Application of a novel fuzzy classifier to fault detection and isolation of the DAMADICS benchmark problem

The performance of a novel fuzzy classifier when applied to fault detection and isolation of DAMADICS benchmark is investigated. The main properties of this methodology are the large accuracy with which it identifies the areas in the symptoms space corresponding to different categories, and the fine precision discrimination inside the overlapping areas. In the previous work one single category has been considered with the classifier for each one of the considered faults. Here, 20 levels of fault strength have been considered for each fault, ranging from small and often unnoticeable effects until large effects. The present work investigates the possibility to consider more than one category for each fault by considering different categories formed by single fault strengths or groups of fault strengths. This refinement offers a new insight and more information on the behavior of the faults, which improves isolation.     

一种基于模糊神经网络的故障分类器及其在多传感器故障诊断中的应用􀀁

提出了一种应用模糊神经网络进行故障诊断新方法．采用模糊神经网络作为故障分类器,离线地自适应从学习样本数据中提取各个用以描述故障状态的模糊参考模型．在诊断时,此模糊神经网络在线地得到当前系统的模糊模型描述,并将与各个参考模型相匹配,从而得出正确的诊断结果．它适用范围广泛,如用于控制系统的过程对象以及传感器、执行器故障的检测与诊断．通过对燃汽轮机控制系统多传感器故障诊断的仿真证明了此法的有效性和优越性．     

Model-based fault diagnosis using fuzzy matching

A new fuzzy-model-based approach to fault detection and diagnosis is proposed. The scheme uses a set of fuzzy reference models which describe faulty and fault-free operation, and a classifier based on fuzzy matching for fault diagnosis. The reference models are obtained off-line from simulation data. A fuzzy model which describes the actual behavior of the plant is identified online from normal operating data and compared to each of the reference models. A degree of similarity is evaluated every time the online fuzzy model is identified. Dempster's rule of combination is used to combine new evidence with that already collected. The method of diagnosis accounts for any ambiguity (which may result from fault-free and faulty operation, or different faults, having similar symptoms at a given operating point) by comparing the fuzzy reference models with each other. Results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme when it is used to detect and identify faults in the cooling coil subsystem of the air-handling unit of both simulated and experimental air-conditioning plant     

Complex system fault diagnosis based on a fuzzy robust wavelet support vector classifier and an adaptive Gaussian particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes a robust loss function that penalizes hybrid noise (i.e., Gaussian noise, singularity points, and larger magnitude noise) in a complex fuzzy fault-diagnosis system. A mapping relationship between fuzzy numbers and crisp real numbers that allows a fuzzy sample set to be transformed into a crisp real sample set is also presented. Furthermore, the paper proposes a novel fuzzy robust wavelet support vector classifier (FRWSVC) based on a wavelet base function and develops an adaptive Gaussian particle swarm optimization (AGPSO) algorithm to seek the optimal unknown parameter of the FRWSVC. The results of experiments that apply the hybrid diagnosis model based on the FRWSVC and the AGPSO algorithm to fault diagnosis demonstrate that it is both feasible and effective. Tests comparing the method proposed in this paper against other fuzzy support vector classifier (FSVC) machines show that it outperforms them.     

基于模糊推理的配电网单相接地故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于模糊推理的配电网单相接地故障诊断方法,即采用模糊理论对传统的零序电流群体比幅法、暂态零序电流互积求和法、信号注入法这三种传统的配电网单相接地故障诊断方法进行改进,根据模糊推理理论将三种故障诊断方法的诊断结果融合以综合判断;针对配电网支路多且复杂,但每条支路并不长的特点,对配电网络进行化简分层,并采用基于模糊推理的配电网单相接地故障诊断方法对分层后的配电网进行逐层判断,最终确定诊断结果。分析结果表明,该故障诊断及电网分层诊断方法能够准确、快速地判断出故障线路。     

Minimum rational entropy fault tolerant control for non-Gaussian singular stochastic distribution control systems using T-S fuzzy modelling

