磷脂酶A1对大豆毛油脱胶效果的影响

以大豆毛油为原料,研究磷脂酶A1 添加量、柠檬酸溶液添加量、脱胶温度和脱胶时间对脱胶效果以及中性油脂肪酸和甘油酯组成的影响。结果表明,磷脂酶A1 脱胶的最佳反应条件为20 mg/100 g 油的磷脂酶A1、0.15 mL 45% 柠檬酸溶液、50 ℃脱胶温度、4 h 反应时间。在最佳的脱胶工艺条件下,磷脂酶A1 脱胶中性油中含磷量降至0.47 mg/kg,油脂得率（95.55%）高于酸化脱胶中性油的得率（92.94%）。酶法脱胶中性油与毛油的脂肪酸和甘油酯组成相比,酶法脱胶中性油的脂肪酸组成没有明显变化,甘油酯组成中的甘一酯和甘二酯相对含量减少、甘三酯相对含量增加;与酸化脱胶油脚相比,磷脂酶A1 脱胶油脚中溶血磷脂（溶血磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺和溶血磷脂酰肌醇）的相对含量增加至48%。     

磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra和磷脂酶C复合对冷榨菜籽油脱胶的影响北大核心CSCD

为了提高脱胶效率,以冷榨菜籽原油为原料,磷脂含量为指标,采用磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra和磷脂酶C复合酶法对冷榨菜籽油进行脱胶。采用单因素试验考察磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra反应时间、磷脂酶C反应时间、加水量、磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra添加量、磷脂酶C添加量、柠檬酸溶液添加量对脱胶油磷脂含量的影响,并通过响应面法优化脱胶条件。对优化的脱胶条件下所得到的脱胶油的理化指标进行了检测,并与国标一级压榨菜籽油进行了比较。结果表明:磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra和磷脂酶C对冷榨菜籽油进行酶法脱胶的最佳工艺条件为磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra添加量33 mg/kg,磷酯酶Lectase Ultra反应时间90 min,磷脂酶C添加量65 mg/kg,磷脂酶C反应时间60 min,加水量33 mL/kg,柠檬酸溶液添加量1.2 mL/kg;在优化条件下脱胶,脱胶油中磷脂含量为2.3 mg/kg,脱胶油的过氧化值和酸值均达到一级压榨菜籽油的国家标准。综上,磷脂酶Lecitase Ultra和磷脂酶C复合脱胶效果较好,所优化的工艺条件可用于菜籽油的脱胶。     

菜籽油磷脂酶C脱胶工艺优化及效果分析

分别研究了柠檬酸添加量、酶加入量、温度、加水量和时间5个单因素对磷脂酶C(PLC)脱胶效果的影响,在单因素基础上,采用响应面试验设计,对主要脱胶工艺参数进行优化,得到最佳条件:柠檬酸添加量5.80m L/kg,加酶量12.60 m L/kg,酶解温度42.20℃,在该条件下验证,菜籽毛油磷含量由693 mg/kg降低至7.85mg/kg。采用棒状薄层色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(TLC-FID)对毛油与脱胶油中甘油酯含量进行检测,结果表明:脱胶油中甘一酯的含量变化不明显,甘二酯含量从约2.5%增加到约6.5%,而甘三酯的含量从约93%下降到约89%;而同样采用TLC-FID对水化脱胶磷脂与PLC脱胶磷脂中的溶血磷脂进行检测,分析得知,PLC脱胶磷脂中溶血磷脂含量比水化脱胶磷脂中的高出约50%,酶法脱胶的酶解率显著升高。研究结果表明,磷脂酶C脱胶比常规水化脱胶更有效和彻底,可为油脂精炼提供了一定理论参考。     

大豆油酶法脱胶的生产应用

以大豆毛油为原料,添加磷脂酶进行酶法脱胶,通过生产实际应用,确定酶法脱胶工艺参数为:磷脂酶A1和磷脂酶C混合酶用量45 mg/kg,pH 5,加水量2％,反应温度52℃,反应时间2h.在此条件下,脱胶油磷含量可降至5 mg/kg,精炼成品油总磷含量可降至1.4 mg/kg,非水化磷脂去除率达到99.3％以上,精炼成品油得率可达97.3％.对比特殊脱胶方法,精炼成品油经济效益提高了74.42元/t.     

