高水分组织化复合蛋白的挤压制备及品质特性研究

以大豆分离蛋白、谷朊粉和豌豆蛋白为原料,采用高水分挤压技术制备组织化蛋白产品,研究了挤压参数对产品品质特性的影响,分别优化出以大豆分离蛋白和豌豆蛋白为主料的两种产品的配方及挤压参数。结果表明,水分添加量对产品品质特性影响显著;螺杆转速在280r/min,挤压温度在160℃时制备的产品具有较好的质构特性和拉丝效果;当大豆分离蛋白添加量40%,谷朊粉添加量35%,豌豆蛋白添加量25%,水分添加量14.0kg/h时,制得的组织化蛋白产品表面光滑,成型性好,可作为鸡肉仿肉制品;当豌豆蛋白添加量45%,谷朊粉添加量35%,大豆分离蛋白添加量20%,水分添加量13.5kg/h时,制得的组织化蛋白产品拉丝状态明显,质构特性指标与牛肉相似。     

大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠制作工艺研究

大豆组织蛋白具有丰富的营养价值和类似于肉的口感,以大豆组织蛋白代替肉为主料,同时以大豆油代替动物脂肪,添加糯米研制大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠。大豆组织蛋白经过预处理(浸泡、脱水)得到大豆组织蛋白湿基(水分65%)。通过比较糯米不同添加量对肠的影响,确定了糯米的最佳添加量以大豆组织蛋白湿基计(水分65%)为60%。通过单因素和正交试验确定了大豆组织蛋白素食糯米肠其他配料的最佳配方为:以大豆组织蛋白湿基(水分65%)为基准,添加水160%,大豆分离蛋白10%,复配胶5%,大豆油14%。     

大豆拉丝蛋白素火腿的研究

大豆拉丝蛋白具有丰富的营养价值和类似于肉类的口感,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪食品。采用大豆拉丝蛋白和谷朊粉为主要原料,添加淀粉、植物油、调味料等辅料,通过单因素实验和正交实验对大豆拉丝蛋白素火腿配方进行研究,确定了其配方。即大豆拉丝蛋白31%,谷朊粉12%,马铃薯淀粉10%,大豆色拉油5.0%,卡拉胶0.35%,肉蔻0.5%,食盐、味素、糖、香辛料4.15%,葱、姜3%,香油2%,素食肉味香精3%,水29%。     

苦瓜汁鹅肉火腿的研制

以鹅肉和苦瓜为主料,猪肥肉为配料,以香辛料和淀粉为辅料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,针对苦瓜汁鹅肉火腿的配方进行了研究,结果表明:肥肉的添加量20%,苦瓜汁的添加量10%,香辛料的添加量为0.8%,淀粉的添加量为10%时,产品质量最优。     

玉米鹅肉火腿肠生产工艺的研究

研究以鹅肉和玉米为原料,以大豆分离蛋白和玉米淀粉为辅料,通过单因素试验对玉米鹅肉火腿肠的最佳配方进行研究,结果表明:原味鹅肉火腿肠的最佳配方是鹅瘦肉100 kg、玉米淀粉10%、大豆蛋白2%,并复合其他的调味料;玉米鹅肉火腿肠的最优配方是鹅瘦肉100 kg中添加玉米淀粉10%、大豆蛋白2%、甜玉米12%,并复合其他的调味料。     

金桔风味火腿肠的研制

研究以猪肉为主要原料,主要考察金桔果脯、菊粉、大豆分离蛋白对火腿肠品质的影响,通过单因素实验和正交实验,结果表明:金桔风味火腿肠的最佳工艺配方为猪肉100%计(瘦肉80%、猪脂肪20%)时,金桔果脯用量为6%、菊粉用量为7%、大豆分离蛋白用量为4%。此时金桔风味火腿肠的色泽红润、口感细腻、具有金桔香味,是集营养和美味于一体的健康食品。     

马铃薯淀粉在肉皮肠中的应用研究

阐述了不同淀粉对肉皮肠质量的影响,通过感官评定及质构测定确定添加马铃薯凝胶淀粉肉皮肠的组织状态及质量都优于添加马铃薯原淀粉的肉皮肠,通过质构测定确定最佳的主料配方为马铃薯凝胶淀粉12kg,猪皮5kg、瘦肉85kg、肥肉15kg。     

正交试验优化传统中式裙带菜香肠制作工艺

以裙带菜和猪肉为主要原料,制成一种营养丰富的裙带菜香肠。通过裙带菜、淀粉、大豆分离蛋白的不同添加量以及瘦肥肉的比例的4个单因素试验和正交试验,以香肠的感官特性及质构性能为评价指标,确定了裙带菜香肠的最佳配方。试验表明:裙带菜香肠的最佳工艺条件是裙带菜的添加量为20%,淀粉的添加量为18%,大豆分离蛋白的添加量为5%,瘦肥肉的比例为4.0∶1。     

