油脂加氢脱氧制备第二代生物柴油催化剂研究进展

第二代生物柴油作为一种重要的石化柴油替代燃料,具有较好的应用前景,催化剂是制约其发展的重要因素。综述了油脂加氢脱氧催化剂的研究新进展,重点论述了油脂加氢脱氧制备第二代生物柴油的反应机制以及催化剂的活性组分、助剂、载体等,分析了催化剂失活的原因,并指出了今后的发展方向。贵金属基催化剂价格昂贵,导致生物柴油生产工艺的成本高,限制了其大规模的工业化生产和技术发展;过渡金属基催化剂价格便宜,但存在催化效果较差、催化剂容易失活等问题;助剂和载体也极大地影响催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性。综上,对非贵金属基催化剂改性、添加助剂或采用改性复合载体,开发新型、高效、稳定性好的油脂加氢脱氧催化剂是今后的发展方向。     

Ni-B超细非晶态合金催化剂的油脂氢化活性研究

研究了Ni—B超细非晶态合金催化剂催化菜籽油、大豆油的加氢性能；并与Raney—Ni加氢催化剂进行了对比。结果表明，Ni—B非晶态合金催化剂对菜籽油、大豆油加氢具有很高的活性，其催化加氢性能优于Raney-Ni催化剂。Ni—B超细非晶态合金催化剂可作为一种高效的催化材料应用于不同油脂的催化加氢。     

简讯

Y101型食用油脂加氢催化剂通过技术鉴定 Y101型食用油脂加氢催化剂是由南京化学工业公司研究开发研制的,一九八九年十二月二十七日,该催化剂在南京通过了技术鉴定。 Y101型催化剂是镍/硅藻土系催化剂,主要用于对食用油进行选择性氢化以用来制备人造奶油和起酥油等产品,经在重庆油脂化学厂和驻马店食品油脂厂引进的生产装置上试用,表明该催化剂在生活,选择性,过     

脂肪酸催化加氢工艺评述

本文评述氢化脂肪酸及脂肪酸加氢还原制醇的催化剂及工艺。提出了天然油脂脂肪酸加氢还原制醇的工艺路线选择及发展建议。     

食用油脂多元加氢催化剂的制备研究

用浸渍法制备负载在凹凸棒土载体上的多元(Fe、Cu、La)镍基催化剂用于食用油脂加氢,通过碘值的测定评价催化剂的活性,并讨论了不同因素对催化剂活性的影响。     

食用油脂多元加氢催化剂的制备研究

用浸渍法制备负载在凹凸棒土载体上的多元(Fe、Cu、La)镍基催化剂用于食用油脂加氢,通过碘值的测定评价催化剂的活性,并讨论了不同因素对催化剂活性的影响。      

Ni/γ-Al_2O_3油脂加氢催化剂的制备研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,硝酸镧为助剂,采用沉淀法制备了负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3油脂加氢催化剂。考察了中和反应温度、中和反应时间、搅拌速度和老化时间对催化剂活性的影响,得到催化剂最佳制备条件为:中和反应温度85℃,中和反应时间60 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,老化时间1.5 h。分别采用X射线衍射、物理吸附和激光粒度测定对自制催化剂和两种进口催化剂进行了表征,结果表明自制催化剂的比表面积和粒度分布与进口催化剂接近,孔容、孔径较进口催化剂大得多。采用棕榈油加氢反应对比了3种催化剂的加氢性能,结果显示自制催化剂活性优于进口催化剂。     

新型油脂加氢催化剂Cu-Zn-Zr的研究

研究了油脂加氢用新的催化体系Cu-Zn-Zr,催化剂可用Cu(NO3)2.3H2O,Zn(NO3)2.6H2O,ZrOC l2.8H2O和Na2CO3为原料,采用一步并流共沉淀法制备。研究结果表明,Cu-Zn-Zr催化剂对大豆油加氢具有很高的活性,该催化剂的催化活性已达到美国DM-Ⅱ和日本SN进口产品的水平。用ASAP-2000型物理吸附仪测定了催化剂的比表面积、比孔容积、孔结构和孔径分布,揭示了在不同焙烧温度下制备的Cu-Zn-Zr催化剂活性存在差异的原因。     

