天线时域平面近场测试的误差分析

天线时域近场测试技术对误差体系研究的缺失,导致测试结果的不确定度分析一直无法完成.为解决这一问题,以天线时域平面近场测试为例,对时域近场测试的误差进行研究,给出时域测试区别于频域测试技术的四个误差项:探头调制误差、信号源稳定度误差、时间采样间隔误差、时间采样长度误差.在给出误差项后,对误差的产生机理进行了讨论,通过仿真和实测给出了误差对测试结果的影响.     

Real time frequency domain fiberoptic temperature sensor

The excited state phosphorescence lifetime of alexandrite crystals is used to monitor temperature in the physiological range from 15-45°C with precision and accuracy of 0.2°C. A 500-μm cubic alexandrite crystal bounded to the distal end of an optical fiber of similar core dimensions is excited with pulsed Ne-He laser light. This apparatus uses a sampler for data acquisition and frequency domain methods for data fitting. The instrument amplifies the AC components of the detector output and band limits the signal to 12.5 kHz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 195.13 Hz to obtain 64 harmonics. This band limited signal is sampled and averaged over few hundred cycles in the time domain. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio of each sampled harmonic are then computed. Five to 50 values of the phase and modulations are averaged before computing the sensor lifetime. The instrument is capable of measuring precise and accurate excited state lifetimes from subpicowatt luminescent signals in plastic optical fibers. A least squares fit yields the lifetimes of single exponentials. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the backscatter excitation seen by the photodetector leaking through optical interference filters. The phosphorescence lifetimes measured reproducibly to about three parts in a thousand are used to monitor physiological temperature. Temperatures are computed employing empirical polynomials. The system drift is negligible over 15 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow 1.3-s update times and 30-s full response times     

多波长光声信号的时域与频域比较

为了分析在不同激发波长下不同组织/目标光声信号的时域与频域特点和差异,根据光声信号产生的基本原理,采用光声信号时域和频域分析方法,设计了石墨仿体和离体组织等不同样品的多光谱光声实验。结果表明,样品的光声信号在时域与频域所展示的性能有很大的不同,不同样品的光声信号的声谱是不同的,且在不同激发波长下的声谱的峰值所对应的频率均相同,因而可以用于组织特性的描述、组分识别等用途。此研究有助于利用光声成像实现组织识别,并为进一步利用频谱分析方法研究多光谱光声成像奠定了基础。     

高精度的时域频率稳定度测量仪的研制

目前对时域频率稳定度测量仪的主要要求是测量范围宽,可同时进行短期和长期稳定度测量,测量精度高,可以进行无间隙测量,可以和上位机通讯等。本文主要基于差拍法研制了一个稳定度测量仪器,对整机的设计和两个关键技术即高稳定度的频率合成器的研制和高分辨率具有无间隙测量能力的拍频测量装置的研制做了详细介绍。整机的本底稳定度约为1.3×10-10/ms,4.0×10-11/10ms,5.5×10-12/100ms,1.8×10-12/1s,5.0×10-13/10s,测量范围是1MHz到30MHz。与国内外的主要产品比较,它主要具有宽测量范围和可无间隙测量的优点。     

FDTD法计算高频单极天线特性

用时域有限差分法（Ｆｉｎｉｔｅ Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ Ｔｉｍｅ Ｄｏｍａｉｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）计算天线阻抗特性,可以使用不同的激励方式,文章比较了采用不同激励方式时,天线的输入阻抗。文中的主要内容是将表面阻抗法用于ＦＤＴＤ中,计算架设在介质平面上单极天线的辐射特性,并用ＦＤＴＤ法计算了介质平面上铺设不同尺寸的导体平面时,单极天线的输入阻抗随导体平面尺寸变化的特性。     

"时间窗"对天线时域平面近场测试结果的影响

天线时域近场测试技术是一种新兴的、测试宽带场和工作在窄脉冲激励下天线辐射场的高效的测试技术.因为它可以利用"时间窗"技术进行信号处理,使其相对频域测试具有独特的优势.本文在已建立的天线时域近场测试系统的基础上,从实验的角度,对"时间窗"参数在天线时域平面近场测试中的影响进行验证分析.举例了三个波段标准天线方向图的测试分析结果,并得出初步结论.     

