求，采取对室外机风机和压缩机进行变频控制，并研究在无太阳能作为辅助热源的情况下风机转速和压缩机功率变化对产热能力的影响。关键词太阳能热水器空气源热泵制冷剂气体流量能量调节     

Theoretical analysis of an open-cycle absorption heating and cooling system

In warm countries, such as Italy and Spain, the increasing demand for space conditioning cannot be met by the current capacity of installed electric power. This has led to a growing interest in cooling with natural gas. An interesting thermal cooling system uses open-cycle absorption. It treats the air directly without heat exchangers and with very low temperature drops. With absorption dehumidification it is possible not only to obtain a cooling system similar in performance to conventional thermal cooling systems, but also, with few modifications, a high-performance heating system fed by a natural gas burner, which combines simplicity with PER typical of a gas driven heat pump. The proposed new system described in the paper is studied both in winter and summer mode, evaluating the influence of the different parameters.     

新型太阳能混合吸收式制冷系统的蓄能研究

根据太阳能混合吸收式制冷循环的特点，提出一种可用于该循环的新型高效蓄能系统。分析该系统的工作原理及特性，并与传统的蓄热方式和蓄冷方式蓄能系统进行性能比较分析，在相同蓄冷量情况下，新型蓄能系统的蓄能体积是传统系统蓄能体积的1／10以下，从而为促进蓄能装置小型化、推动小型太阳能空调的商品化提供理论依据。     

严寒地区太阳能-地源热泵耦合系统的优化设计

针对严寒地区的负荷特点,并结合实际项目,设计一套太阳能-地源热泵耦合系统。对系统的热平衡进行计算分析,优化太阳能的补热运行方式,保证系统在严寒地区高效、稳定运行,系统的节能环保效益显著。     

相变储热技术在太阳能热泵中的应用

在阐述相变储热的应用研究状况和分析其应用于太阳能热泵的必要性的基础上，重点介绍常用于太阳能热泵的常低温相变材料特点及相变储热装置，给出带储热器的太阳能热泵的运行模式，最后指出相变储热技术在太阳能热泵的应用领域应重点研究的内容。     

History of absorption heat pumps and working pair developments in EuropeHistorique des pompes à chaleur à absorption et du développement des mélanges binaires en Europe

A historical review of absorption heat pumps dating back to the work of Nairne in 1777 is presented. Special mention is made of the contributions of Carré and Altenkirch. Both continuous and intermittently operating systems are covered together with the use of both solid and liquid solvents.     

Analysis of solar absorption cooling systems with low generator temperatures

Closed cycle absorption cooling systems have been analysed using water-lithium bromide and ammonia-water as working fluid pairs. An open cycle system using water-lithium bromide has also been analysed and compared with the closed cycle system. A flat plate collector has been considered for heat supply to the generator of the closed cycle systems. The effect of high flow ratios on the overall solar collector area required has been studied. It has been shown that the daily operating time of a cooling system can be increased by employing relatively high flow ratios.     

Comparative simulation and investigation of ammonia-water: absorption cycles for heat pump applications

Several recent programs in absorption research have focused on technology for domestic heating and cooling utilizing natural gas. In residential and small commercial size applications, ammonia-water cycles offer the possibility of a gas-fired heat pump for both winter heating and summer cooling, at better year-round COPS than currently available by various alternatives. Several cycles have been considered for this purpose, ranging from the simplest single effect to the GAX (Generator-Absorber heat eXchange) with its different variations. Detailed calculations of ammonia-water systems are rather difficult, particularly in complex cycles such as the GAX. This may be the reason that relatively few simulation studies have been published to date that give more than design point performance. The objective of the present study has been a comprehensive investigation of various ammonia-water cycles, with operating conditions and different design parameters varied over a wide range to compare their performance. To this end, a modular simulation program (ABSIM) was employed, which makes it possible to simulate absorption cycles in varying configurations. The cycles investigated increase in complexity from the basic single-effect cycle, through the same cycle with an added precooler, through an added solution-cooled absorber and solution-heated generator, to the GAX and branched GAX cycles with different types of branching. Each cycle was formed on the basis of the previous one by adding one or two components at each stage, resulting in increasing complexity rewarded by improved performance. This kind of investigation enabled determination at each stage of the influence of the added components on the cycle. The results of the investigation show cooling CON ranging from about 0.5 for the simplest single-effect cycle to about 1.0 for the GAX cycle.     

国内外吸收式热泵强化传热传质研究综述

综述国内外对吸收式热泵强化传热传质研究的现状。目前主要的研究方向为新型强化管的开发、新型表面活性剂及强化吸收机制的研究,主要研究目的是如何增大传热面积与加强界面马拉格尼对流,以此提高传热传质系数。     

European research on solar-assisted air conditioning

The utilization of waste heat, on the one hand, and solar heat, on the other, in order to energize sorption chillers is an important issue for increasing the energy efficiency of cooling machines. Especially in the air-conditioning business, a tight correlation often exists between insolation and cooling requirements. Therefore, the interest in solar cooling by sorption systems has prevailed for several decades. Some hundred systems have been installed all over the world and operate satisfactorily. However, no really cost-competitive system for widespread application exists. A step forward can only be expected by innovative design of the collectors, chillers, or both.This paper reports on trends which might lead to such innovations. The sources are mainly papers and discussions at workshops held in 1994 in Dresden and 1995 in Freiburg and Garching, Germany. Although in these workshops mainly European experiences have been discussed, the conclusions are valid world-wide: generally, it can be stated that several new ideas, both in collectors and chillers, have gained ground. Cheaper collectors providing higher temperatures have become available and specially designed chillers for use with low-grade heat as input are being investigated.In this paper we highlight the most important developments reported on in the workshops mentioned above.