基于循环经济的废旧轮胎利用

从循环经济的角度阐述了如何将产生的废旧轮胎进行充分及时的回收利用,这对缓解我国橡胶资源匮乏,促进国民经济可持续发展,带动相关产业发展具有重要的作用。     

美国废旧轮胎的回收利用

介绍了当今美国及加拿大在回收处理废旧轮胎方面的最新信息。说明了美国南北几个不同的州处理和利用旧轮胎作电厂和水泥厂燃料的情况,以及利用粉末橡胶改性沥青的方法和意义。简要介绍了硫化橡胶脱硫的新方法。对我国发展汽车工业所产生的副产物－废旧轮胎的合理利用、保护环境、寻找新的可利用的能源有一定的借鉴价值。     

废旧轮胎的回收再利用

本文主要介绍翻新轮胎和利用废轮胎制造胶粉、再生胶的技术,同时概要介绍一些主要发达国家产生废旧轮胎情况以及回收再利用废旧轮胎情况。     

废旧轮胎回收利用现状和利用途径

分析比较了国内外废旧轮胎回收利用的现状以及利用的途径，并指出了我国在这一领域存在的差距和问题。     

国内外废旧轮胎的回收利用现状

概述国内外废旧轮胎的回收利用现状,提出我国废旧轮胎回收利用的发展建议。目前废旧轮胎综合利用途径主要包括翻新、再生胶、胶粉、热能利用和热解等,美国、芬兰、英国和日本等发达国家主要以生产胶粉、热能利用和热解等为主;我国废旧轮胎回收利用水平较低,轮胎翻新率远低于发达国家,再生胶产量大,胶粉产量较小。建议我国调整产品结构,以生产胶粉为主,并积极开拓废旧轮胎回收利用新途径,提高废旧轮胎回收利用水平。     

废旧轮胎回收利用技术进展

主要介绍国内外废旧轮胎回收再利用的技术进展,并对国内的废旧轮胎回收利用工作提出了建议。     

美国的废旧轮胎回收与利用

介绍美国近年来有关废旧轮胎回收与利用的新概况。     

中国废旧轮胎综合利用现状与发展

对国内外废旧轮胎的综合利用作了比较,并对轮胎翻新、再生胶、胶粉、热能利用作了重点介绍,指出了我国废旧轮胎综合利用的发展方向。     

美国废旧轮胎回收利用现状

美国的轮胎翻新行业，美国废轮胎处理方法和管理体系，美国废轮胎回收利用政策与立法。     

世界废旧轮胎综合利用纵览

汽车给人们带来了交通便利，公路运输促进了国民经济的发展。但我们在享受便利和品尝经济发展的成果时，不得不面对日益增多的废旧轮胎。据统计，目前全世界每年有１５亿条轮胎报废，其中北美大约４亿条，西欧近２亿条，日本１亿条。如何将废旧轮胎资源化、减量化、无害化，不仅关系到环境保护这个重要的社会问题，而且还关系到持续发展这一全球性的战略问题。合理处置废旧轮胎，长期以来一直是环境保护的难题。在上世纪９０年代，世界各国最普遍的做法是对废旧轮胎进行掩埋或堆放。以美国为例，１９９２年废旧轮胎掩埋／堆放率达到６３％，…     

废胎胶利用现状和加工技术

介绍了废胎胶利用现状和加工技术进展。国外废胎胶主要用于制能、道路建设、热裂解制轻馏份油、液体燃料和炭黑等，发达国家已不再发展废胶脱硫生产再生胶。我国废胶利用每年为１６～２０万ｔ，且几乎全部用于橡胶加工行业。另有６０％的废胶应开发新的应用领域。     

废硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的回收利用技术研究

采用物理化学回收方法回收废硬质聚氯酯泡沫塑料,探讨了再生硬质聚氯酯泡沫塑料(RRPUF)、马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚丙烯(PP)(PP-g-MAH)的用量及不同类型降解剂对PP/RRPUF/PP-g-MAH共混材料性能的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱和偏光显微镜表征了RRPUF和PP/RRPUF/PP-g-MAH.在适当温度...     

钛白废酸循环利用工艺的研究

钛白废酸循环利用工艺是采用反渗透法将质量分数为20%的钛白废酸浓缩到45%,一部分作为酸解用酸的稀释水,一部分用作硫酸锰的酸解用酸,剩余的45%的浓废酸与质量分数为98%的浓硫酸调配增浓、冷冻、除杂,作为补充水送到硫酸生产装置的吸收系统再制酸。以德天化工为例,实施该工艺每年可减排废酸14.29万t,节约中和废水的石灰2.86万t,减排废水11.43万t,原材料硫酸消耗节省2.86万t,表明该工艺具有技术先进性和推广性。     