米曲霉固态发酵程度对大豆拉丝蛋白特性的影响

以水解度为指标,研究了米曲霉固态发酵程度对大豆拉丝蛋白特性的影响,分析了水解度与特性的相关性。结果表明,米曲霉固态发酵法可以使大豆拉丝蛋白的特性发生不同程度的变化。当大豆拉丝蛋白的水解度为3. 63%时,其持水性、溶解度、硬度和咀嚼性分别提高了21. 41%、115. 26%、13. 04%和20. 00%,但其弹性、内聚性和组织化度分别降低了7. 30%、13. 33%和10. 41%。大豆拉丝蛋白的水解度与其溶解度呈极显著正相关,与其弹性、内聚性和组织化度呈极显著负相关。适宜水解度可改善大豆拉丝蛋白的部分特性。     

茭白低温火腿肠的研制

以猪肉为主料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察茭白、玉米淀粉、大豆分离蛋白对火腿肠品质的影响。结果表明:茭白低温火腿肠的最佳工艺配方为猪肉100%计时,茭白添加量5%,玉米淀粉添加量12%,大豆分离蛋白添加量4%。     

Sensory acceptability of raw and extruded bovine rumen protein in processed meat products

The use of bovine rumen protein (raw and extruded) as a replacement for extruded soy protein concentrate in three meat products (pork sausage, chicken hamburger, and kibbe) was investigated. Similarity between rumen and soy protein meat products was assessed using triangle tests and sensory acceptability evaluated by consumer panelists using a nine-point hedonic scale. The addition of raw rumen protein was detected in all meat product types tested, while extruded rumen protein was only detected in kibbe. The addition of raw rumen protein decreased the acceptability of pork sausage aroma and flavor, but improved kibbe appearance, texture and overall acceptability. The addition of extruded rumen protein reduced the acceptability of chicken hamburger texture, but improved pork sausage flavor. Replacement of soy protein by bovine rumen protein is feasible based upon sensory results, but depended upon its form and the type of meat product to which it was added.     

添加蒜黄根膳食纤维对低脂乳化肠品质的影响

将蒜黄根中提取的总膳食纤维(total dietary ifber,TDF)添加于低脂乳化肠,探究蒜黄根TDF对低脂乳化肠品质的影响.以正常脂肪添加量为对照组,实验组减少15％(以降低脂肪含量前瘦肉与猪背膘的总质量为基准)脂肪后分别添加不同质量的蒜黄根TDF(1.25％、2.50％、3.75％、5.00％、6.25％,...     

Development of a novel,fermented and dried saithe and salmon product

The northern European dry-cured meat sausage technique was used to produce a fermented and dried product from fish with a high content of polyunsaturated (PUFA) omega-3 fatty acids. Different ratios of salmon (the fatty fish) and saithe (the lean fish) with or without milk protein-based ingredients were fermented with Lactobacillus sakei. Since marine oils are liquid, even at low temperatures, a sliceable and acceptable firm texture without oil leakage could only be obtained by the use of a protein content at least 2.4 times higher than the fat content of the recipe. The product made from only salmon and saithe with 7.5% fat gave fewer and larger oil particles compared to a product where also milk protein was added.Industrial relevanceFish is generally considered to contain many compounds that are beneficial to health; however, many people eat little or no fish. To increase the fish intake, the development of new, convenient fish products that are easy to use and eat, is desirable. By use of the northern European dry-cured meat sausages technology a new kind of fermented, smoked, and dried fish product resembling a firm and sliceable dry-cured meat sausage was produced.     

Inulin as fat substitute in low fat, dry fermented sausages

Low fat, dry fermented sausages were prepared with a fat content close to 50% and 25% of the original amount. The batch with the smallest proportion of fat was less tender, less springy and was gummier than the batch with the highest proportion. However, it was still considered acceptable by the panel of judges. The 25% batch was supplemented with different amounts of soluble dietetic fibre (inulin) as both a powder and in aqueous solution. Ripening was followed by physico-chemical and microbiological analysis. Sensory analysis and texture profile analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of the inulin addition. Results obtained indicated an overall improvement in the sensory properties due to a softer texture and tenderness, springiness and adhesiveness similar to the conventional high fat sausage. Thus, with the addition of inulin a low calorie product (30% of the original), enriched with soluble dietetic fibre (10% approximatively) can be obtained.     

迷你萨拉米香肠加工及其产品特性分析

以高原牦牛肉为主要原料,肉馅制作灌装后采用西式发酵肠缓慢发酵法发酵和干燥,以每小节1袋的迷你式小包装后再巴氏热处理、熟化并避免再污染,开发出具备发酵香肠和中式腊肠双重风味特色,质地口感适中, 风味柔和, 宜于儿童食用的方便、休闲食品迷你萨拉米肠。产品特性分析得出其主要指标为:aw0.84~0.86,pH5.4,糖2.2%,食盐3.1%,蛋白质33.4%,脂肪26.3%。     

胡萝卜海带香肠的研制

以胡萝卜、海带及猪肉为原料,开发出一种蔬菜香肠新产品,即胡萝卜海带香肠。通过胡萝卜海带添加比例,蔬菜总添加量,淀粉添加量和瘦肉与肥肉比4个单因素试验和正交试验,以香肠的感官特性为评价指标来确定胡萝卜海带香肠的最佳配方和最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当胡萝卜海带质量之比为2∶1,蔬菜添加量为20%,肥瘦肉质量比为2∶8,淀粉添加量为10%时,制得的香肠产品最佳。     

