晶粒大小对双相不锈钢的强度和氢致开裂的影响SCIEI

本文研究了双相不锈钢中晶粒大小与强度的关系以及晶粒大小对氢致开裂的影响,发现在双相不锈钢中,晶粒尺寸与强度之间仍然遵循Hall-Petch关系式,晶粒尺寸越大,双相不锈钢对氢致开裂的敏感性越大。     

利用SEM-EBSP研究多晶体材料高温蠕变损伤组织的不均匀性

研究了多晶体材料在高温蠕变下的空洞出现位置和损伤特点,认为同一组织下空洞的出现及蠕变损伤的位置与晶粒尺寸有关系,晶粒尺寸小的部位易发生损伤。使用电子背散射衍射技术研究了不同损伤位置附近的亚结构形成情况,结合亚结构、晶界滑移、晶粒尺寸与材料变形协调性等材料变形特点,对蠕变损伤机理进行了探讨。     

黄铜箔拉伸屈服强度的尺寸效应

为了研究金属箔的塑性变形性能与尺寸的相关性,在常温下对不同厚度和晶粒尺寸的黄铜箔试样进行了单向拉伸实验.结果表明:随着厚度或晶粒尺寸的减小,箔的屈服强度都会升高,晶粒尺寸对屈服强度的影响满足Hall-Petch细晶强化关系,厚度减小使屈服强度升高也可以主要归结于晶粒尺寸的减小.此外,当箔的厚度小于100 靘时,厚度/晶粒尺寸比不能表征屈服强度的尺寸效应.     

晶粒尺寸对γ-TiAl力学性能影响的纳米压痕研究

为研究纳米压痕过程中晶粒尺寸对γ-TiAl合金力学性能及变形行为的影响,利用Voronoi方法建立多晶γ-TiAl模型,采用分子动力学方法模拟压头压入不同晶粒尺寸模型的压痕过程,得到相应尺寸下的载荷-深度曲线,并计算了7种晶粒尺寸下γ-TiAl的硬度。结果表明：当晶粒尺寸小于9.9nm时,晶粒尺寸与硬度表现出反Hall-Petch关系,位错和晶界活动共同促使材料发生塑性变形,晶界活动起主导作用。当晶粒尺寸大于9.9nm时,晶粒尺寸与硬度符合Hall-Petch关系,晶界对材料变形影响较小,位错主导基体发生塑性变形。另外,分析了γ-TiAl在压痕过程中的应力传递和形变恢复过程,发现致密晶界网格结构能够有效抑制压痕缺陷及内应力向材料内部传递;晶粒尺寸越小,压头下方的内应力分布越均匀,沿压痕方向的弹性恢复比越小。     

晶粒尺寸对γ-TiAl合金力学性能影响的纳米压痕研究

为研究纳米压痕过程中晶粒尺寸对γ-Ti Al合金力学性能及变形行为的影响,利用Voronoi方法建立多晶γ-Ti Al模型,采用分子动力学方法模拟压头压入不同晶粒尺寸模型的压痕过程,得到相应尺寸下的载荷-深度曲线,并计算了7种晶粒尺寸下γ-Ti Al的硬度。结果表明:当晶粒尺寸小于9.9 nm时,晶粒尺寸与硬度表现出反Hall-Petch关系,位错和晶界活动共同促使材料发生塑性变形,晶界活动起主导作用。当晶粒尺寸大于9.9 nm时,晶粒尺寸与硬度符合Hall-Petch关系,晶界对材料变形影响较小,位错主导基体发生塑性变形。另外,分析了γ-Ti Al在压痕过程中的应力传递和形变恢复过程,发现致密晶界网格结构能够有效抑制压痕缺陷及内应力向材料内部传递;晶粒尺寸越小,压头下方的内应力分布越均匀,沿压痕方向的弹性恢复比越小。     

镍基690合金的晶粒控制及其对力学性能的影响

针对不同C含量的690合金,分别研究了C含量对合金晶粒长大行为及退火孪晶的影响。结果表明:在0.011%~0.028%的范围内,C含量变化显著影响690合金晶粒长大过程,其平均晶粒尺寸随着C含量升高而逐渐减小,尤其是C含量在0.020%~0.028%区间时,C含量的晶粒细化效果更为显著。合金组织中∑3ⁿ(n=1、2、3)晶界体积分数基本均随C含量升高而呈先升后降趋势;0.020%左右C含量合金具有更高的∑9和∑27晶界体积分数分布。在此基础上选择C含量为0.02%的合金进一步探讨了固溶温度变化引起的合金晶粒尺寸与力学性能之间的定量关系发现:690合金晶粒细化对强度的影响规律遵循位错塞积模型的Hall-Petch关系,且通过拟合发现抗拉强度强化系数k_T值(18.95 MPa·mm^1/2)小于屈服强度强化系数k_y值(23.67 MPa·mm^1/2),晶粒细化对屈服强度的强化效果比抗拉强度更高。溶质元素变化通过固溶强化引起的强化增量为243 MPa,而晶粒细化引起的强化增量在157~7 MPa之间,690合金强化机制主要为固溶强化机制。     

