有机氟类化合物作为油田化学品的应用

简要介绍了目前油田领域存在的技术难题及油田化学品的发展方向。介绍了各类有机氟聚合物的优良性能,包括高表面活性、高耐热稳定性、高化学稳定性、憎水憎油特性等。这些优良的性能使其在油田领域有广泛的应用,有效地解决了复杂地质条件下钻井和采油的难题。从钻井、采油、集输三个方面综述了有机氟聚合物在油田领域中的应用。它可用于油田钻井中的钻井液、助排剂;油田采油中的驱油添加剂、原油破乳剂;油田集输中的稠油降粘剂、原油降凝剂、原油捕获剂、燃油增效剂、油罐防腐剂。     

氟表面活性剂在油田领域的应用

氟表面活性剂具有高稳定性、高表面活性、憎水憎油性等应用特点,因而在油田钻井领域、采油领域以及集输领域具有广泛的应用空间。通过氟表面活性剂在油田领域的应用进行探究,分析氟表面活性剂的特点、氟表面活性剂在各领域的应用,以促进氟表面活性剂的应用价值和社会效益的提升。     

表面活性剂的性能与应用(ⅩⅦ)——表面活性剂在石油工业中的应用

综述了表面活性剂在钻井、采油和油气集输过程中的作用及其原理、使用类型,其中在钻井中可作降黏剂、降滤失剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、页岩和泥浆抑制剂、缓蚀剂、起泡剂、消泡剂,在采油中可作驱油剂、堵水剂、酸化用添加剂、防蜡剂,在油气集输中可作原油破乳剂和降凝降黏剂。最后对石油工业用表面活性剂的发展方向提出了几点建议。     

表面活性剂在油田中的应用

综述了表面活性剂在油田中的应用。在钻井中 ,表面活性剂用作起泡剂、乳化剂、页岩抑制剂、润滑剂等 ;在采油中 ,表面活性剂用作驱油剂、培水剂、酸化添加剂、压裂添加剂、防蜡剂、乳化降粘剂、解堵剂等 ;在原油集输中 ,表面活性剂用作破乳剂、消泡剂、除油剂、防垢剂、缓蚀剂、杀菌剂等。同时介绍了油田用表面活性剂的发展趋势。     

表面活性剂在油田中的应用及新进展

综述了表面活性剂在钻井、油田处理、原油集输三个方面的应用及最新进展。同时指出了油田用表面活性剂的发展趋势。     

油田化学品的品种与市场

简介了油田化学品中的钻井化学品、采油化学品、集输用化学品,并简介了主要从业公司。页岩气开采中水力压裂技术的应用增加了瓜尔胶及其衍生物和聚合表面活性剂的使用。     

表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物耐盐和耐温性对原油降粘和钻井液的影响

表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物在油田钻井及采油等领域具有广泛用途，在油田钻井和开采中，利用表面活性剂的低张力和聚合物的粘度达到钻井、采油和驱油的目的。它们的使用环境是各种矿物质组成的地层和含矿化度的地层水。由于高矿化度水的张力比纯水要高得多，     

油田用表面活性剂的现状及发展趋势

按照油田化学品的分类方法,根据用途可将油田用表面活性剂分为钻井用表面活性剂、油气开采用表面活性剂、提高采收率表面活性剂、油气集输用表面活性剂和水处理用表面活性剂等.……     

表面活性剂在油田中的应用

系统介绍了表面活性剂在油田上的应用,主要包括油田水处理用表面活性剂、提高石油采收率用表面活性剂、油气集输用表面活性剂、钻井用表面活性剂、油气开采用表面活性剂等,并总结各种表面活性剂的研究现状和发展趋势。     

油田用表面活性剂现状和发展趋势

系统介绍了油田用表面活性剂的应用以及目前国内外的研究现状,包括钻井用表面活性剂、油气开采用表面活性剂、提高采收率表面活性剂、油气集输用表面活性剂、油田水处理用表面活性剂等,并分别讨论了各类油田用表面活性剂的发展趋势.     

A New Series of Double-Chain Single-Head Sulfobetaine Surfactants Derived from 1,3-Dialkyl Glyceryl Ether for Reducing Crude Oil/Water Interfacial Tension

A new series of sulfobetaine surfactants with double-chain single-head structure were derived from 1,3-dialkyl glyceryl ethers and their performances in reducing Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension (IFT) in the absence of alkali were studied. With a large hydrophilic head group and double hydrophobic chains, these surfactants are efficient at reducing crude oil/connate water IFT. Those with didecyl and dioctyl are good hydrophobic surfactants that can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water to ultra-low IFT by mixing with a small molar fraction of various conventional single-chain hydrophilic surfactants, such as α-olefin sulfonates, dodecyl polyoxyethylene (10) ether, and cetyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine. The asymmetric double-chain sulfobetaine derived from 1-decyl-3-hexyl glyceryl ether can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water IFT to ultra-low solely over a wide concentration range (0.03–10 mM or 0.0017–0.58 wt.%), which allows for use of an individual surfactant instead of mixed surfactants to avoid chromatographic separation in the reservoir. In addition, formulations rich in sulfobetaine surfactants show low adsorption on sandstone, keeping the negatively charged solid surface water-wet, and forming crude oil-in-water emulsions. These new sulfobetaine surfactants are, therefore, good candidates for surfactant-polymer flooding free of alkali.     

