吸附精制对芝麻香油多环芳烃脱除和风味保留的影响

本文研究了吸附精制对芝麻香油中多环芳烃的脱除效果及对芝麻香油感官风味和三种脂类伴随物的影响。结果表明:3种吸附剂对多环芳烃的脱除效果依次为:Norit活性炭→WY2活性炭→活性白土。吸附精制处理后芝麻油样中苯并[a]芘残留量皆不超过我国国标限量(苯并[a]芘小于10μg/kg)。采用油重0.2%的Norit活性炭或0.5%的WY2活性炭可以将芝麻香油中苯并[a]芘和PAH4含量脱除至符合或接近符合出口欧盟的限量要求(苯并[a]芘小于2μg/kg,PAH4小于10μg/kg),吸附精制芝麻香油中苯并[a]芘残留量分别为0.83和1.50μg/kg,PAH4残留量分别为4.85和10.94μg/kg,同时芝麻香油风味的损失很小,维生素E、芝麻素和芝麻林素的保留率较高。综合考虑对芝麻香油中多环芳烃脱除、风味及营养成分保留的综合效果,采用0.5%WY2活性炭进行吸附精制最为合理。     

植物油中多环芳烃脱除技术的研究

以亚麻籽油为原料,研究了使用复合吸附剂物理吸附的方法脱除食用植物油中的多环芳烃(PAHs)。结果表明:由活性炭和白土按质量比1∶2组成的复合吸附剂对精炼亚麻籽油中PAHs的脱除效果最佳;对于精炼亚麻籽油最优脱除工艺条件为吸附温度100℃、吸附时间20 min,在此工艺条件下,当精炼亚麻籽油中PAHs含量较高时,每增加1%吸附剂可以吸附B(a)P 10~15μg/kg、4种PAHs(B(a)P、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、■)40~50μg/kg;对于冷榨亚麻籽油最优脱除工艺条件为吸附温度40℃,吸附时间20 min,在此工艺条件下,当冷榨亚麻籽油中PAHs含量较高时,每增加1%吸附剂可以吸附B(a)P约7μg/kg、4种PAHs约30μg/kg。     

吸附法脱除花生油中苯并(a)芘的效果研究

为了降低花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量,同时兼顾花生油色泽,采用活性炭和活性白土复合吸附剂对花生油中苯并(a)芘进行吸附脱除,通过单因素实验研究了活性炭种类、复合吸附剂添加量、复合吸附剂配比、吸附温度和吸附时间对花生油中苯并(a)芘脱除效果的影响,并采用正交实验对吸附工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性白土和FC1X活性炭复合对花生油中的苯并(a)芘具有最好的脱除效果,最优工艺条件为复合吸附剂添加量2%、活性白土与FC1X活性炭质量比20∶1、吸附时间20 min、吸附温度130℃,在最优条件下花生油中的苯并(a)芘含量降至0.12μg/kg,远小于欧盟限量2μg/kg,色泽为Y10、R0.7。复合吸附剂能有效吸附脱除花生油中99%以上的苯并(a)芘,且花生油呈淡黄色、澄清透明,满足企业生产要求。     

大豆油精炼过程中多环芳烃的迁移规律

明确大豆油精炼过程多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）风险成分的迁移规律,以便于食品中PAHs的风险防范和控制。通过对大豆油精炼生产中脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油、脱臭油和对应加工助剂磷酸、烧碱、活性白土以及精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物样品中PAHs组分含量的检测,分析PAHs在大豆油精炼生产中的迁移规律。结果显示：大豆油精炼用加工助剂中均含有PAHs,磷酸、烧碱和活性白土中苯并[a]芘（benzo[a]pyrene,BaP）含量分别为0.95、1.84?μg/kg和0.71?μg/kg,欧盟限量控制的4?种PAHs（PAH4）（苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽和BaP）含量为2.81、16.81?μg/kg和8.85?μg/kg,美国优先控制的16?种PAHs（PAH16）含量为26.18、112.61?μg/kg和111.85?μg/kg;在大豆油水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱臭过程BaP的脱除率分别为7.57%、23.57%、91.65%,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色、蒸馏脱臭过程PAH4的脱除率分别为15.93%、10.41%、19.31%、50.91%,PAH16的脱除率分别为15.45%、11.59%、6.66%、52.99%;大豆油精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物中BaP含量分别为0.45、0.90、0.52、12.49?μg/kg,PAH4含量分别为10.14、7.39、9.69、300.50?μg/kg,PAH16含量分别为261.60、434.49、156.29、2?775.15?μg/kg。     

吸附法脱除油脂中多环芳烃的效果研究

以花生油为原料,以吸附剂种类、吸附剂用量、吸附温度和吸附时间为单因素试验考察因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究吸附法对油脂中多环芳烃的脱除效果及最佳脱除条件。结果表明,不同种类吸附剂对花生油中多环芳烃的脱除效果依次为:Norit-8015活性炭WY2号活性炭WY1号活性炭Kermel活性炭活性白土凹凸棒土。综合考虑对花生油中B(a)P、HPAHs、PAH4、LPAHs和PAH16的脱除率以及对花生油香味的保留和生产成本,优化的脱除条件为:WY2号活性炭用量1.0%,吸附时间35min,吸附温度110℃。在此条件下,花生油中B(a)P、HPAHs、PAH4、LPAHs及PAH16的残留量分别为0.06、0.69、1.74、95.11μg/kg及80.90μg/kg,脱除率分别为99.74%、99.28%、98.65%、85.75%及89.41%,若仅考虑B(a)P、PAH4的残留量达到欧盟标准(分别为≤2μg/kg和≤10μg/kg),WY2号活性炭的添加量为0.5%就可满足要求,此时B(a)P和PAH4的残留量分别为0.53μg/kg和6.64μg/kg,脱除率分别为97.79%和94.86%。     

亚麻籽油中苯并(α)芘的脱除工艺

针对亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘残留问题,采用了物理吸附法脱除亚麻籽油中的苯并（α）芘。以活性炭与活性白土为吸附剂,通过二者单独作用及其混合使用,比较三种吸附剂对苯并（α）芘的吸附速率,并采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱法结合NIST标准图谱库对经脱除装置处理前后的亚麻籽油中不饱和脂肪酸成分含量进行了鉴定分析。结果表明活性白土的固定用量为4%时,苯并（α）芘脱除率将近达到40%;活性炭的用量为2%时,其脱除率达到83%;将二者串联使用时,脱除率可达到96%。另外苯并（α）芘浓度<15 μg/kg时使用活性白土吸附过滤;苯并（α）芘浓度为15~30 μg/kg时使用活性炭吸附过滤;苯并（α）芘浓度>30 μg/kg时使用二者串联吸附过滤,因此物理吸附法去除亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘效果最好的是将活性白土与活性炭串联处理,其最佳条件为:活性粘土与活性炭串联比例为0.8%+4%,在此条件下去除率可达96%。同时利用吸附剂对亚麻籽油中不饱和脂肪酸并没有造成损失。综上,本文为亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘的脱除提供了理论依据。     

葵花籽油中多环芳烃及色泽的吸附脱除研究

利用混合吸附剂对葵花籽油中16种多环芳烃(PAH16)及色泽进行吸附脱除。通过单因素试验考察了活性白土、活性炭、混合吸附剂用量、吸附温度、吸附时间对葵花籽油中PAH16及色泽脱除效果的影响,并采用正交试验对吸附脱除条件进行了优化。结果显示,在混合吸附剂用量为活性白土3%+活性炭1%、吸附温度110℃、吸附时间35 min的最优条件下,葵花籽油中BaP(苯并[a]芘)、PAH4(欧盟限定的4种多环芳烃)、HPAHs(6种重质多环芳烃)、LPAHs(10种轻质多环芳烃)、PAH16的脱除率分别为99.88%、95.49%、97.63%、83.63%、85.71%,残留量分别为0.02、2.09、0.83、42.18、43.01μg/kg,BaP和PAH4残留量达到并明显优于出口欧盟的要求,同时油脂脱色率为79.43%,达到了一级油的色泽指标。     