晶粒尺寸分布对纯铁拉伸性能的影响

研究了纯铁晶粒尺寸分布对单轴拉伸条件下强度及流变应力的影响。结果表明:Hall-Petch关系式中的晶粒尺寸参量取塑性变形实际涉及的尺寸,比取平均晶粒尺寸更合理。前者的值又同时依赖于多晶体的晶粒尺寸分布的两个数字特征,即均值(平均晶粒尺寸)和变异系数(尺寸分布宽度)。在本实验条件下,尺寸分布宽度的影响可达2～5kgf/mm~2。     

纳米金属材料的强度与晶粒尺寸的关系

传统多晶金属材料的强度与晶粒尺寸的关系符合H-P关系,然而,对于纳米金属材料,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,强度与晶粒尺寸的关系不符合H-P关系.这与纳米材料晶界(包括三叉晶界、四方晶界或晶隅)所占的体积分数有很大关系.对此,通过几种修正模型对该问题进行了分析.     

纳米多晶Ni微观结构与力学性能的分子动力学模拟

运用分子动力学技术,结合分析型嵌入原子方法(AEAM)模拟计算了平均晶粒尺寸为2.09～5.23 nm的纳米多晶Ni的微观结构和力学性能.从原子能量分布、径向分布函数(RDF)、局域晶序结构的角度分析了纳米多晶Ni的晶界和晶粒结构,发现晶界部分所占的比例随晶粒尺寸的减小明显提高,结构与普通微晶的相似,纳米晶体的结合能较普通晶体的低.单向拉伸模拟结果表明:纳米多晶Ni的强度与晶粒尺寸之间出现反常Hall-Petch关系;弹性模量的降低与纳米尺度结构特征相关.     

晶粒尺寸及Taylor因子对过时效态7050铝合金挤压型材横向力学性能的影响

采用常温冲击实验和拉伸实验研究了大断面7050铝合金型材横向3个典型位置的力学性能的差异,并通过OM,EBSD和TEM分析了其显微组织.结果表明:晶粒尺寸约为12μm的型材芯部比晶粒尺寸约为6μm的边部的屈服强度高,其原因是芯部较硬Copper取向的形变织构组分更强.根据固溶合金元素含量所得的固溶强化项、亚晶粒尺寸所得的晶界强化项和合金的屈服强度可计算Taylor因子,芯部为3.925,边部为2.257.晶界强化模型中Hall-Petch模型比Nes模型更适用于计算固溶后的晶界强化对合金屈服强度的贡献.此外,还建立了3种试样过时效态冲击功与亚晶粒尺寸之间的线性关系.     

稀土氧化镧掺杂钼合金的强化机制研究

使用粉末冶金工艺制备了不同体积分数稀七氧化镧颗粒掺杂的钼合金。观察了该合金的显微组织并测试了其力学性能。结果表明，稀士氧化镧掺杂钼合金由于其细小的氧化镧颗粒和细小的晶粒的作用而具有较高的屈服强度。对稀士氧化镧掺杂钼合金强化机制的分析结果表明，钼合金的屈服强度主要来源于三个部分：变形前基体强度、细小稀士氧化镧颗粒贡献的强度和细小钼合金晶粒贡献的强度，并给出了稀土氧化镧掺杂钼合金屈服强度与稀土氧化镧颗粒尺寸、体积分数以及晶粒尺寸之间的定量解析关系。     

热处理对NiTi形状记忆合金力学性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对50.8at%NiTi形状记忆合金力学性能的影响。通过对NiTi合金试样在不同温度下进行固溶处理和时效处理并进行单向拉伸试验,得到试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学性能参数。通过光学显微镜对热处理前后试样的显微组织进行观察,估算其晶粒尺寸,并利用Hall-Petch理论分析了试样的晶粒尺寸对屈服强度的影响。研究发现将NiTi合金先进行固溶处理,再进行时效处理,其力学性能改善较为明显。为NiTi 形状记忆合金的工程应用提供了试验依据,有利于扩大该合金的工程应用范围。     

Characterization of the High-Strength Mg–3Nd–0.5Zn Alloy Prepared by Thermomechanical Processing

