Hybrid Electrodes Used in Polymer Electro-Optic Modulator with Ultra-Broadband

Hybrid electrode combined coplanar waveguide (CPW) and microstrip lines in ultra-broadband electro-optic modulators. The characteristics of the modulators with hybrid electrode is like that of the modulator with the microstrip lines, in which the microstrip electrode is loaded above only one arm of Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) optical waveguide, besides the problem of microstrip line to coaxial transition and corona polarization in polymer modulators have been best solved at the same time. By using finite element method (FEM), the characteristic parameters such as half-wave voltage, modulation bandwidth characteristic impedance, effective microwave refractive index of polymer modulators with microstrip line and hybrid electrode are analysed and compared in this paper. The results present that velocity match, impendence match and lower microwave propagating loss is easily realized in modulators with hybrid electrode.     

Magnetostatic-forward-volume-wave-based guided-wave magneto-opticBragg cells and applications to communications and signalprocessing

Realization of magnetostatic forward volume wave (MSFVW)-based guided-wave magneto-optic (MO) Bragg cells and their applications to communications and signal processing are reported. Bragg diffraction of guided-optical waves from the MSFVW in a noncollinear coplanar geometry is analyzed. The design of microstrip line transducers that facilitate wideband MO Bragg diffraction with electronically tunable microwave carrier frequencies (2.0 to 12.0 GHz) are briefly discussed. Experimental results obtained with the resulting Bragg cells in both pure and bismuth-doped yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) waveguides and a comparison to the theoretical predictions are presented. Applications of the Bragg cells to light beam modulation, scanning/switching, and RF spectral analysis are presented in detail     

DGS微带线滤波器设计

利用三维场分析法分析了DGS微带线的频率特性，利用电路分析法讨论了DGS微带线的等效LC电路及其参数提取。然后讨论了哑铃的形状、大小、间隙以及介质介电常数对其频率特性的影响。最后给出采用DGS微带线设计的低通滤波器的仿真结果和实验测试结果。     

一种新型一维微带PBG单元结构

通过对传统二维微带 PBG 结构的研究,针对微带线的传播常数是微带线相对于接地板上周期孔眼的两个主轴的位置和方向的敏感参数而不能根据实际情况任意布线的缺点,提出了一种新型一维微带 PBG(photonic bandgap)单元结构及其等效 L-C 电路模型。本文提出的 PBG 传输线可以应用于微波集成电路中,能够减小电路尺寸,且可以抑制高次谐波的产生。     

Concerning the influence of housing dimensions on the response anddesign of microstrip filters with parallel-line couplings [HTS circuits]

In this paper, measured results obtained from a narrow-band microstrip filter are compared with computed responses obtained using two different classes of software for various assumed housing conditions. (Some results from filters with wider bandwidths are also cited.) Housing modes are found to have a potentially significant affect on the bandwidth of microwave filters that involve microstrip coupled lines, even though the housing resonant frequencies are much above the passband of the filter. When analyzing such filters using full-wave three-dimensional (3-D) or 3-D planar field solver programs, it is found to be necessary to accurately model the housing if high accuracy in the computed response is needed. For carrying out filter design by optimization, it is usually convenient to use faster programs that utilize a full-wave two-dimensional (2-D) field solver to obtain line parameters and then use transmission-line analysis for the third dimension. Such programs can introduce housing-mode errors since 2D full-wave analysis implies an infinitely long housing. Ways for getting around this problem are suggested, Physical explanations for the various effects observed are presented and are supported by computer studies of the natural frequencies of a coupled-line microstrip filter structure in the presence of various housing perturbations     

介质目标近场二维SAR微波成像电磁参数估计方法

运用SAR 成像原理对近场的金属介质目标进行毫米波成像研究,阐述了基于合成孔径雷达的二维微波成像算法原理,并详尽推导算法的计算方程。利用仿真软件获得的目标近场散射电场,采用成像算法进行逆散射微波成像。对实际生活中的常用有耗材质特氟龙进行成像仿真,成像效果良好,验证了成像算法的可行性。最终实现了多种介质目标的电磁参数的定量预估,并分析了影响目标成像效果的因素。通过预测值的仿真实验验证了SAR 微波成像测定介质目标的电磁参数方法的正确性和可行性,为实际微波成像系统进行非金属材料的电磁参数测定提供了有价值的参考方法。     