冷冻除脂-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测食用植物油中30 种多环芳烃

建立冷冻除脂--气相色谱-串联质谱检测食用植物油中30?种多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAH）的方法。选用6?种氘标记PAH为内标,样品经乙腈--丙酮溶液（4∶1,V/V）于离心管中涡旋提取,10?000?r/min离心5?min,－80?℃对油脂冷冻固化,倾出提取液,再经减压浓缩和氮气吹干,以二氯甲烷复溶,气相色谱--串联质谱多反应监测方式进行检测。结果表明,在相应质量浓度范围内30?种PAH均有良好线性（R2＞0.998）,检出限为0.10～1.83?μg/kg,定量限为0.35～6.11?μg/kg,在5、20?μg/kg和50?μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为67.77%～119.28%,相对标准偏差为1.18%～12.47%。采用本方法对市售11?类38?个食用植物油样品的检测显示,萘、1-甲基萘、2--甲基萘、联苯、2,6--二甲基萘、苊烯、苊、2,3,6--三甲基萘、芴、二苯并噻吩、菲、蒽、1-甲基菲、荧蒽、芘、环戊烯[c,d]芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[e]芘和苯并[a]芘的检出率均为100%;5--甲基屈、苝、茚并[1,2,3--c,d]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝和二苯并[a,l]芘的检出率分别为86.84%、63.16%、81.58%、21.05%、81.58%和26.32%;二苯并[a,e]芘和二苯并[a,h]芘未检出;PAH总量为92.56～905.16?μg/kg,其中苯并[a]芘含量为1.94～7.40?μg/kg,依据食品安全标准限量,PAH处于较安全水平。     

食用植物油中EU15+1PAHs污染情况及精炼过程对其含量的影响

采用气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法对4种食用植物油(菜籽油、花生油、芝麻油、茶籽油)共150份样品进行欧盟优控的15+1种多环芳烃(PAHs)检测,分析比较不同油种和不同级别油的污染情况,并对稻米油的精炼过程的样品检测,分析探讨食用植物油中PAHs污染的关键环节,为科学合理提出控制其健康风险的管理措施提供依据。结果显示:我国市售食用植物油不同程度地受到PAHs的污染,检出率在5%~90%之间,平均污染水平范围0.30~4.72μg/kg;PAH4为主要污染物,平均含量12.50μg/kg,其中污染最为严重,检出率90%,平均含量4.72μg/kg;苯并(a)芘作为食用植物油的重要卫生指标,平均含量2.27μg/kg;4种食用植物油中花生油污染最为严重;稻米油精炼过程中脱酸和脱色工序显著降低了PAH4的含量,成品油苯并(a)芘含量小于2μg/kg,∑PAH4含量小于10μg/kg,达到了良好的品质。     

花生油的复配吸附剂脱毒工艺优化

旨在寻找安全、高效、低成本的花生油吸附脱毒工艺,以脱酸花生油为研究对象,通过比较活性炭、活性白土、凹凸棒土、膨润土4种吸附剂对花生油中苯(a)并芘(BaP)和黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)的吸附脱除效果,挑选合适的2种吸附剂进行复配用于花生油的脱毒。以吸油率、过滤速度、BaP含量、AFB₁含量、成本为指标,采用单因素试验及正交试验对复配吸附剂脱毒工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：活性炭和膨润土进行复配脱除BaP和AFB₁的效果较好;最佳复配吸附剂脱毒工艺条件为活性炭和膨润土复配比例1∶5(质量比)、吸附剂添加量2.0%(以脱酸花生油质量计)、反应时间20 min、反应温度90℃,在此条件下复配吸附剂的吸油率为39.47%,过滤速度为2.08 mL/min, BaP含量从32.11μg/kg降至0.15μg/kg, AFB₁含量从19.45μg/kg降至0.12μg/kg,吸附剂成本低至4.41元/t。优化的工艺符合花生油工业化生产低风险、低成本和高效率的目标。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press