反枝苋水提物对高脂饮食小鼠的降血脂作用

目的:研究反枝苋水提物调节高脂血症小鼠血脂的功效。方法:通过高脂肪饮食(high fatdiet,HFD)构建高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分为空白对照组(Con)、高脂模型组(Mod)、洛伐他汀组(Lovastatin,10 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋低剂量组(AR-L,430 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋高剂量组(AR-H,740 mg/kg/d)。空白组给予普通饲料喂养,其余各组给予高脂饲料喂养,同时按相应剂量灌胃给药。干预8周后,检测血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein Cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平,肝脏HE染色观察组织病理学变化。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、MDA水平极显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C、SOD水平极显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,反枝苋高剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),LDL-C、MDA、AST水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型比较,反枝苋低剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA、AST水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);HE染色结果显示,反枝苋水提物可明显减轻肝细胞内脂质沉积和肝脏脂肪变性程度。结论:反枝苋水提物能显著降低高脂血症模型小鼠的血脂水平,并能改善其肝功能。     

青钱柳多糖对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用及机制初探

为初步探究青钱柳多糖(CPP)对高脂血症小鼠降血脂作用和机制,将高脂血症小鼠随机分为模型对照组、辛伐他汀组、空白对照组以及青钱柳低、中、高剂量组,每组16组。模型对照组与空白对照组均喂以等量的无菌水,辛伐他汀组喂以4 mg/kg的辛伐他汀与CMC-Na(0.5%)的混悬液,青钱柳低、中、高剂量组分别喂以100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg和400 mg/kg的CPP水溶液,连续喂养4周。实验结束后,测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FFA水平和LPS活力,取肝脏做病理形态学观察,用RT-PCR方法测定HSL m RNA的表达量。结果表明,与模型对照组相比,CPP组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C的水平和LPS的活力(P0.01)均显著降低,HDL-C和FFA的水平(P0.01)则显著增加;CPP组小鼠肝脂变程度较模型组有不同程度的改善;相比于模型对照组,CPP组的HSL m RNA的表达量均显著上升(P0.05)。综上,CPP可以明显降低高脂血症小鼠血脂水平,改善其因摄入过多脂质而导致肝脏脂肪变性。     

大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用

为研究大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对高脂血症小鼠降血脂作用的影响,通过建立高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、空白组、大豆磷脂组以及大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低(5 g/kg)、中(15 g/kg)和高剂量组(30 g/kg),连续饲料喂养4周后,测定血清相关指标,并进行肝脏病理观察。结果表明:大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂具有抑制小鼠体重增加的作用。血清指标数据分析显示,与模型组相比,大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低剂量组可显著降低TC、TG水平及AI_1、AI_2值(p0.05),对降低LDL-C和提高HDL-C水平差异不显著,而中和高剂量组均能显著降低TC、TG和LDL-C水平以及AI_1、AI_2值,可以显著提高HDL-C水平(p0.05),表明大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂具有调节高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的作用;小鼠肝脏病理组织学观察显示,大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低剂量组对小鼠肝细胞无明显影响,而中和高剂量组可以明显修复小鼠肝细胞变性。结果提示大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂可预防小鼠肝脏的脂肪性病变,有助于降低动脉粥样硬化发生的风险。     

复方海藻膳食纤维对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究

研究复方海藻膳食纤维的降血糖作用。小鼠尾静脉注射(i.v.)四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病模型,模型小鼠随机分为高、中、低剂量组、模型对照组、阳性对照组,另设空白对照组。高、中、低剂量组小鼠,每天灌胃(i.g.)相应剂量的复方海藻膳食纤维混悬液,阳性对照组灌胃200mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍,空白对照组灌胃生理盐水。灌胃30d,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和甘油三酯(TG),手术摘取小鼠胰腺组织做病理切片。与模型对照组相比:高、中剂量组空腹血糖水平极显著下降(p<0.01),体重减少症状得到显著改善(p<0.05);中剂量能显著改善葡萄糖耐量、升高血清HDL-C、降低TG水平,高剂量能极显著升高血清HDL-C并显著降低LDL-C、TG;病理切片结果显示,高、中剂量能有效减小胰岛β细胞受损程度。结论:复方海藻膳食纤维能有效降低糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖水平,并能有效减轻胰岛β细胞受损程度。     

植物甾醇酯对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂作用研究

对不同剂量的植物甾醇酯对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平的影响进行研究。饲喂高脂饲料建立小鼠高脂血症模型,然后对小鼠饲喂高脂饲料的同时灌胃不同剂量(50、75、100、125、150mg/(kg ·d))的植物甾醇酯。结果表明：与高脂模型组比较,植物甾醇酯会明显降低血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(HDL-C/LDL-C)和HDL-C/TC值,降低动脉硬化指数,对甘油三酯(TG)水平却无明显影响;植物甾醇酯具有调节血脂的作用,高于75mg/(kg ·d)植物甾醇酯可显著降低(P＜0.05)高血脂模型小鼠的血脂水平。     