Magnesium alloys based on Nd and Zn are promising materials for both aviation industry and medical applications.Superior mechanical properties of these materials can be achieved by thermomechanical processing such as extrusion or rolling and by aging treatment, which can significantly strengthen the alloy. The question remains especially about the connection of texture strength created in the alloys based on the specific conditions of preparation. This work focuses on the Mg–3 Nd–0.5 Zn magnesium alloy prepared by hot extrusion of the as-cast state at two different temperatures combined with heat pre-treatment. Extrusion ratio of 16 and rate of 0.2 mm/s at 350 and 400 °C were selected for material preparation. The structures of prepared materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of microstructure on mechanical properties was evaluated. Obtained results revealed the strong effect of thermal pre-treatment on final microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded materials. The Hall–Petch relation between grain size and tensile yield strength has been suggested in this paper based on the literature review and presented data. The observed behavior strongly supports the fact that the Hall–Petch of extruded Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys with different texture intensities cannot be clearly estimated and predicted. In addition, Hall–Petch relations presented in literature can be sufficiently obtained only for fraction of the Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys.     

Improving the properties of cryomilled light alloys Using Spark plasma Sintering and hot isostatic pressing

Ultrafine grained materials consolidated using spark plasma sintering and hot isostatic pressing show great potential for applications in aerospace, energy, and a vast range of other industries. The Hall-Petch relationship cites the strengthening of materials by reducing the average crystallite (grain) size. A study is proposed to investigate the increase in mechanical properties provided by fine-grained, near-nano- and nano-crystalline powders produced from cryomilling and consolidation using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). Initial testing indicates an increase in hardness and shear in commercially pure aluminum by 2–3 times from use of fine-grained, near-nano-, nano-crystalline materials. Cryomilled powders and consolidated forms of these powders will be examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Macrohardness, microhardness, tensile testing and shear testing will be performed to examine the mechanical properties.     

A New Model for Inverse Hall-Petch Relation of Nanocrystalline Materials

In the present article, a new model for inverse Hall-Petch relation in nanocrystalline materials has been proposed. It is assumed that lattice distortion along grain boundaries can cause internal stresses and high internal stresses along grain boundaries can promote the grain boundary yielding. The designed model was then verified using the nanocrystalline-copper data. The minimum grain size for inverse Hall-Petch relation is determined to be about 11 nm for Cu.     

INFLUENCE OF GRAIN SIZE ON STRENGTH AND HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS

The relation between grain size and strength of the duplex stainless steels and influence ofgrain size on properties of hydrogen induced cracking in these steels have been investigated.The Hall-Petch relation between grain size and strength of the steels is also followed.Thesusceptibility to hydrogen induced cracking of the steels increases with increasing grain size.     

Plastic deformation behaviour of fine-grained materials

A phase mixture model in which a polycrystalline material is regarded as a mixture of a crystalline phase and a grain-boundary phase is presented. The model aims to describe the plastic deformation behaviour of fine-grained materials. The mechanical properties of the crystalline phase are modelled using unified viscoplastic constitutive relations, which take dislocation density evolution and diffusion creep into account. The total strain rate of a crystallite is calculated by summation of the contributions of dislocation, boundary diffusion and lattice diffusion mechanisms. The deformation mechanism for the grain-boundary phase is modelled as a diffusional flow of matter through the grain boundary. Using a simple rule of mixtures, the grain size dependence of the overall plastic deformation behaviour of the material is analysed. Rate effects are also investigated. The results of the calculations are compared with previously published experimental data.     

INFLUENCE OF DOPING LEVEL ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO-BASED COMPOSITE VARISTORS

设计、制备了三个系列(不同Bi2O3与Sb2O3掺杂浓度)的ZnO基复合材料. 力学性能测试的结果表明, Bi含量(2%, 原子分数)保持不变, 随Sb含量(在合适的剂量范围内)的增大,由于基质ZnO晶粒减小, 陶瓷致密度增大, 所得材料的模量、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性均增大; Sb含量(3%, 原子分数)保持不变, 随Bi含量的增大, 由于基质ZnO晶粒增大、陶瓷致密度减小, 所得材料的模量、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性均减小.在设计组成范围内材料的最佳力学性能约为: 弹性模量114 GPa, 弯曲模量115 GPa, 抗弯强度120 MPa, 断裂韧性1.87 MPa×1/2.     

Softening of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond at low grain sizes

Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond is a polycrystalline material with crystalline diamond grains in the nanometer size regime. We study the structure and mechanical properties of this material as a function of the average grain size, employing atomistic simulations. From the calculated elastic constants and the estimated hardness, we observe softening of the material as the size of its grains decreases. We attribute the observed softening to the enhanced fraction of interfacial atoms as the average grain size becomes smaller. We provide a fitting formula for the scaling of the cohesive energy and bulk modulus with respect to the average grain size. We find that both these properties scale as quadratic polynomials of the inverse grain size. Our formulas yield correct values for bulk diamond in the limit of large grain sizes.