Growth of the production of rails from continuous-cast semifinished products of electrical steel

Since 2001, the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Combine has produced 3.0 million tons of R65 railroad rails of continuous-cast steel made in electric furnaces. The combine has significantly improved all the most important quality indices of the steel during this period, and the service life of the rails has increased from 0.5·10⁹ to (0.8–1)·10⁹ tons gross. The combine has mastered the production of rails with superior cold resistance and rails suited of use in high-speed rail systems. It is beginning production of rails with a bainitic structure and rails made of hypereutectoid steels. All these results have been obtained through the construction of new production facilities and modernization of the combine’s existing equipment. Plans for future rail production include extensive reconstruction of the heat-treatment section of the rail-beam shop and reconstruction of the machine-tool bay, the latter involving replacement of part of the equipment. Arc steelmaking furnace No. 1 and two continuous casters will be rebuilt in the electric steelmaking shop. The ultimate goal is to increase the durability and reliability of the rails so as to put them on par with the best rails in the world.     

Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum on inoculated fresh-cut packaged vegetables

BACKGROUND: Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences. Divergence excess, according to tradition, should be treated with symmetric lateral rectus recessions; simulated divergence excess and basic deviations should be treated with a recess/resect procedure. This teaching, to our knowledge, has not been systematically tested. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the appropriateness of selective surgery based on distance/near differences and to determine if bilateral lateral rectus recessions affect the distance deviation more than the near deviation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with basic type intermittent exotropia were randomized to 2 groups, those receiving either unilateral recess/resect procedures or symmetric lateral rectus recessions. Patients with simulated divergence excess intermittent exotropia received symmetric lateral rectus recessions. Outcome was observed 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Of 19 patients with basic exotropia receiving lateral rectus recessions, 10 patients (52%) had a satisfactory outcome compared with 14 (82%) of the 17 patients who had recess/resect procedures (P<.05). Of the 68 patients with simulated divergence excess, 55 patients (80%) had a satisfactory outcome after bilateral/lateral rectus recessions. This result was significantly better than the outcome for patients with basic exotropia who underwent lateral rectus recessions (P<.05) [corrected]. The decrease in the distance/near difference after surgery was essentially identical for patients with basic exotropia who underwent lateral rectus recessions as for those who received recess/resect procedures (means, 2.4 prism diopters vs 2.1 prism diopters, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although this study did not evaluate increasing the amount of symmetric lateral rectus recessions for patients with basic exotropia, these data suggest that patients with basic type intermittent exotropia should be treated with recess/resect procedures. Data also suggest that patients with simulated divergence excess do well with lateral rectus recessions. Recess/resect procedures and symmetric surgery affect distance/near differences equally in patients with basic exotropia.     

Growth hormone inhibits apoptosis and up-regulates reactive oxygen intermediates production by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

In a pilot study the safety and therapeutic effects of an immunostimulatory intralymphatic treatment with natural human interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with zidovudine were evaluated in nine patients with AIDS. Therapy with IL-2 consisted of one subcutaneous injection of 0.1 microgram/kg IL-2, followed by four intralymphatic IL-2 infusions of 0.1 microgram/kg each within a period of up to 15 days. Enlargement of lymph nodes was seen in six and a transient increase of CD4 cells in five out of nine persons in association with the IL-2 therapy. An increase of HIV p24-antigenemia was observed only in the two patients in whom zidovudine dosage had to be reduced because of side effects. Moderate clinical side effects occurred in eight of the nine patients. Four patients developed zidovudine associated anemia. Six participants showed a favourable course of disease with survival of 25 to 54 months (median 30 months) despite a previous diagnosis of manifest AIDS before IL-2 therapy. This pilot study demonstrates that a combination therapy with intralymphatic IL-2 and zidovudine can induce positive immunomodulatory effects, even in the presence of manifest AIDS. Further studies should explore the tolerability and effects of a prolonged therapy with IL-2 in combination with a more potent antiviral drug combination therapy.     

Growth and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus during the manufacture and ripening of Camembert-type cheeses from raw goats' milk

Tests were carried out to determine the effect of manufacturing procedures for a Camembert-type cheese from raw goats' milk on the growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus organisms added to milk at the start of the process, and to study the possible presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin A in these cheeses. The initial staphylococcal counts were, respectively, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 log cfu ml-1. Cheese was prepared following the industrial specifications and ripened for 41 d. Detection of enterotoxins was done by the Vidas SET test and by an indirect double-sandwich ELISA technique using antienterotoxin monoclonal antibodies. Generally, numbers of microbes increased at a similar rate during manufacture in all cheeses until salting. During the ripening period, the aerobic plate count population and Staph. aureus levels remained stable and high. There was an approximately 1 log reduction of Staph. aureus in cheeses made with an initial inoculum of Staph. aureus greater than 10(3) cfu ml-1 at the end of the ripening period (41 d) compared with the count at 22 h. The level of staphylococcal enterotoxin A recovered varied from 1 to 3.2 ng g-1 of cheese made with an initial population of 10(3)-10(6) cfu ml-1. No trace of enterotoxin A was detected in cheeses made with the lowest Staph. aureus inoculum used in this study.     