大豆原油酶法脱胶

为促进酶法脱胶的产业化应用,分别采用PLA₁单酶脱胶和PLC联用PLA₁双酶脱胶对7个批次大豆原油进行脱胶,测定油脂得率、油脚出率、脱胶油磷含量及酸值,并与传统水化法进行比较,考察大豆原油酶法脱胶的效果。结果表明：酶法脱胶油脂得率显著提升,利用PLA₁单酶脱胶和PLC联用PLA₁双酶脱胶其油脂得率较水化脱胶分别提升了0.86、1.41百分点,且双酶脱胶较单酶脱胶油脂得率也有明显提升,平均提升0.55百分点;酶法脱胶可以将大豆油的磷含量降至10 mg/kg以下,甚至可降至5 mg/kg左右;酶法脱胶的油脚出率较水化脱胶明显降低,单酶脱胶和双酶脱胶分别降低了0.72百分点和1.22百分点,且双酶脱胶较单酶脱胶油脚出率平均降低了0.49百分点;酶法脱胶的酸值(KOH)较传统水化法均有所升高,单酶脱胶和双酶脱胶分别提升了0.63 mg/g和0.61 mg/g,双酶脱胶与单酶脱胶相比没有显著差异。酶法脱胶显著提高了油脂得率,脱胶油磷含量降至10 mg/kg以下,可以直接与物理精炼工艺联合使用。     

四级浓香菜籽油酶法脱胶工艺条件优化

选取磷脂酶PLA_1,对四级浓香菜籽油进行酶法脱胶工艺研究。分别研究了酶添加量、50%柠檬酸添加量、去离子水添加量、酶解时间对四级浓香菜籽油酶法脱胶效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面实验设计,对酶法脱胶工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:四级浓香菜籽油酶法脱胶最佳工艺条件为水浴温度55℃、酸反应时间3 min、酶添加量22 mg/kg、50%柠檬酸添加量260mg/kg、去离子水添加量2%、酶解时间120 min,在该条件下酶法脱胶油磷脂含量为22. 26 mg/kg,酸价(KOH)为2. 31 mg/g,收率为96. 81%。     

非洲山毛豆油酸法与酶法脱胶工艺优化

以非洲山毛豆毛油为试验材料,研究了酸法脱胶与酶法脱胶工艺参数对其脱胶效果的影响.在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验得出柠檬酸辅助脱胶的最佳条件为:柠檬酸添加量3.0 g/kg,脱胶温度70℃=,加水量4.5%,脱胶时间30 min.该条件下磷脂脱除率达93.95%,脱胶油的磷含量为28.91 mg/kg.利用均匀设计法确定了磷脂酶脱胶的最佳工艺参数为:脱胶时间5.5 h,酶添加量0.60 IU/g,脱胶温度57℃,加水量3.7%,pH 4.7.在此条件下脱胶油的磷含量为9.853 6mg/kg.试验证明,采用酶法可有效去除非水化磷脂,达到更好的脱胶效果.     

响应面法优化新型磷脂酶PLC＿MED193大豆油脱胶工艺的研究

利用大肠杆菌工程菌制备大量重磷脂PLC＿MED₁₉₃,将其应用于大豆毛油的脱胶过程中,在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面试验,得出磷脂酶用于大豆毛油脱胶的最佳工艺条件,即脱胶温度60℃、加酶量300 U/kg、脱胶pH 5.6、加水量3.0 mL、脱胶时间6 h,在此条件下,脱胶后大豆油的磷含量从36.75 mg/kg降低至(5.25±0.03)mg/kg,磷脂酰胆碱PC和磷脂酰乙醇胺PE含量降低至23 mg/g和20 mg/g,满足后续油脂精炼要求。     

菜籽油磷脂酶C脱胶与水化脱胶条件优化及效果对比研究

以菜籽毛油为原料,分别利用二次回归正交实验对菜籽毛油磷脂酶C(PLC)脱胶工艺和常规水化脱胶工艺进行优化,按照国标要求,对两种不同脱胶方式生产的菜籽油的磷脂含量、水分、过氧化值等基本指标进行检测,并对指标结果进行对比。确定了PLC用于菜籽毛油脱胶的最优工艺参数为p H5.4、酶添加量10μL/kg、酶解温度42℃,经PLC脱胶后菜籽油磷脂含量为7.45mg/kg;水化脱胶最优工艺参数为作用时间4.8h、操作温度86℃、加水量为毛油磷脂含量的3.2倍,经水化脱胶后菜籽油磷脂含量为76.32mg/kg。且酶法脱胶油整体上比水化脱胶油品质更好,酶法脱胶油经常规精炼后可达到国家一级油标准,该研究可为菜籽油酶法脱胶工业生产提供一定的理论参考。     

微藻DHA油脂的酶法脱胶工艺研究

采用嗜热真菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)产磷脂酶A1对裂殖壶菌产DHA毛油进行脱胶处理,以脱胶油磷含量、酸价为考查指标,先对脱胶时间、反应温度、加酶量和加水量等因素进行单因素实验,然后通过正交实验得出微藻DHA油脂的最佳脱胶条件为:脱胶时间3h,反应温度45℃,加酶量0.6mL/100g油,加水量为2mL/100g油;此条件下油脂中磷脂含量从158.1mg/kg降到4.6mg/kg,酸价变化较小。与传统的脱胶工艺相比,新型酶法脱胶优势明显,具有良好的应用前景。     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.