An improved speckle-reduction algorithm for SAR images based on anisotropic diffusion

This paper mainly studies the algorithm of anisotropic diffusion for speckle noise removal of SAR images. Because the Gauss curvature driven diffusion method is sensitive to the noise and is of low efficiency on suppressing the speckle noise, an improved denoising algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm introduces the difference curvature as the diffusion coefficients of the function, which solves the problem that Gauss curvature driven diffusion is sensitive to the speckle noise, further, Tukey’s biweight function is used to control the curvature diffusion model, which can not only better protect edges, but also automatically control the diffusion. Numerical experiments show that the improved algorithm can preserve the information of textures, edges while inhibiting the speckle of SAR images.     

Sub‐Pixel Anti‐Aliasing Via Triangle‐Based Geometry Reconstruction

Anti‐aliasing has recently been employed as a post‐processing step to adapt to the deferred shading technique in real‐time applications. Some of these existing algorithms store supersampling geometric information as geometric buffer (G‐buffer) to detect and alleviate sub‐pixel‐level aliasing artifacts. However, the anti‐aliasing filter based on sampled sub‐pixel geometries only may introduce unfaithful shading information to the sub‐pixel color in uniform‐geometry regions, and large G‐buffer will increase memory storage and fetch overheads. In this paper, we present a new Triangle‐based Geometry Anti‐Aliasing (TGAA) algorithm, to address these problems. The coverage triangle of each screen pixel is accessed, and then, the coverage information between the triangle and neighboring sub‐pixels is stored in a screen‐resolution bitmask, which allows the geometric information to be stored and accessed in an inexpensive manner. Using triangle‐based geometry, TGAA can exclude irrelevant neighboring shading samples and achieve faithful anti‐aliasing filtering. In addition, a morphological method of estimating the geometric edges in high‐frequency geometry is incorporated into the TGAA's anti‐aliasing filter to complement the algorithm. The implementation results demonstrate that the algorithm is efficient and scalable for generating high‐quality anti‐aliased images.     

Aliasing artifacts reduction with subband signal analysis for demosaicked images

Demosaicking is a process used to estimate missing color values from the subsampled color filter array (CFA) image to reduce the cost and volume of a digital still camera. However, by sampling theory, it is known that subsampling a signal causes overlaps of signals in the frequency domain, which is known as aliasing. Most current demosaicking processes cannot completely solve aliasing problem resulting in aliasing artifacts such as false colors and zipper effects. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to remove these aliasing artifacts in demosaicked color images. A luminance image with minimum aliasing is obtained from the CFA image by using a low-pass kernel with cutoff frequencies determined by an approximate model for the Fourier spectrum. An aliasing map is computed by analyzing subband signals of the CFA image based on the high correlation of the high-frequencies of the luminance and color channels. Then, a least squares of the luminance acquisition processes is used to design a cost function with the aliasing map to remove the aliasing artifacts. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm sufficiently removes aliasing artifacts and improves the quality of the color images.     

基于双向耦合扩散的保持特征的边缘锐化和图像增强

在过去的十几年中,偏微分方程在图像增强中得到了越来越多的研究和应用.该文提出了一个保持特征的双向耦合扩散框架.这个框架沿着等照度线(边缘)的梯度方向,利用柔和的边缘判定实施反向扩散以锐化边缘;而相反地沿切线方向实施正向扩散以去除噪声和锯齿伪像.为了消除这两个相反的扩散力彼此之间的冲突,将算法分裂为一种耦合的格式,而且为了保持图像特征,利用图像的局部微分几何特征调整非线性扩散系数.实验结果显示,文中算法可以显著地提高被增强图像的视觉质量.     

SEGMENTATION OF NATURAL IMAGES USING ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION AND LINKING OF BOUNDARY EDGES

We present a segmentation method of natural images that uses an anisotropic diffusion algorithm and a region growing algorithm. We propose a modified version of the anisotropic diffusion algorithm as a precise edge-preserving smoothing technique modified by using boundary edges. We incorporate a linking algorithm for boundary edges based on a directional potential function into the anisotropic diffusion algorithm to improve the ability of edge-preserving smoothing. As a result, unnecessary details of images are effectively smoothed before performing a region growing algorithm. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for an accurate segmentation of natural images. Several simulated examples are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

结合核方法的选择性各向异性扩散去噪算法

在低信噪比图像噪声抑制处理中,为了有效地保持图像边缘,在基于多相位分层分割算法的各向异性扩散模型的基础上,提出一个基于核方法的选择性各向异性扩散去噪算法。该算法根据图像数据的线性不可分特点,首先利用核方法把多相位分层分割算法中的数据项从线性不可分的低维空间推广到可实现线性可分的高维特征空间,在特征空间中实现图像分割;然后根据分割得到的同质区域的梯度信息改进了P-M模型中的扩散系数;最后,在同质区域中采用改进的P-M模型平滑噪声。实验结果表明,该算法无论在噪声去除还是边缘保持上都具较好的效果。     

带有局部耦合项的双向扩散与图像增强

在过去的十几年中,偏微分方程在图像增强中得到了越来越多的研究和应用。论文提出了一个带有局部耦合项的双向扩散框架。这个框架沿着等照度线(边缘)的梯度方向实施反向扩散以锐化边缘;而相反地沿切线方向实施正向扩散以去除噪声和锯齿伪像。为了进一步控制扩散过程,使其逼近于一个稳定的过程,并消除数值“爆炸”和过冲,笔者在双向扩散方程中增加一个局部耦合项;而且为了保持图像特征,利用图像的方向导数局部地调整非线性扩散系数。实验结果显示,该文算法可以显著地提高被增强图像的视觉质量。     

A new algorithm for image edge extraction using a statistical classifier approach

This correspondence describes a new algorithm for extracting edges from natural images. Starting from a simple image model, the algorithm poses the problem of edge extraction as a statistical classifier problem. The algorithm is capable of extracting and detecting edges from images even in the presence of noise. A step by step mathematical derivation of the algorithm reveals the flexibility of the algorithm with pertinent parameters that can be varied for the specific need of the user. Finally, the proposed edge operator is compared to the well-known Marr-Hildreth's edge operator.     

特种纸纸病检测的快速图像滤波方法及实现

为解决现有纸病检测方法中,采用的滤波算法性能无法达到部分特种纸的纸病检测要求的问题,提出一种基于P-M方程扩散模型的快速图像滤波方法。通过采用P-M方程多次迭代扩散进行滤波,滤波同时保护特种纸纸病的细微边缘;并借助SMP系统以及多线程技术对P-M方程扩散过程实现并行迭代算法以保证整个纸病检测算法过程的快速性。实测结果表明,采用该方法,系统可以有效检测到特种纸上表征微弱的纸病,并较传统P-M滤波方法的实现在实时性能上有了大幅提高。     

各向异性扩散与高斯差分模型的多聚焦图像融合方法

利用各向异性扩散模型具有良好的边缘保持特性,提出一种基于各向异性扩散滤波与高斯滤波差分规则的图像融合算法。各向异性扩散方程对图像进行滤波操作,在图像的同质区域实施正向扩散以平滑图像,而在图像边缘实行较弱平滑以保护边缘细节信息。将通过各向异性扩散模型处理的图像与经过高斯函数滤波的结果图像进行差分操作,可以得到图像的高频系数信息。为提高健壮性,对高频系数进行小窗口累加,其作为像素选择准则,再分别从原始图像中直接获取对应的像素值组成融合结果图像。实验结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效地融合源图像信息,非常适合多聚焦     

基于视窗的OCR页面图像倾斜检测方法

文档在扫描输入过程中，所生成的页面图像一般都存在一定的角度倾斜，当页面图像倾斜角度过大时，将对进一步的版面分析以及字符识别产生不良影响。为了快速准确地检测页面图像倾斜角度和降低计算量，提出了一种基于视窗变换的页面图像倾斜检测方法，该算法首先对视窗中的文字及图片的细节部分进行模糊，然后对其边沿进行直线拟合，以便快速检测页面图像倾斜角度。实验结果表明，该方法能快速准确地检测出各类页面图像的倾斜角度，并具有良好的适应性。     

Efficient level of detail for texture‐based flow visualization

In this paper, we present an efficient level of detail algorithm for texture‐based flow visualization. Our goal is to enhance visual perception and performance and generate smooth animation. To achieve our goal, we first model an adaptive input texture taking into account flow patterns to output view‐dependent high‐quality images. Then, we compute field lines only from sparse sampling points of the input noise texture for outputting volume line integral convolution textures and skip empty space utilizing two quantized binary histograms. To improve image quality, we implement anti‐aliasing through adjusting the line integral convolution step size and thickness of trajectory lines with an opacity function. We further extend our solution to unsteady flow. Flow structures and evolution are clearly shown through smooth animation achieved with coherent evolution of particles, handling of discontinuous flow lines, and spatio‐temporal linear constraint of the underlying noise volume. In the result section, we show high‐quality level of detail of three‐dimensional texture‐based flow visualization with high performance. We also demonstrate that our algorithm can achieve smooth evolution for unsteady flow with spatio‐temporal coherence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于方向ROEWA算子的高分辨率SAR图像道路提取

指数加权均值比率ROEWA算子是SAR图像阶跃边缘提取中较为常用的算法,但该方法只能提取边缘强度,不能得到边缘方向。本文在ROEWA算子的基础上,利用添加方向模板的方法,提出了获取边缘方向的ROEWA改进算法。并根据得到的边缘方向,分别提出了一种边缘筛选算法和快速的Hough变换算法,从而提取出图像中的直线信息。实验表明,本文方法准确、高效,且对SAR图像中的相干斑噪声具有很好的抑制作用。     

Fourier-Mellin变换不同时相遥感影像自动配准研究

多时相遥感影像配准是变化检测的关键步骤。由于不同时相的遥感影像差异,且在传感器参数未知情况下,很难完成其自动配准。基于傅里叶-梅林变换（Fourier-Mellin Transform,FMT）影像配准其实就是基于傅里叶变换和对数极变换的全局相位相关。这种方法在进行频域计算时找到了配准的变换参数,并且对噪声和遮挡等很鲁棒。提出了一种基于Fourier-Mellin算法的改进配准方法。Fourier-Mellin变换由于旋转的频谱混叠和旋转变换中插值误差而产生错误。为了得到更好的配准结果,通过加窗和滤波来提高峰值、减少频谱混叠、增加鲁棒性。     

基于前向和后向扩散的图像增强算法的改进

图像去噪和增强是图像处理和计算机视觉领域中的基本问题,而偏微分方程已经广泛应用于模糊图像的复原.针对P-M方法和原FAB方法的不足,通过区分图像的平坦区和边界区,综合这两种方法得出了新的扩散系数方程,并通过有限差分法将对应的偏微分方程离散化后得到了它的数值解.这种改进的各向异性的扩散方法,在平滑图像的同时能够保持和增强边界,对实际图像的滤波结果表明了该算法是有效的.     

A multiscale gradient algorithm for image segmentation using watershelds

Watershed transformation is a powerful tool for image segmentation. However, the effectiveness of the image segmentation methods based on watershed transformation is limited by the quality of the gradient image used in the methods. In this paper we present a multiscale algorithm for computing gradient images, with effective handling of both step and blurred edges. We also present an algorithm for eliminating irrelevant minima in the resulting gradient images. Experimental results indicate that watershed transformation with the algorithms proposed in this paper produces meaningful segmentations, even without a region merging step. The proposed algorithms can efficiently improve segmentation accuracy and significantly reduce the computational cost of watershed-based image segmentation methods.     

基于前向和后向扩散的图像增强算法的改进

图像去噪和增强是图像处理和计算机视觉领域中的基本问题,而偏微分方程已经广泛应用于模糊图像的复原。针对P-M方法和原FAB方法的不足,通过区分图像的平坦区和边界区,综合这两种方法得出了新的扩散系数方程,并通过有限差分法将对应的偏微分方程离散化后得到了它的数值解。这种改进的各向异性的扩散方法,在平滑图像的同时能够保持和增强边界,对实际图像的滤波结果表明了该算法是有效的。     

基于改进复扩散自适应耦合非局部变换域模型的图像放大

针对二阶偏微分方程（PDE）放大算法丢失弱边缘和纹理细节的不足,提出一种改进复扩散自适应耦合非局部变换域模型的图像放大算法。利用复扩散具有边缘定位准确的特点耦合冲击滤波器,改进复扩散模型能够较好地增强强边缘;而通过对相似图像块构成图像组的三维变换系数的稀疏特性进行建模,非局部变换域模型能够很好地利用图像中相似图像块的非局部信息,对弱边缘和纹理细节有较好的处理效果;最后利用复扩散得到图像的二阶导数作为参数实现改进复扩散模型和非局部变换域模型自适应耦合。所提算法与偏微分方程放大算法、非局部变换域放大算法和偏微分方程耦合空域非局部模型放大算法进行仿真实验比较,在强边缘、弱边缘和细节纹理具有较好的放大效果,弱边缘和纹理细节图像在平均结构相似性测度上高于改进复扩散放大算法、非局部变换域放大算法。所提算法验证了空域模型和变换域模型、局部模型和非局部模型耦合结合的有效性。     

基于边缘融合的多图像直线提取算法

该文提出了一种新的基于边缘融合的多图像直线提取算法，该算法首先对所有多图像分别提取边缘，然后通过将多图像对应的梯度方向相似的、相邻近的边缘编组，以形成融合的直线支持区域，最后基于最小二乘的方法从直线支持区域拟合出直线段，并提取直线属性．该文提出的算法把边缘的相位信息作为融合要素，能够从复杂的图像中提取出相当低对比度的直线，并且通过分析多图像边缘之间的特性，提出相位压缩和融合编组方案，不仅可以充分融合互补信息还有效降低了算法复杂度．真实的遥感图像直线提取结果表明了该文算法的有效性．     

预估计混叠度的MAP超分辨率处理算法

提出一种预估计混叠度的PEMAP(pre-estimated MAP(maximum a posteriori)算法,用于卫星图像的地面超分辨率处理.它通过频域分析确定卫星图像的混叠度,将其作为先验信息在空域控制MAP估计的循环迭代,联合估计帧间位移和高分辨率图像.该算法克服了最大后验概率MAP算法的盲目性和不稳定性,使其适应性更好.实际的卫星图像处理显示了较好的处理效果.