掺TiO2的SnO2丙酮气敏元件的制作及其灵敏度测试

简单介绍了掺TiO2的SnO2薄膜丙酮气敏元件的制作,重点分析不同的掺杂溅射镀膜时间、不同加热电压对灵敏度的影响.对不同有机蒸气进行选择性测试,发现掺TiO2的SnO2薄膜气体传感器对丙酮有很高的灵敏度,而且输出信号与丙酮气体浓度成正比,浓度低至100ppm也可检测试出来.测定了元件的工作温度与加热电压的关系,发现加热电压为6～7V,相当于元件的工作温度为250～300℃时,对不同气体的灵敏度都很高.     

纳米孔Al2 O3修饰Si基氨气传感器设计

针对Si基微结构气体传感器中Si基与敏感材料之间附着性较差的问题,提出在Si基与敏感材料之间引入纳米孔Al2 O3膜形成新型Si基微结构传感器,利用ANSYS分析软件对微结构进行热分析。采用薄膜工艺、光刻工艺、电化学阳极氧化工艺在Si衬底上制成Si基微结构,采用超声波的方法使聚苯胺敏感材料渗入纳米孔Al2 O3膜中制成气体传感器,并在室温下测试了传感器对氨气的检测特性。结果表明：将纳米孔Al2 O3膜移植到Si基上增加了敏感材料的附着性;传感器对响应时间约为40 s,恢复时间约为960 s,灵敏度随着氨气浓度的增加而增大,并且呈现出良好的线性关系。     

TiO2-SnO2复合氧化物介孔薄膜的气敏特性研究

采用蒸发诱导自组装工艺制备了TiO2-SnO2介孔金属氧化物薄膜。采用静态配气法,研究了不同掺杂量SnO2对TiO2元件气敏性的影响,并通过测定电化学阻抗谱,分析了介孔金属氧化物的气敏机理。结果表明:随着SnO2掺杂量的增加,TiO2元件对乙醇气体灵敏度也随之提高,而初始响应温度则随之降低。在250℃时,20%-TiO2和SnO2元件对体积分数为500×10-6乙醇的灵敏度分别为13.24和14.26。阻抗分析表明:复合氧化物对还原性气体敏感过程具有明显容抗特征。     

MWCNT-WO3薄膜双声路SAW NO2气体传感器

以金属钨粉,H2O2,CH3OH和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为原料,在双声路声表面波(SAW)器件的测量声路上制作了MWCNT-WO3薄膜,提出并实现了一种MWCNT-WO3薄膜双声路SAW NO2气体传感器。由于MWCNT和WO3对NO2气体都有敏感作用,而且碳纳米管的毛细作用、以及MWCNT的加入都增加了气体的接触面积,提高了NO2气体的吸附和敏感作用。同时,SAW器件的双声路结构消除了由于外界测量条件改变引起的测量误差,也进一步提高了传感器的可靠性和准确性。实验结果表明,该传感器对各种浓度的NO2气体具有好的响应特性,在31.2×10-9到20×10-6范围内,传感器的响应灵敏度为9.8kHz/1×10-6,比单一MWCNT或WO3薄膜对NO2气体具有更好的灵敏度和线性特性。     

PPB级锆基安培型NO气体传感器性能的研究

采用丝网印刷技术制备了以In2O3为敏感电极的锆基安培型三电极NO传感器用以探测10-9级NO气体。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对该传感器进行了理化分析;通过测量其在不同温度和不同NO浓度的气氛中的伏安特性曲线和时间响应曲线,研究了传感器的电流输出信号和NO浓度的关系以及时间响应特性。实验表明：在350℃~500℃测试温度范围内,极化电压为-60 mV,NO浓度变化为0~900×10-9时传感器响应电流的变化值Δcurrent和NO浓度之间存在较好的线性关系并且传感器在400℃时响应值最大。在被测气体总流量为100 cm3/min时,传感器信号90%的响应和恢复时间分别为18 s和12 s。传感器信号不受CO2浓度变化的影响,传感器的响应信号在测试时间里具有较好短期稳定性,但长期稳定性有待进一步提高。本文还采用阻抗谱分析方法对传感器的响应机理进行了初步的探索。     

基于MEMS工艺的NO2气体传感器研制

设计了一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)工艺的以氧化钨(WO3)为敏感材料的微结构气体传感器,并从半导体理论解释了WO3对二氧化氮(NO2)的敏感机理.气体传感器芯片尺寸为1.3mm ×1.3mm,微热板的有效面积为0.4mm ×0.4 mm.实验结果表明:设计的气体传感器对NO2气体表现出良好的响应,在最佳工作温度下(140℃)功耗为23 mW,最低检测限达50×10-9,响应时间为60 s,恢复时间为180 s.     

平面工艺SnO2薄膜甲醛气敏元件的研究

用ANSYS仿真软件得到最优化的气体传感器电极结构,采用平面工艺在硅衬底上制作了3 mm×2 mm的直热式Sn02薄膜甲醛气敏元件.用溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)法制备了掺Pd的纳米SnO2薄膜,材料的平均粒径约为15nm.元件的最佳工作温度约为230℃,在该加热温度下测试了元件对体积分数为50×10-9的甲醛气体的灵敏度以及响应恢复时间.实验证明:元件的灵敏度随气体浓度的增大而增大,元件的响应和恢复时间均约为50s.     

基于薄膜工艺的乙醇气体气敏膜的研究

ZnO2,SnO2,Fe2O3等基底材料可以用来制作半导体型乙醇气体传感器中的气敏膜。在基底中掺杂Pt,TiO2等物质可以获得很高的气体检测灵敏度和很好的选择性。利用电子枪蒸发薄膜工艺来制作乙醇气体敏感膜,可以取得很好的效果。与通常使用的厚膜工艺相比,薄膜工艺与MEMS工艺兼容,更适合制作微小器件。     

PN结型硅基TiO_2氧传感器的特性分析

采用薄膜技术研制了一种以硅PN结结构为基底材料的TiO2氧传感器,阐述了该传感器的工作原理、结构设计、工艺流程及其特性。给出了磁控溅射工艺制备银电极及TiO2薄膜的方法,利用X射线衍射(XRD)标定了TiO2薄膜的金红石相晶体结构,通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析了薄膜的表面形貌及晶粒结构,讨论了TiO2的氧敏感机理,测试薄膜的敏感特性及响应特性。实验结果表明:硅PN结基底TiO2氧传感器具有工作温度低、低功耗、体积小、线性化好的优点。     

基于γ-Al_2O_3膜微加工煤油传感器研究

基于半导体式气体传感原理,提出了利用MEMS技术将电化学生长的Al2O3膜加工成微热板结构载体,采用平面薄膜工艺制做Pt薄膜加热电阻和信号电极。在微热板的2个电极上,涂敷γ-Fe2O3-SnO2-Pt-Pd形成煤油蒸气敏感单元,实现在微结构体上气体检测的二单元集成。传感器采用脉冲工作方式,工作周期为30 s,在加热峰值形成高温400℃的煤油检测条件。测试结果表明:煤油(标志物:癸烷)检测可实现体积分数(0～7000)×10-6范围,90%的吸附响应时间小于8s,脱附响应时间小于12s,传感器信号输出与煤油体积分数有对应的全对数线性关系。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。