不饱和油脂加氢制硬化油催化剂的研究(Ⅰ)——制备条件对催化剂活性的影响

以SiO2 为分散剂用沉淀法制备了不饱和油脂加氢单元镍催化剂 ,研究了制备过程中SiO2 含量、焙烧温度、还原温度及时间对活性的影响。研究表明 :较低的焙烧温度和还原温度 ,缩短还原时间都有利于提高催化剂的活性     

食用油脂加氢改性催化剂的研究

研究了用沉淀法和化学混合法制备的用食用油脂加氢改性的镍催化剂,控制合适的制备条件,可以制得与进口催化剂活性相当的单元镍催化剂他制备方法和制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,沉淀法条件不同影响预期,影响活性,化学混合法可以控制镍含量,制得活性组分高分散度,载体高比表面积的催化剂。Ｎi/硅藻土的活性与镍含量不是线性关系,镍含量最佳值在１７％左右。Ｎi/SiO2的活性随镍含量增加而提高,镍含量以２０％左右为好。硅藻土和用溶胶－凝胶法制备的二氧化硅表面积相差悬殊,但载体表面积与催化剂活性没有必然联系。用Ni/硅藻土和Ｎi/SiO加氢后除熔点升高外不改变油脂的其他物理性质。     

水酶法提取油脂研究进展

油脂来源十分广泛,因而高效、安全、环保的提取技术在油脂工业化生产中具有重要的意义。水酶法提取油脂条件温和、绿色、安全、生产工艺简单且所得油脂营养价值较高,在不同油脂原料的提取中具有应用潜力。对水酶法提取油脂的原理和优缺点进行了介绍,重点综述了水酶法在植物油脂、动物油脂和微生物油脂提取中的应用研究进展,以及水酶法与其他辅助手段的联用,以期为水酶法油脂提取技术的发展和应用提供参考。     

Distinguishing lard from other animal fats in admixtures of some vegetable oils using liquid chromatographic data coupled with multivariate data analysis

Detection of animal fat adulterants in vegetable oils is of great importance from commercial and health perspectives. Distinguishable identification of lard contamination in some vegetable oils has been attempted in this study. Vegetable oils, namely palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), and canola oil (CLO), were spiked with different proportions of animal fats, such as lard (GLD), beef tallow (BT), and chicken fat (CF). High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses were performed to monitor the triacylglycerol (TAG) compositional changes in the oil samples before and after adulteration. The results showed that qualitative determination of lard contamination in PKO was possible by a visual comparison of TAG profiles of PKO adulterated with different animal fats with those of the animal fats. This approach was not useful for PO and CLO. However, by subjecting liquid chromatographic data to multivariate procedures, distinguishable grouping of lard-contaminated samples was achieved for all three oils.     

国际标准化组织动植物油脂国际标准制定（网络首发、推荐阅读）

Increasing volumes of oils and fats are produced annually with a large section that are traded internationally. The International Organization for Standardization(ISO) body develops international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing with 23,882 standards currently published. Standards in the animal and vegetable fats and oils sector is developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 11, Animal and vegetable fats and oils. Standards are developed through consensus by national members that represent ISO in their country. Each Standard is developed within a determined timeframe and goes through various pre-determined stages such as project proposal, development, national voting and commenting on the draft Standard to final publication. ISO TC34/SC11 Standards range from sampling of oils and fats, sample preparation to analysis of its composition, the minor components, and quality and identity parameters as well as contaminants. The analysis results are used by industry for product development, labelling, research and to provide peace of mind for consumers on its safety. An important future trend is the focus on the safety concerns from either environmental contamination(e.g. mineral oils) or processing contaminants such as esters of 3-MCPDs(3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol or 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol).     