国内外强化采油用表面活性剂研究进展

中国石油对外依存度持续上升,而采收率持续下降。中国剩余石油储量中大部分为高温高盐、低渗透、稠油油藏等难以开采的苛刻油藏。化学驱强化采油技术目前所使用的石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等常规表面活性剂由于活性低、耐盐性差而导致低效甚至无效。综述了新型表面活性剂,如阴-非离子表面活性剂、双子及寡聚表面活性剂、甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、烷基糖苷表面活性剂、黏弹性表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂、阴阳离子混合表面活性剂等的研究进展。讨论了国内外强化采油用表面活性剂评价方法的差异。最后,对采油用表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

Functions of Demulsifiers in the Petroleum Industry

There are an increasing number of crude oil fields that are now producing both crude oil and water emulsions; such fields are both onshore and offshore. These emulsions are formed during oil exploitation due to the presence of natural surfactants, such as asphaltenes and resins. These molecules strongly stabilize the water/oil interface and prevent coalescence of water droplets. As water/oil phase separation is necessary before oil transportation and refining, demulsifiers are used to break water-in-oil emulsions. This review presents the crude oil emulsion formation, factors affecting demulsification of crude oil emulsion such as demulsifier chemical structure, water content, partition coefficient (K_P), and demulsifier concentration. This review also covers the kinetics and mechanism of the demulsification process.     

表面活性剂在石油工程中的应用研究进展

表面活性剂在石油工程的油气钻井、开采及储运中均有很广泛的应用。综述了表面活性剂在石油工程中的研究及应用现状,由于国内一些大型油气藏已到开采后期,油田采收率较低,利用表面活性剂可以提高采收率。高分子类型的表面活性剂既能提高波及系数,又能提高洗油效率,是很好的驱油助剂。目前不少油田在开采低渗透油藏以及页岩油气藏,压裂液助剂的开发研究是现在及将来的一个研究热点。     

Advanced development in upstream of petroleum industry using nanotechnology

Nowadays, energy supply is one of the most important issues due to limitation of oil, gas and coal sources. Because of rapid population, civilization and energy consumption growth, the improved technologies to make optimal use of the sources, solving related problems and finding new energy sources are important. More than 10 years ago, nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies has also been applied to progress in the oil and gas industry (upstream, midstream and downstream). The experience of these years has shown that application of nanotechnology in the oil industry improves the exploration of crude oil and natural gas (underground or deep water), drilling and bringing the crude oil or raw natural gas to the surface, as well as transportation, storage, processing and purifying methods. Nanoparticles with high specific surface area, pore volume and small size show unique physical and chemical properties, which could be applied in several applications. In this regard, many researchers have been focused on various nanoparticles for upstream industries and studied their potential in oil exploration, drilling, production and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Also, in downstream and midstream which involve refining of crude oil, processing and purifying of raw natural gas, transportation and storage of crude or refined petroleum products, the nanomaterials have been used to improve the quality of oil and make it appropriate for the environment. Lowering sulfur gasoline, enhancing the octane number and coating the transportation system are among the goals that have been achieved successfully using nanotechnology. In this work, various types of nanoparticles such as metallic, metal oxide, hybrid nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, nano-composites and their applications in oil upstream industry are reviewed. Also, their usage in different types of oil upstream processes is discussed.     

Jatropha oil and karanja oil as carbon sources for production of sophorolipids

Biosurfactants like sophorolipids (SL) are mild and environmentally friendly surfactants to be used in cosmetics and health care products. In addition to surfactant properties, SL also possess antimicrobial and skin healing properties. SL are produced by microbial fermentation using refined vegetable oils with glucose as a carbon source. This affects the economics of the production of SL. In the present work, non‐traditional oils like jatropha oil, karanja oil, and neem oil were used as newer feedstock for fermentative production of SL using Starmerella bombicola (ATCC 22214). In the fermentation, jatropha oil and karanja oil gave 6.0 and 7.6 g/L of SL (mainly lactonic form), respectively. HPLC, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer, and ¹H NMR of crude SL obtained from fermentation broth showed lactonic form of two major SL. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were preferentially consumed over other fatty acids by the organism. Neem oil gave lower yield, i.e., 2.63 g/L of SL (mainly acidic form). Practical applications: Jatropha oil and karanja oil are one of the non‐traditional oils grown wildly in India that have large potential that is still to be explored. These oils contain non‐glycerides components that exclude their use as edible oil. These oils can be used as substrate for SL that can find novel applications like in soil remediation, skin care production, antimicrobial agents, low foaming detergents, and food additives. The current study has provided proof of concept work that has indicated the potential of these oils to be used as substrate for SL. It has opened new avenues and there is further scope to improve the yield by validating the process parameters like aeration rate, residual substrate recycle and pH control.     

氟硅表面活性剂的制备及应用研究进展

综述了氟硅表面活性剂的合成方法,简述了氟硅表面活性剂的类别特征及其研究现状,介绍了氟硅表面活性剂的性能优点及其应用。