石榴籽油对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

目的:研究石榴籽油对高脂血症和脂质过氧化的调节作用。方法:50只雌性Wistar大鼠按体重均衡随机分为5组:空白对照组,模型对照组,石榴籽油高、低剂量组,辛伐他汀组,除空白对照组饲喂普通饲料外,其余各组饲喂高脂饲料并进行干预实验比较。结果:12w后,血清与肝脏TC、TG、MDA、LDL-C、AI等指标,高脂模型组均显著高于空白对照组(p<0.05或p<0.01),而HDL-C/TC、SOD活力均下降(p<0.05或p<0.01);石榴籽油小剂量组血清与肝脏TC、TG、MDA、血清LDL-C、AI等指标均显著低于高脂模型组(p<0.05或p<0.01),而HDL-C/TC、SOD活力均升高(p<0.05或p<0.01)。结论:石榴籽油对大鼠的高脂血症和动脉硬化的形成有明显的抑制作用。     

苦菜黄酮对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢及保肝作用

探讨苦菜黄酮（flavonoids from Sonchus oleraceus L.,FSOL）对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢及肝脏的保护作用。选择60 只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为6 组：正常对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组（辛伐他汀,10 mg/kg）以及FSOL低剂量组（50 mg/kg）、中剂量组（100 mg/kg）、高剂量组（200 mg/kg）,正常对照组饲喂基础饲料,其余组饲喂高脂饲料,连续饲喂5 周后测定小鼠血清中总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）及肝脏中TC、TG、MDA、SOD等指标水平,并观察肝脏的组织形态变化。结果表明：FSOL能抑制高脂血症小鼠体质量的增长,降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、MDA水平和动脉粥样硬化指数,并且降低肝脏中TC、TG、MDA水平和肝脏指数;另外,SOD和HDL-C水平都有不同程度提升,说明FSOL对高脂血症小鼠具有较好的降血脂和保肝作用,可能与其改善脂质代谢和增强机体抗氧化能力有关,这为FSOL的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。     

南瓜多糖对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

研究南瓜多糖对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂的影响.对正常小鼠灌胃高低两个剂量(200、400 mg/kg)的南瓜多糖水溶液,对四氧嘧啶造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型对照组、南瓜多糖组(400 mg/kg的PP)和优降糖组(15 mg/kg的优降糖),以灌胃给药.对两种类型小鼠的处理均设立正常对照组,给予等体积的生理盐水,测定小鼠空腹的血糖、胰岛素、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C的含量.结果表明,高剂量的南瓜多糖对正常小鼠的降血糖和降血脂效果优于低剂量.南瓜多糖使糖尿病小鼠的血糖与模型对照组相比极显著降低,胰岛素极显著升高,TC、TG、LDL-C显著降低.HDL-C极显著升高,并且南瓜多糖的降血糖降血脂效果与优降糖相比无显著差异.     

油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用

目的：研究油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用。方法：通过DPPH和羟基自由基法测定油菜花粉提取物的抗氧化活性。将60只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组（200 mg/kg）、油菜花粉提取物低、中、高剂量组（2,4,8 g/kg）。除正常组给予正常饲料,其它各组给予高脂饲养,同时每天给药1次,连续饲养10周后,检测小鼠血清、肝脏中相关生化指标及p-AMPK和AMPK蛋白表达,HE染色法观察肝脏组织的病理变化。结果：油菜花粉提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,经过干预后,与模型组相比,高剂量组小鼠肝脏质量显著性降低;所有干预组小鼠血清中AST、ALT、TG、TC和LDL-C水平及肝脏组织中TG、TC和MDA水平均显著降低,血清中HDL-C和肝脏组织中SOD水平均显著增加,肝组织中p-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著上调,并改善肝组织病理损伤症状。结论：油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病具有预防作用,其机制可能与调控AMPK信号通路有关。     

两种提取工艺的辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响

探讨两种提取工艺(压榨和超声辅助溶剂萃取)所得辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响。采用醋酸泼尼松灌胃处理小鼠建立免疫抑制动物模型,将小鼠按体重随机分为空白组(5%羧甲基纤维素钠,20 mL/kg)、模型组(醋酸泼尼松,10 mg/kg)、两种提取工艺辣木籽油(1、2 g/kg)剂量组、两种提取工艺辣木籽油(1、2 g/kg)+醋酸泼尼松剂量组。小鼠经连续灌胃给药2周,测定小鼠体重、廓清指数、吞噬指数、免疫器官(胸腺和脾脏)指数,研究两种提取工艺辣木籽油对小鼠免疫活性的影响。结果表明:与空白组相比,两种提取工艺辣木籽油高剂量组均能显著增加正常小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数和廓清指数(P 0. 05或P 0. 01);与模型组相比,两种提取工艺辣木籽油高剂量组对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官(胸腺和脾脏)指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数和廓清指数均有显著增强作用(P 0. 01),但对其体重无显著影响。证明两种提取工艺的辣木籽油具有等效的免疫增强作用且具有剂量依赖性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the