In this paper, a new fault diagnosis (FD) and fault tolerant control (FTC) algorithm for a non-Gaussian nonlinear singular stochastic distribution control (SDC) system is studied. The rational square-root fuzzy logic model is used to approximate the output probability density function of non-Gaussian processes and a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is employed to transform the non-Gaussian nonlinear SDC system into a fuzzy SDC system. An adaptive fuzzy fault diagnosis observer is constructed to achieve reconstruction of system state and fault. Based on the estimated fault information, the controller is reconfigured by minimising the performance index with regard to the rational entropy subjected to mean constraint. Minimum rational entropy fault tolerant control is introduced to make the output of the past-fault SDC system still have the minimum uncertainty. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the FD and minimum rational entropy FTC algorithm.     

基于EasyEnsemble的化工过程故障诊断性能改进

化工过程故障诊断中样本数据分布不均衡现象普遍存在.在使用不均衡样本作为训练集建立各类故障诊断分类器时,易出现分类器的识别率偏置于多数类样本的结果,由此产生虽正常状态易识别,但更受关注的故障状态却难以被诊断的现象.针对该问题,本文提出一种基于Easy Ensemble思想的主元分析–支持向量机(Easy Ensemble based principle component analysis–support vector machine,EEPS)故障诊断算法,通过欠采样方法抽取多数类样本子集组建多个新的均衡数据样本集,使用主元分析(principle component analysis,PCA)进行特征提取并使用支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法进行训练,得到多个基于SVM的故障诊断分类器,然后使用Adaboost算法集成最终的分类,从而提高故障诊断准确性.所提方法被用于TE(Tenessee Eastman)化工过程,实验结果表明,EEPS算法能够有效提高分类器在不均衡数据集上的诊断性能和预报能力.     

基于模糊推理的SDG故障诊断新方法

针对纯定性的SDG推理方法忽略了SDG图中节点之间的影响程度不同导致诊断分辨率不高这一问题,提出了在纯定性SDG推理的基础上用模糊矩阵的形式加入节点间相互影响关系的定量信息的推理新方法,可对多潜在故障源划分优先级,从而提高SDG故障诊断的分辨率。相对于其他模糊SDG故障诊断方法,本方法勿需使用隶属函数,取而代之的是模糊矩阵,后者的获取易于前者,且采用矩阵的表示方法方便了计算机编程的实现。     

基于改进图卷积神经网络的配网线路故障诊断

随着电网的不断扩容,系统结构越来越复杂,多故障频发,而多故障是故障诊断的关键和难点。为解决故障处理数据量大,需要快速、准确地诊断电网故障的问题,本文提出了一种基于模糊优化图卷积神经网络的配网故障诊断模型。首先处理采集的配网故障线路的特征数据;其次,搭建基于图卷积神经网络的故障诊断模型,利用模糊理论建立配电网故障的隶属函数;最后利用训练好的模型进行配网故障诊断。仿真结果表明,模糊优化图卷积神经网络对多故障诊断的准确率高于卷积神经网络以及其他方法,本文方法做出的诊断结果更加精确,综合诊断效果最好。     

Car assembly line fault diagnosis based on triangular fuzzy Gaussian support vector classifier machine and modified genetic algorithm

This paper presents a new version of fuzzy support vector classifier machine to diagnose the nonlinear fuzzy fault system with multi-dimensional input variables. Since there exist problems of Gaussian noises and uncertain data in complex fuzzy fault system modeling, the input and output variables are described as fuzzy numbers. Then by integrating fuzzy theory, Gaussian loss function and v-support vector classifier machine, the fuzzy Gaussian v-support vector regression machine (Fg-SVCM) is proposed. To seek the optimal parameters of Fg-SVCM, the modified genetic algorithm (GA) is also applied to optimize parameters of Fg-SVCM. A diagnosing method based on Fg-SVCM and GA is put forward. The results of application in fault diagnosis of car assembly line show the hybrid diagnosis model based on Fg-SVCM and PSO is feasible and effective, and the comparison between the method proposed in this paper and other ones is also given, which proves this method is better than other v-SVCMs.     

基于ResNet和领域自适应的轴承故障诊断研究

轴承故障诊断在实际工业场景中意义重大。基于信号处理方法和机器学习方法,往往非常依赖先验知识,难以保证特征提取的有效性,深度学习方法要求训练集和测试集满足同一分布,这在工业现场难以满足,使得模型性能大幅下降。提出一种基于多层领域自适应的故障诊断方法,能够实现多种类、多尺寸的轴承故障诊断。首先,采用预训练好的ResNet18(Residual Network)作为特征提取器,并对每个残差块提取的特征计算MK-MMD(Multiple Kernel-Maximum Mean Discrepancy)距离,通过同时匹配高层和低层特征以有效匹配边缘分布差异。其次,每个残差块提取的特征都进入与之匹配的分类器中,通过Softmax层计算的预测概率分布,并转化为伪标签,缩小条件分布差异。最后,引入Adam优化器,对整体模型参数进行优化,加快模型训练,提高模型收敛速度。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够有效提取可迁移特征,在负载变化的场景下达到了较高的诊断精度,并具有一定的泛化能力。     

基于PCA-KFCM的船舶柴油机故障诊断

为提高船舶柴油机故障诊断的准确率和深刻反映船舶柴油机的运行状况,结合主元分析(PCA)的特征提取优势和模糊核聚类(KFCM)具有较好聚类效果的特点,提出了一种新的船舶柴油机故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用主元分析对船舶柴油机故障的训练和测试数据集进行特征提取,消除了故障征兆之间的相关性;然后对经特征提取后的训练样本进行模糊核聚类,并用网格法确定其中的参数,得到聚类中心。最后通过计算测试样本集中各样本与聚类中心在高维特征空间中的欧氏距离,得出最终的故障诊断结果。对MAN B&W 10L90MC型船用柴油机的故障诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。因此,应用提出的方法对船舶柴油机进行故障诊断具有重要的实际意义。     

联合选择特征和分类器参数模型的模拟电路故障诊断

为了提高模拟电路故障诊断准确率,提出一种联合选择特征选和分类器参数模型的模拟电路故障诊断方法（Feature-Classifier）。将模拟电路故障特征子集和分类器参数编码成为粒子,然后粒子根据目标函数通过信息交流和互相协作找到最优特征子集和分类器参数,并根据最优特征子集对样本进行约简;分类器根据最优参数对约简后样本进行训练建立模拟电路故障诊断模型,并通过仿真实例对性能进行测试。结果表明,相对于其他模拟电路故障诊断方法,Feature-Classifier能够较快找到最优特征子集与分类器参数,不仅提高了模拟电路故障诊断准确率,并加快了故障诊断速度。     

Fault diagnosis of roller bearing using fuzzy classifier and histogram features with focus on automatic rule learning

Roller bearing is one of the most widely used elements in rotary machines. Condition monitoring of such elements is conceived as pattern recognition problem. Pattern recognition has three main phases: feature extraction, feature selection and feature classification. Histogram features can be used for fault diagnosis of roller bearing. This paper presents the use of decision tree for selecting best few histogram features (bin ranges) that will discriminate the fault conditions of the bearing from given train samples. These features are extracted from vibration signals. A rule set is formed from the extracted features and fed to a fuzzy classifier. The rule set necessary for building the fuzzy classifier is obtained largely by intuition and domain knowledge. This paper also presents the usage of decision tree to generate the rules automatically from the feature set. The vibration signal from a piezoelectric transducer is captured for the following conditions – good bearing, bearing with inner race fault, bearing with outer race fault, and inner and outer race fault. The histogram features were extracted and good features that discriminate the different fault conditions of the bearing were selected using decision tree. The rule set for fuzzy classifier is obtained by once using the decision tree again. A fuzzy classifier is built and tested with representative data. The results are found to be encouraging.     

基于T-S模糊故障树的混凝土泵车泵送液压系统故障诊断

针对混凝土泵车泵送液压系统结构复杂,故障发生概率、故障机理和故障程度具有模糊性的特点,提出了基于T-S模糊故障树的泵送液压系统故障诊断方法。该方法用模糊数描述液压元件和系统的故障概率,解决了故障概率的不确定性;用T-S模糊门描述事件间的联系,解决了故障机理和事件联系的模糊性;用模糊数描述故障的严重程度,考虑了故障程度对系统的影响。将该方法运用到了混凝土泵车泵送液压系统的故障诊断中,取得了较好的效果。     

Fault tolerant control using a fuzzy predictive approach

This paper proposes the application of fault-tolerant control (FTC) using fuzzy predictive control. The FTC approach is based on two steps, fault detection and isolation (FDI) and fault accommodation. The fault detection is performed by a model-based approach using fuzzy modeling and fault isolation uses a fuzzy decision making approach. The information obtained on the FDI step is used to select the model to be used in fault accommodation, in a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. The fault accommodation is performed with one fuzzy model for each identified fault. The FTC scheme is used to accommodate the faults of two systems a container gantry crane and three tank benchmark system. The fuzzy FTC scheme proposed in this paper was able to detect, isolate and accommodate correctly the considered faults of both systems.     

改进动态因果图与模糊推理融合故障诊断方法

在复杂的控制系统发生故障时,运维系统能保证对其进行快速、可靠的故障诊断尤为重要。针对复杂控制系统中控制信号多、信号关联性强、故障状态多、部件故障模式多的情况,提出一种改进动态因果图与模糊推理融合的故障诊断方法,利用改进动态因果图逻辑表达能力强,能因果互推的特点,构建多重（正向、反向、混合）模糊规则,有效克服了模糊逻辑推理中只能由因溯果而不能由果溯因的难题,同时,将动态因果图的动态特性引入到模糊规则的动态更新中,增强了模糊推理的实时性。最后,以某型装甲设备垂直力矩电机控制过程的故障诊断为应用背景,在自行研制的故障诊断平台中嵌入此法进行故障诊断测试,测试结果分析表明,此法能有效提高诊断效率,具有更高的准确性、先进性、适用性。     

化工过程故障诊断的模糊概率Petri-net的研究

本文研究基于模糊与概率信息的模糊概率Petri-net故障的诊断方法，概率信息用来解决问题冲突，模糊信息用来解决故障诊断不确定性并计算诊断的可靠性。在石油化工装置中的应用表明，这种方法是行之有效的。     

二叉树型多分类器融合的轴承故障诊断方法

多分类器融合能有效集成多种分类算法的优势,实现优势互补,提高智能诊断模型的稳健性和诊断精度。但在利用多数投票法构建多分类器融合决策系统时,要求成员分类器数目多于要识别的设备状态数,否则会出现无法融合的情况。针对此问题,提出了一种基于二叉树的多分类器融合算法,利用二叉树将多类分类问题转化为多个二值分类问题,从而各个节点上的成员分类器个数只要大于2即可,有效避免了成员分类器数目不足的问题。实验结果表明,相比单一分类器的诊断方法,该方法能有效地实现滚动轴承故障智能诊断,并具有对各神经网络初始值不敏感、识别率高且稳定等优势。     

基于结点优化的决策导向无环图支持向量机及其在故障诊断中的应用

支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)是利用离在线数据自动建立故障诊断模型的智能方法,它在多故障诊断时, 必须先进行多分类扩展. 决策导向无环图(Decision directed acyclic graph, DDAG)法是一种性能优秀的多分类扩展策略, 但该方法的决策结果与结点的排部密切相关, 而其结点的排部却是主观的, 影响了诊断的正确率. 本文提出一种根据故障数据的空间分布来优化结点排部的方法, 它能够提高支持向量机诊断的正确率. 采用该方法扩展的多分类支持向量机在变压器故障诊断中获得良好效果.