废旧动力电池回收的环境影响评价研究

产业化制备镍钴锰酸锂有4种工艺,包括定向循环、传统湿法回收、传统火法回收和原矿冶炼。为了寻找环境影响程度最小的生产工艺,采用Eco?鄄indicator 99评价体系对4种工艺进行生命周期评价。结果表明,生产 1 000 kg镍钴锰酸锂,定向循环、传统湿法回收、传统火法回收和原矿冶炼环境指标分数分别为-11 883、-1 552、57、25 896,回收废旧电池社会意义显著。因此,从环境影响的角度选择镍钴锰酸锂三元材料的生产工艺应优先采用定向循环工艺,原矿冶炼工艺因其环境损害最大,不提倡使用。     

Biotechnological recycling of critical metals from waste printed circuit boards

Critical metals are key raw materials for new generation clean energy production. The extraction of critical metals often follows the difficult processing of primary ores and they are many times recovered as the companion metals. With the depletion of primary reserves, the focus has now shifted to processing the urban mines, like electronic (e-)waste. Among the different types of e-waste, the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are the major reservoir of high-value critical metals and are usually treated by the traditional pyro- and/or hydro-metallurgical techniques. However, the application of microbial activities in metals recycling is rapidly emerging as a green technology in comparison to smelter or chemical processing. The application of microorganisms (bacteria/fungi) in WPCBs’ recycling is being increasingly explored in order to meet the parallel objectives of resource recovery and pollution mitigation. Therefore, the present article assesses the current frontiers in bioleaching of critical metals from WPCBs and contains discussions on process fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives. The applicability of microbial recycling of WPCBs at a higher scale in terms of a circular economy and urban mining notion, the techno-economic analysis, and environmental sustainability in comparison to the chemical processing route are also discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

水泥窑余热发电系统余风再循环技术分析

本文基于热平衡和气固换热原理,以篦冷机为研究对象,建立了篦冷机余风再循环计算模型,分析了水泥窑余热发电系统余风再循环技术。当余风再循环系统运行时,篦冷机中部冷却空气温度对水泥窑余热发电系统和篦冷机运行均有一定的影响。随着冷却空气温度的升高,AQC锅炉取风温度及余热发电功率升高;但篦冷机出口熟料温度、余风温度、冷却空气阻力以及冷却风机功率也会增加。综合而言,余风再循环技术具有实际可行性,但是经济性具有不确定性。     

精苯废酸工艺的萃取剂再生研究

采用盐析萃取工艺对焦化精苯废酸进行治理回收利用,以粗酚作萃取剂,向萃取相中掺入3%-5%的阻垢剂,成功地解决了萃取剂蒸馏再生时起泡、结渣的问题。对再生萃取剂的组成进行了GC/MS分析,结果表明,在萃取剂重复再生使用后,其酚相组成基本没有变化,因此,萃取剂可重复再生使用。     

Opportune inward waste materials toward a zero waste ceramic slabs production in a circular economy perspective

This work is related to the preliminary lab-scale preparation of ceramic slabs, reproducing the characteristics of natural stones, containing up to more than 40 wt.% of different waste materials, namely laboratory glass, cullet glass (both thought as fluxing agents replacing feldspar), and ceramic waste obtained from drying squaring operations (for partial quartz sand replacement). Indeed, in order to pursue the circular economy principles, the possibility of turning different kinds of wastes into resources for the ceramic industry, surely represents the first concern to be addressed and demonstrated, with also the aim to reduce the environmental impact associated with landfill, minimizing manufacturing cost and contributing to preserve nonrenewable natural resources, which are known to be consistently depleted by the ceramic industries.     

The pyrolysis of scrap automotive tyres: The influence of temperature and heating rate on product composition

Shredded automotive tyre waste was pyrolysed in a 200 cm³ static batch reactor in a N₂ atmosphere. The compositions and properties of the derived gases, pyrolytic oils and solid char were determined in relation to pyrolysis temperatures up to 720 °C and at heating rates between 5 and 80 °C min⁻¹. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased the percentage mass of solid char decreased, while gas and oil products increased until 600 °C after which there was a minimal change to product yield, the scrap tyres producing approximately 55% oil, 10% gas and 35% char. There was a small effect of heating rate on the product yield. The gases were identified as H₂, CO, CO₂, C₄H₆, CH₄ and C₂H₆, with lower concentrations of other hydrocarbon gases. Chemical class composition analysis by liquid chromatography showed that an increase in temperature produced a decrease in the proportion of aliphatic fractions and an increase in aromatic fractions for each heating rate. The molecular mass range of the oils, as determined by size exclusion chromatography, was up to 1600 mass units with a peak in the 300–400 range. There was an increase in molecular mass range as the pyrolysis temperature was increased. FT-i.r. analysis of the oils indicated the presence of alkanes, alkenes, ketones or aldehydes, aromatic, polyaromatic and substituted aromatic groups. Surface area determination of the solid chars showed a significant increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate.