超导电力技术的发展与超导电力装置的性能检测

充分利用国内各种优势资源开展超导电力技术的研究与开发,对于提高我国电力设备行业在国际市场上的竞争力及电力系统的技术经济性能均有重大的意义。基于对国内外超导电力技术及超导电力装置的充分调研,概括了超导电力技术的研究现状,归纳了超导电力技术中的关键课题,即超导电力装置;超导电力系统的协调运行与系统理论研究;超导电力系统中的在线监测与控制策略;超导电力相关学科的基础研究。指出了未来超导电力装置的研究重点,并给出了具有代表性的超导电力装置的试验、检测内容和性能检测方法,迈出了超导电力装置性能检测方法与规程研究的第一步。     

超导电力装置及发展状况

超导技术在电力领域的应用研究已经受到了广泛关注。目前已有超导故障限流器、超导磁储能装置、超导变压器、超导电动机和超导电缆研制成功并投入示范性运行。本文总结了超导技术在电力应用方面的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了简要分析和展望。     

超导电力技术及其发展前景

介绍了超导电力技术国内外发展进程及研究现状,论述了超导电力技术与传统电力技术相比具有的应用优势,阐明了超导电力技术的发展方向,最后指出了超导电力技术的应用前景.     

超导技术的发展及其在电力系统中的应用

超导技术在电力系统的应用是21世纪电力科学技术最具发展潜力的应用之一,文章回顾了超导技术的最新发展,重点介绍了已经或者正在商品化的超导电缆,超导变压器,超导电机,超导限流器,超导储能器等超导电力设备及其在电力系统中的应用和应用的突破方向。     

超导电力技术在未来智能电网应用研究

超导电力作为一门尖端前沿的科学技术,其快速发展积极推动了我国电力行业巨大的改革,同时超导电力技术的日趋成熟逐渐克服了未来智能电网的技术瓶颈。由超导电力技术衍生出的高温超导限流器、超导电缆、超导储能装置将对我国电力行业产生新一轮的改革,超导电力技术的成熟将成为我国电力技术历史上一个新的里程碑。     

超导储能装置变流器控制策略的分析

随着高温超导材料的发现以及电力电子技术的快速发展，超导储能（SMES）装置在电力系统中的应用越来越广泛，超导储能装置的核心问题是对变流器的控制，为此详细地介绍了超导储能装置中变流器控制策略的原理及特点，并对各种控制策略进行了分析。     

超导电力装置规模化应用中的基础性理论和技术课题

超导装置在电力系统中的有效应用可以大幅度提高输配电线路的输送容量,改善电能的质量,降低电网的损耗,减少电力设备占地和环境污染。国内外研究单位开展了大量的研究开发工作,研制出各类超导电力装置并挂网示范运行。本文在现有超导电力装置研究的基础上,分析超导装置引入电力系统后带来的一系列基础理论和技术问题,分别从装置层面、运行层面及系统层面具体分析并概要性地总结研究思路,以解决超导装置与电力系统的相互配合问题,促进超导装置在电力系统中的工程化应用的进程。     

超导限流器基本概念和发展趋势

超导限流器是多年以来人们在超导电力技术领域的研究焦点之一,也是被认为最有可能率先实现工业化应用的超导电力设备。本文在介绍超导限流器的基本概念、组成要素和功能特点的基础上,讨论了超导限流器设计和应用相关的一些重要技术参数和性能指标。文章还较系统地分析了电阻型和饱和铁心型两种目前发展水平较高的超导限流器的工作原理和应用情况,并比较了两者的优缺点。随着性能的进一步完善,可靠性和可用性的进一步提高,超导限流器有可能成为理想的电网短路故障限流装置。作者期待在不远的将来超导限流器会在各种电网中得到广泛的应用,并由此推动电网的深刻技术革命。     

超导电力技术的现状和发展趋势

超导电力技术将是21世纪具有经济战略意义的高新技术.超导电力技术的应用可以提升电力工业的发展水平和促进电力工业的重大变革.我国的国情和电力工业发展的固有特点决定了:采用超导电力技术解决传统电力工业发展的瓶颈问题,是电力工业发展的必由之路.文中介绍了高温超导材料和超导电力技术的发展现状,展望了超导电力技术的发展趋势和应用前景,最后指出了我国在发展超导电力技术方面应重点研究的课题.     

未来电力系统中的超导技术

简要介绍了与超导电力应用技术有关的超导基本特性,评估了超导线材的发展现状,给出了超导电力应用技术的一些基本概念,并概述了超导技术在电力系统中应用的优越性。     

超导电力技术在未来智能电网应用研究

智能电网将成为电力工业的重要发展方向,超导电力技术为智能电网的发展提供解决方案。本文基于我国目前电力系统现状,从电力系统角度出发,对超导电力技术在智能电网的应用做出具有前瞻性的探讨,重点讨论了超导储能技术、超导电缆技术、超导限流器技术等超导新技术在智能电网的应用前景及其主要研究发展方向。     

发展超导电力科学技术的关键及主要研究课题

从电力系统中引进超导技术后的系统运行、控制、保护等方面论述了发展超导电力科学技术所必须解决的关键课题,并讨论了在发展超导电力科学技术方面国家相关管理部门、科研机构、电力以及机械制造部门参与的重要性。     

桥式超导故障限流器的数字仿真研究

桥式超导故障限流器,它由超导磁体、二极管桥路和直流偏压源组成。超导故障限流器与常规限流电抗器不同之处是:将其接入电网,当电力系统正常运行时,超导体电阻几乎为零,对电力系统运行无影响;当电网发生短路故障时,超导线圈可以无时延地被自动串入线路,从而限制了短路故障电流,使得轻型断路器可以正常动作。通过PSCAD软件对超导故障限流器的运行特性进行仿真分析,证明超导故障限流器在电力系统中应用的意义与前景。     

Transient stability of fully superconducting damperless generator at system fault and study of methods to suppress fault currents

A fully superconducting generator possesses both superconducting armature windings and superconducting field windings. Thus it has great potential merits to increase efficiency and decrease size and weight compared with a partially superconducting generator that has normal armature windings and superconducting field windings. To obtain these merits, the warm and cold dampers should be omitted. However, a fully superconducting and damperless generator (FSDG) has the following problems when it is operated while connected to a power line system: (1) the dynamic stability of the generator operation is deteriorated because the FSDG has no damping elements; and (2) when the power system is subject to a fault, large transient currents and electric torque are induced in the superconducting armature and field windings, which may cause quenching in the windings. As to problem (1), it was shown that the generator could be stabilized in wide range of the operation by controlling the excitation voltage of the field winding in the authors' previous work. In this paper, problem (2) is addressed. The authors investigate methods to suppress the peak values of the transient currents in the armature and field windings and the transient torque by adjusting electric parameters of the generator and introducing superconducting current limiters (the inductance type and the resistance type). Characteristics of these methods are studied by numerical simulation and it is shown that the introduction of the resistance-type current limiter is the most effective. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 15–27, 1997     

First trial of the electric power transmission of 3.8 kV–460 kVA through the prospective power transmission model system integrated under superconducting environment (PROMISE)

Superconducting technology is regarded as a breakthrough to future electric power transmission because of its highly densified and large transmission capability. This paper proposes a concept of the future power system composed of various superconducting apparatuses. A prototype model system called “PROMISE (PROspective power transmission Model system Integrated under Superconducting Environment)” is constructed to prove the realization of the above concept. PROMISE is composed of a superconducting transformer (60 Hz, 6/3 kV, 1000 kVA class), superconducting fault current limiter (6 kV, 200 A class), and superconducting power cable (5 m, 6 kV, 650 A class). This paper also shows that PROMISE realized the transmission of the electric power of 3.8 kV–460 kVA (50 Hz). This is the first achievement in the world. The voltage-current synthetic test verified that PROMISE can withstand ac voltage of 6 kV while carrying ac current of 170 A (60 Hz). The ac loss of superconducting cables, the heat leak of cryostat and the core loss of the superconducting transformer are measured to estimate the transmission loss of PROMISE. These fundamental performances of PROMISE may indicate the feasibility of the future introduction of superconducting technology for electric power systems.     

超导限流器研究与开发的最新进展

介绍了超导限流器的基本工作原理、技术特性、并详细介绍了饱和型、桥路型、电阻型、变压器型、混合型、三相电抗型、屏蔽型等7类超导限流器的结构及工作原理,综述了超导限流器的国内外发展状况,同时提出了超导限流器应用所持有的3个方面的研究课题。     

Development of Nb-Ti cable with ultrafine filament and high-resistivity matrix for ac use

Superconducting ac machines such as transformers and reactors are expected to have an important role in future electric power transport lines. In these machines, superconducting coils are wound with superconducting cables that have low ac loss, stable ac quenching current, and high normal resistivity. We have developed Nb-Ti superconducting cables with ultrafine filaments and high-resistivity matrix for these coils. One such cable is a double-stranded round structure using 0.2-mm strands with 0.14-μm filaments and Cu-30wt%Ni as a matrix material. The 50-Hz quenching current without external magnetic field exceeds 1400 Arms. The ac loss is 15 kW/m³ at a transverse external magnetic field of 0.5 T, 50 Hz, and the normal resistivity is 0.21 Ω/m at 0 T, 10 K. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(2): 8–18, 1997     

Field test of a 70‐MW‐class superconducting generator in the mode of a synchronous condenser

In order to study the basic performance of the superconducting generator in an actual electric power system, a quick response excitation‐type generator was connected to the 77‐kV commercial power grid of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. In the test, the model machine was operated as a rotary condenser supplying about leading 40 M Var to the electric power system. In the tests, the model machine operated stably. The results show that the superconducting generator has effects for stabilizing voltage fluctuations of electric power systems and also for reducing shunt reactor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 17–24, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10053