Growth and energetics of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299 during metabolism of various sugars and their consequences for dextransucrase production

The metabolic and energetic properties of Leuconostoc mesenteroides have been examined with the goal of better understanding the parameters which affect dextransucrase activity and hence allowing the development of strategies for improved dextransucrase production. Glucose and fructose support equivalent specific growth rates (0.6 h-1) under aerobic conditions, but glucose leads to a better biomass yield in anaerobiosis. Both sugars are phosphorylated by specific hexokinases and catabolized through the heterofermentative phosphoketolase pathway. During sucrose-grown cultures, a large fraction of sucrose is converted outside the cell by dextransucrase into dextran and fructose and does not support growth. The other fraction enters the cell, where it is phosphorylated by an inducible sucrose phosphorylase and converted to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) by a constitutive phosphoglucomutase and to heterofermentative products (lactate, acetate, and ethanol). Sucrose supports a higher growth rate (0.98 h-1) than the monosaccharides. When fructose is not consumed simultaneously with G-1-P, the biomass yield relative to ATP is high (16.8 mol of ATP.mol of sucrose-1), and dextransucrase production is directly proportional to growth. However, when the fructose moiety is used, a sink of energy is observed, and dextransucrase production is no longer correlated with growth. As a consequence, fructose catabolism must be avoided to improve the amount of dextransucrase synthesized.     

钢铁企业生产管理与生产工艺特点分析

钢铁企业与机械行业的生产工艺和生产管理有很大差别，本文将两种行业进行对比分析，找出钢铁生产与生产管理特点，为开发冶金ＣＩＭＳ奠定了基础。     

不同生长调节物质对褐口蘑菌丝生长的影响

[目的]筛选出适宜浓度的生长调节物质以改善褐口蘑菌丝体生长.[方法]采用平板培养法,自制PDA培养基,研究不同生长调节物质对褐口蘑菌丝体生长的影响;并在此基础上进一步研究不同浓度最佳生长调节物质对褐口蘑菌丝体生长的影响.[结果]维生素B1、赤霉素、三十烷醇、肌醇、吲哚乙酸、维生素C对褐口蘑菌丝生长均有不同程度的促进作用,其中肌醇对褐口蘑菌丝生长的促进作用最为显著,菌丝生长致密,其最适添加的浓度为1 mg/L.[结论]该研究结果为褐口蘑种植产业的发展提供了技术支持.     

生长调节剂Primo MAXX对狗牙根草坪草生长的影响

[目的]研究生长调节剂Primo MAXX对狗牙根草坪草生长的影响,为华南地区Primo MAXX在狗牙根草坪上的应用提供依据.[方法]采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究不同浓度的Primo MAXX对狗牙根草坪草自然生长高度、叶色及地上部鲜重的影响.[结果]不同浓度的Primo MAXX对狗牙根的生长高度有较好的抑制作用,且各浓度之间差异不显著;适量施用Primo MAXX可以丰富草坪色彩;施药后35 d狗牙根茎变粗.[结论]在华南地区狗牙根草坪上使用有效剂量为150～300 g/hm2的Primo MAXX较为适宜.     

Hardware production

West Siberian Metallurgical Combine. Translated from Metallurg, No. 5, pp. 14–15, May, 1994.     

Growth, reproductive performance, mammary development, and milk production of beef heifers as influenced by prepubertal dietary energy and administration of bovine somatotropin

Three trials with 156 crossbred heifers were used to determine the effects of dietary energy and bovine somatotropin administration on subsequent heifer productivity. In Trial 1, heifer calves were weaned from their dams (n = 28; 113 +/- 13 d of age) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of moderate (MDE) or high dietary energy (HDE) and injections of vehicle (VEH) or 250 mg of bovine somatotropin (bST) every 14 d. Heifer calves in Trial 2 (n = 28; 123 +/- 20 d of age) and Trial 3 (n = 100; 134 +/- 22 d of age) nursed their dams while grazing pasture and received no creep feed (MDE) or ad libitum access to creep feed (HDE) and received VEH or bST as in Trial 1. Treatments were administered for 112 d and heifers within trial were managed alike after that time. There were no dietary treatment x bST treatment interactions for any of the variables analyzed (P > .05). Dietary energy did not affect daily gain in Trial 1; however, heifers receiving HDE in Trials 2 and 3 had greater weight, hip height growth, and fat thickness (P < .01) by the end of the treatment period. Treatment with bST increased gain in Trials 1 and 2 (P < .01) but did not affect growth in Trial 3. There were trends in all trials for HDE to reduce age at puberty (P < .15), but there were no consistent effects of bST on reproductive measures. Mammary gland composition and milk production were unaffected by treatment in Trial 1. In Trial 2, HDE decreased subsequent milk production, calf weaning weight, and mammary dry fat free tissue and DNA (P < .05). Treatment with bST in Trial 3 tended (P = .08) to result in greater milk production and increased calf weaning weights (P < .05). We conclude that bST treatment may enhance growth with no effect on reproduction. Treatment with bST did not overcome deleterious effects of HDE on milk production but may play an important role in mammogenesis.