共面波导差分馈电频率可重构天线

提出了一种共面波导(coplanar waveguide, CPW)差分馈电频率可重构天线.通过直流偏置电路来控制天线上四个PIN二极管的导通和断开模式, 天线可以工作在两种状态, 实现在2.02~2.89 GHz和3.27~3.66 GHz两个频段的重构, 阻抗带宽分别为35.4%和11.3%, 且天线辐射方向图受频率可重构的影响较小, 天线在两种状态下的平均增益分别可达3.18 dBi和3.61 dBi.该天线充分利用共面波导天线结构简单和频带宽的优势, 实现了差分馈电技术与频率可重构技术的完美结合.天线的实测结果与仿真结果非常接近, 可应用于WLAN的2.45 GHz和WiMAX的2.45 GHz、3.5 GHz两个频段.     

基于频域数据采样和时域信号同步的超宽带时间反转成像

提出一种基于频域数据取样和时域信号同步的超宽带（Ultrawideband,UWB）时间反转（Time-Reversal,TR）成像方法.单个发射机发射UWB脉冲信号到探测区域,时间反转镜（Time Reversal Mirror,TRM）的每个天线单元对散射信号进行细频和粗频数据采样,得到各自单元的频率-频率-多站数据矩阵（individual-FF-MDM）.把所有单元的该矩阵堆砌起来,形成一个全体单元的频率-频率-多站数据矩阵（full-FF-MDM）,并对full-FF-MDM进行奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）,得到耦合了目标位置信息的左奇异值向量.将每一个左奇异值向量变换成时域脉冲回传辐射,则来自TRM各单元的回传辐射信号在相应目标处同时到达波形的最大值,而在非该目标处则不能同时达到最大值.于是,定义各单元的回传信号乘积作为目标成像函数,可获得良好的横向和纵向分辨率.     

Cross-shaped dielectric resonator antenna analysis using conformalfinite difference time domain method

A cross-shaped dielectric resonator antenna, designed for circular polarisation, is analysed via the conformal finite difference time domain technique. The conformal technique, which can handle canted surfaces that do not conform to the Cartesian system of co-ordinates, is used to generate accurate results with a relatively coarse mesh, e.g. it is shown that the conformal FDTD offers a 2:1 advantage over staircasing, without compromising accuracy     

Comparison of MC-CDMA with DS-CDMA using frequency domain and time domain RAKE receivers

In this paper a multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) system with a soft decision differential phase shift keying (DPSK) frequency domain RAKE receiver is described. We compare a MC-CDMA system with a direct sequence CDMA system using RAKE receivers. In contrast with previous MC-CDMA systems, guard intervals are not used and the carriers are spaced at the reciprocal of the bit rate, optimising the usage of the bandwidth. In this way a comparison can be made between the multicarrier CDMA system described and a direct sequence (DS-CDMA) system with the same bandwidth. The results presented are received bit error rates from Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations are conducted in a multipath channel with Rayleigh fading and 300 Hz Doppler spectrum with additive white Gaussian noise. It is shown that the multicarrier CDMA matched filter receiver performs favourably compared to the direct sequence CDMA matched filter receiver for 1 -path fading. For a single user at a receive bit error rate of 1×10^–3 in the 4-path fading channel the multicarrier RAKE receiver requires no knowledge of the channel delay spread and performs 3 dB worse than the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver simulated. The performance of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver for a single user increases with increasing channel dispersion. The performance of the DS-CDMA RAKE receiver for multiple user is superior to that of the MC-CDMA RAKE receiver.     

Modelling of coaxial-fed microstrip patch antenna by finite difference time domain method

A direct three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to coaxial-fed microstrip antennas. The model is shown to be an efficient and accurate tool for modelling coaxial-fed structures. The reflection coefficient can be determined from the simulated time-domain wave that is reflected down the coaxial line. Excellent agreement over a wide frequency range is shown in two cases between the measured and FDTD derived results.<>     

Mixed time/frequency domain approach to model reduction

The letter considers the problem of reducing the transfer function of a given system to a lower order. The approach proposed appears to be suitable in cases where both the frequency-domain and the time-domain characteristics of the given system are to be preserved in the reduced order model.     