超声波协同冷冻保护剂对速冻饺子馅持水性及质构的影响

为降低速冻饺子馅在冻藏过程中产生的品质劣变,本文研究了超声波协同复合配方冷冻保护剂(抗冻蛋白复合配方:0.3%抗冻蛋白、5%海藻糖、0.05%茶多酚和0.03%V_C;大豆分离蛋白复合配方:6%大豆分离蛋白、0.4%卡拉胶、0.05%茶多酚和0.03% V_C;黄原胶复合配方:0.2%黄原胶、0.4%卡拉胶、0.05%茶多酚和0.03% V_C)对速冻饺子馅抗冻性能的改善作用。研究发现,在冻藏90 d后,与仅添加抗冻蛋白复合配方、大豆分离蛋白复合配方和黄原胶复合配方冷冻保护剂的肉馅相比,超声波协同处理60 min后的肉馅解冻损失率分别降低了58.3%、63.0%和52.0%,蒸煮损失率分别降低了18.5%、67.6%和32.6%。超声波协同抗冻蛋白复合配方和大豆分离蛋白复合配方处理60 min后,肉馅的硬度和弹性提高、咀嚼性和粘聚性增加,质构特性得到改善,但是超声波协同黄原胶复合配方组对肉馅的质构特性有不利影响。超声波协同抗冻蛋白复合配方、大豆分离蛋白复合配方和黄原胶复合配方处理60 min组比仅添加复合配方组的硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)值分别降低了17.2%、24.0%和33.3%。超声波处理能显著(P<0.05)提高复合配方冷冻保护剂对速冻饺子馅持水性的改善效果,增强复合配方冷冻保护剂对饺子肉馅脂肪氧化的抑制作用,且在一定程度上改善速冻饺子肉馅的质构性能。     

添加非肉蛋白对菜籽油替代肥膘猪肉糜品质的影响

以菜籽油代替猪肉糜传统配方中的背膘,再分别添加大豆分离蛋白（soya protein isolate,SPI）、豌豆蛋白（pea protein,PP）和乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate,WPI）替代1.5%肉蛋白,研究不同蛋白质含量（12%、14%）下3 种非肉蛋白对猪肉糜脂肪损失及品质变化的影响。结果表明：在3 种非肉蛋白中,PP的乳化能力最差（48.78 m2/g）,SPI乳化能力最好（59.65 m2/g）;与全肉对照组相比,所有非肉蛋白处理组的蒸煮损失率均较低,当蛋白质含量从12%提高到14%时,添加非肉蛋白组的蒸煮损失率均增加;在12%和14%蛋白质含量下,添加SPI后猪肉糜的乳化特性有所提升,并更加稳定;质构分析结果表明,蛋白质含量的提高增加了猪肉糜硬度、黏聚性和胶着度,WPI组硬度最高,PP组硬度最低,表明非肉蛋白对质构的改性作用很强;与全肉对照组相比,添加非肉蛋白会导致产品的亮度值升高,红度值降低;此外,添加WPI制备的猪肉糜乳脂层蛋白质含量最低。     

香蕉花提取物对牦牛肉自然发酵香肠理化品质及挥发性风味物质的影响

以二丁基羟基甲苯（butylated hydroxy toluene,BHT）为阳性对照，研究不同质量分数（0.01%、0.05%、0.10%）香蕉花提取物（banana flower extract,BFE）对牦牛肉发酵香肠理化品质的影响，评价香肠在发酵和贮藏过程中pH值、水分含量、色泽、保水性、质构、流变学特性、菌落总数、挥发性风味物质及感官品质的变化。结果表明：BFE添加量为0.10%的发酵牦牛肉香肠具有更强的保水能力及抑菌能力，增加BFE添加量会降低发酵香肠的质构特性和储能模量。发酵过程中各处理组共计检测出醇、醛、酸、酯等七大类挥发性风味物质，通过主成分分析得到3个主成分，累计贡献率达75.014%。综上所述，BFE具有较强的抗氧化活性，0.10%添加量的效果最好，可显著改善牦牛肉发酵香肠理化特性。     

Reducing the fat content in ground beef without sacrificing quality: a review

Americans are becoming more health conscious in their food choices and many are interested in reducing dietary fat intake. Fat replacers can affect meat flavor both by adding flavors of their own, by reducing the original aroma-generating substrate (fat) and by altering release of aroma compounds. When fat is removed from meat, water is generally added to replace it. Water-binding compounds can be added to prevent the added water from cooking out or evaporating and to prevent patty shrinkage. Fat replacers are generally classified by their composition: protein-based replacers including whey, soy and collagen, lipid-based substances such as soy lecithin which function as emulsifiers maintaining the fat that is retained distributed in the product, and carbohydrate-based substances including flours (wheat, soy, oat), starches (potato, modified corn starch, tapioca) and gums (carrageenan, xanthin). Duplication of the characteristics contributed by fat often requires a combination of replacers to address juiciness and texture (firmness) without negatively impacting flavor.