Discriminant Analysis of Selected Edible Fats and Oils and Those in Biscuit Formulation Using FTIR Spectroscopy

Recently, lard adulteration has highlighted the importance of checking raw materials and food products in order to assure their authenticity. Discriminant analysis (DA) using selected frequency regions (3,050?C2,800, 1,800?C1,600, and 1,500?C650 cm^?1) was exploited for the classification of lard and other commercial vegetable oils and animal fats. As a result, the Cooman plot showed that all vegetable fats/oils and animal fats, including lard, are clustered in a distinct group. DA was also employed to assign real food samples, in particular biscuit, into one of two groups. In addition, DA is a very useful means for Halal screening technique in order to enhance the Halal authentication process.     

饲用油脂品质初步调查分析

目的以油脂中脂肪酸含量和极性成分为依据,用气相色谱法和快速筛查试剂盒对饲料用油脂品质进行初步分析。方法取自国内饲料企业的280份饲料用油脂样品,包括猪油、鸭油、鸡油、大豆油、大豆磷脂油、玉米油、米糠油、棕榈油等动植物油脂和未知种类的油脂,与自制或采购标准的动物油脂和植物油脂,进行脂肪酸种类、含量和极性成分的测定,对其品质作出初步判定。结果脂肪酸分析结果证明,动物油样品和植物油样品中的部分脂肪酸成分含量均发生不同程度的降低或增高;极性成分检测的83个样品中,其中标准值为0.1,极性成分吸光值在0.147～0.947的样品占55个,阳性率达66.26%。结论未知类型样品超过半数为不合格样品;未知油脂样品脂肪酸组成不符合单一油脂比值范围,推断可能为混合油脂。根据极性成分含量高低不同,判断部分样品可能为复炸油。     

精馏技术在油脂工业中的应用

精馏技术是现代物质传递理论在过程工业分离领域中非常重要的应用方法.综述了精馏技术在油脂工业中的应用进展,主要介绍了减压精馏技术、分子蒸馏技术以及高压精馏技术在现代油脂工业中的应用,并对精馏技术在今后油脂工业的应用前景及发展方向进行了阐述.     

Determination of Milk Fat Adulteration with Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats by Gas Chromatographic Analysis

This study assessed the potential application of gas chromatography (GC) in detecting milk fat (MF) adulteration with vegetable oils and animal fats and of characterizing samples by fat source. One hundred percent pure MF was adulterated with different vegetable oils and animal fats at various concentrations (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%). GC was used to obtain the fatty acid (FA) profiles, triacylglycerol (TG) contents, and cholesterol contents. The pure MF and the adulterated MF samples were discriminated based on the total concentrations of saturated FAs and on the 2 major FAs (oleic acid [C18:1n9c] and linoleic acid [C18:2n6c], TGs [C52 and C54], and cholesterol contents using statistical analysis to compared difference. These bio‐markers enabled the detection of as low as 10% adulteration of non‐MF into 100% pure MF. The study demonstrated the high potential of GC to rapidly detect MF adulteration with vegetable and animal fats, and discriminate among commercial butter and milk products according to the fat source. These data can be potentially useful in detecting foreign fats in these butter products. Furthermore, it is important to consider that several individual samples should be analyzed before coming to a conclusion about MF authenticity.     

生物柴油研究现状和发展趋势

生物柴油是由动植物油脂或长链脂肪酸与甲醇等低碳醇合成脂肪酸甲酯,是一种环境友好型可再生能源。该文简要介绍生物柴油概念、性质、制备方法和分析方法及其在国内外研究现状,讨论我国生物柴油产业存在一些问题和今后研究方向。     

食用油中掺入低价动物油脂鉴别方法的研究进展

动物油脂是动物脂肪组织经提取精炼而成的油脂。动物油脂因资源丰富,具有独特风味,广泛应用于食用油、起酥油、制备肉味香精,同时也是生产肥皂、甘油和饲料的重要原料。因动物油脂成本低廉,不法商贩受利益驱使在食用植物油或高价动物油脂中掺加低价动物油脂,严重扰乱了市场秩序,侵害消费者合法权益和身体健康。近年来,近红外光谱法与拉曼光谱等光谱法、气相色谱与液相色谱及其质谱联用技术、实时分析质谱、低场核磁共振等技术应用于动物油脂掺假鉴别技术研究。本文对主要动物油脂掺假鉴别技术进行综述,并对其发展趋势进行了综述,以期为动物油脂的掺假鉴别技术研究提供参考。