频率步进激励信号的时域特性研究

将频率步进扫频信号用于电声测量系统工作过程中的激励信号,测量精度相对较高,但测量速度慢。并且,在频率不同的两段正弦激励信号衔接播放时,时域信号存在冲击量,如不加以改善,既延长了激励信号的过渡过程时间,又降低了测量精度。使用希尔伯特变换计算激励信号的时域包络曲线,可以分析冲击量的强度,且通过在激励信号频率步进衔接段采用时域加窗及平滑方法,可以降低这一冲击量的强度。理论分析和实验试听表明,该方法可以提高正弦激励信号频率步进时信号播放时的平滑度,降低冲击量,缩短过渡过程时间,且为改善测量精度提供一定的支持。     

A STEALTHY ANTENNA WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE REFLECTOR

A Cassegrainian antenna with frequency selective reflector is introduced, and the measured radiation properties and radar cross-section (RCS) of the antenna are given and discussed. In comparison with ordinary metallic reflector, this antenna can obtain similar radiation pattern and about 15dB of RCS reduction.     

A template for shaped-beam satellite antenna patterns

A modified template is proposed for shaped-beam satellite antenna patterns for use in orbit-planning studies of a fixed satellite service. Based on a previously discussed simple model, the template now includes the effects of beam scanning, aperture blockage, and surface errors. It is found to agree well with the measured data on current satellites and is a reasonable upper bound specification for future satellite antennas     

基于时域/频域OCDMA系统的一种新型二维变码重光正交码构造

构造了一种适用于光码分多址(OCDMA)系统的新型二维变码重光正交码(2D-VWOOC),用于满足不同用户及业务对服务质量(QoS)的不同要求,以两两正交拉丁方阵序列(MOLS)为波长跳频序列,以一维严格变码重光正交码(1D-SVWOOC)为扩时序列。分析了该码字在不同参数(码长、码重及波长数)下的码字性能;在相同条件下与其他二维变码重光正交码进行对比,该码字码容量较大,误码率相对其他码字低9～17个数量级。在Optisystem仿真中,当系统传输速率为16 Gbits/s时,码重为4比码重为2的用户误码率低2个数量级,能获得清晰端正的眼图。     

Block time and frequency domain modified covariance algorithms forspectral analysis

Block modified covariance algorithms are proposed for autoregressive parametric spectral estimation. First, the authors develop the block modified covariance algorithm (BMCA) which can be implemented either in the time or in the frequency domain-with the latter being more efficient in high-order cases. A block algorithm is also developed for the energy weighted combined forward and backward prediction. This algorithm is called energy weighted BMCA (EWBMCA) and its performance is analogous to that of the weighted covariance method proposed by Nikias and Scott (1983). Time-varying convergence factors, designed to minimize the error energy from one iteration to the next, are given for both algorithms. In addition, three updating schemes are presented, namely block-by-block, sample-by-sample, and sample-by-sample with time-scale separation. The performance of the proposed algorithms is examined with stationary and nonstationary narrowband and broadband processes, and also with sinusoids in noise. Lastly, the authors discuss the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms and give performance comparisons to existing modified covariance algorithms     

Time domain antenna holography

Time domain holography from direct time domain far field measurements is presented as a novel, fast approach to antenna diagnostics, which offers a greater insight into the electrical properties of antennas than that possible using standard frequency domain holography. Experimental results from one array antenna measured in a compact range are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of the new approach     

Construction of a two-dimensional-VWOOC based on time domain/frequency domain optical CDMA system #$TAB

In this paper, a new two-dimensional variable weight optical orthogonal code (2D-VWOOC) for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system is constructed. It takes the C as the frequency hopping sequence and the strict variable weight optical orthogonal code (SVWOOC) as the time spreading sequence. The code can meet the different quality of service (QoS) requirements of different users. Under the same time spread sequence, the bit error rate (BER) of QCHC/SVWOOC is 3~9 orders of magnitude lower than that of other similar 2D-VWOOCs. In Optisystem simulation, when the transmission rate of the system is 14 Gbits/s, the BER of users with code weight 4 is 7 orders of magnitude lower than that of users with code weight 2, and a clear and correct eye diagram can be obtained.     

利用时频域稀疏性的LFM信号盲源分离方法

信号分离是雷达电子对抗的重要环节。考虑到雷达信号在时频域具有稀疏性的特点,在独立分量分析的基础上,提出了一种基于时频域稀疏性的线性调频雷达信号盲源分离方法。首先对混合信号进行短时傅里叶变换,在每个频点利用自然梯度算法分离信号,由分离信号幅度的比值作为对源信号后验概率的估计;然后根据相邻频点后验概率序列的相关性进行排序,确保各个频点的分离信号属于同一个源信号;最后设计时频掩码分离信号。进行了线性调频雷达信号卷积混合的盲分离实验,所提方法分离结果明显优于传统独立分量分析方法的分离结果,验证了该方法的有效性。