Application of defected ground structure in reducing the size ofamplifiers

This letter presents a new technique to reduce the size of microwave amplifiers using a defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS on the ground plane of a microstrip line provides an additional effective inductive component, which enables a microstrip line with very high impedance to be realized and shows slow-wave characteristics. The resultant electrical length of the microstrip line with DGS is longer than that of a conventional line for the same physical length. Therefore, the microstrip line with DGS can be shortened in order to maintain the same electrical length, matching, and performances of the basic (original) amplifier. To confirm the validity of this idea, two amplifiers, one of which is designed using a conventional microstrip line and the other is reduced using DGS, are fabricated, measured, and compared. The performance of the reduced amplifier with DGS is quite similar to that of the basic amplifier, even though the series microstrip lines with DGS are much smaller than those of the basic amplifier by 53.8% and 55.6% at input and output matching networks, respectively     

Dielectric characterization of PCL-based thermoplastic materials for microwave diagnostic and therapeutic applications

We propose the use of a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based thermoplastic mesh as a tissue-immobilization interface for microwave imaging and microwave hyperthermia treatment. An investigation of the dielectric properties of two PCL-based thermoplastic materials in the frequency range of 0.5-3.5 GHz is presented. The frequency-dependent dielectric constant and effective conductivity of the PCL-based thermoplastics are characterized using measurements of microstrip transmission lines fabricated on substrates comprised of the thermoplastic meshes. We also examine the impact of the presence of a PCL-based thermoplastic mesh on microwave breast imaging. We use a numerical test bed comprised of a previously reported 3-D anatomically realistic breast phantom and a multi-frequency microwave inverse scattering algorithm. We demonstrate that the PCL-based thermoplastic material and the assumed biocompatible medium of vegetable oil are sufficiently well matched such that the PCL layer may be neglected by the imaging solution without sacrificing imaging quality. Our results suggest that PCL-based thermoplastics are promising materials as tissue immobilization structures for microwave diagnostic and therapeutic applications.     

Impact of a normally conducting surface layer on attenuation inhigh-Tc superconducting microstrip transmission lines

A two-dimensional (2-D) model is adopted to characterize high-T _c superconducting (HTS) microstrip transmission lines with a normally conducting surface layer. The model is verified by comparison with a full-wave analysis calculation for identical all-superconducting lines and by calculation of the current distribution and propagation properties for a normal conductor version of the microstrip. Estimates are obtained for the transmission line attenuation constant versus thickness and conductivity of the resistive surface layer. The results suggest that in situ deposition of a normal metal overlayer on the HTS film surface may be a viable technique to secure the long-term performance of microwave devices     

A novel phase noise reduction technique in oscillators usingdefected ground structure

A new technique to reduce the phase noise in microwave oscillators is developed using the resonant characteristic of the defected ground structure (DGS). Two kinds of oscillators have been designed and measured for the examination of the reduction of phase noise by the DGS. The first adopts the DGS section under the microstrip line at the gate circuit, while the second has only the conventional microstrip line. Measurement shows reduced phase noise by 10-15 dB in the oscillator with the DGS compared to the conventional one     

Accurate characterisation of DR coupling with new general-purpose CAD program

It is demonstrated that microwave structures incorporating dielectric resonators (DR) are accurately characterised by means of a 3-dimensional finite-difference CAD package. All major assumptions made so far have been dropped, offering the possibility of a rigorous analysis of the embedding of dielectric resonators into microwave structures. In particular, a finite thickness for the microstrip conductor has been taken into account. The coupling of the DR to a microstrip placed in a metallic housing has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement and give new insight into DR coupling to microstrip circuits.<>     

基于蘑菇状谐振器的谐波抑制的微带贴片天线

提出了一种基于耦合谐振器的微带贴片天线谐波抑制的方法。通过在微带天线馈线与地板之间增加蘑菇状电磁带隙（EBG）单元的谐振器,有效地抑制了天线的2次和3次谐波,减少了谐波辐射对周围微波器件的干扰。对天线的等效电路模型进行了详细分析和研究,通过改变参数令谐振器工作在天线的谐波频率上,从而抑制天线的谐波辐射。为了对理论分析进行验证,我们加工了实物模型并进行测试,测试的数据显示微带天线的2次谐波减少了11.6dB,3次谐波减少了8.4dB。     

全等宽平行耦合微带线带通滤波器的设计

半波长平行耦合微带线带通滤波器由于其结构紧凑,第二通带的中心频率3倍于主通带中心频率,因而在微波集成电路中获得广泛应用。本文提出一种新的设计方法：耦合线节级联直接设计法。这一方法比传统设计方法简便,适用相对带宽范围较宽,为30～80%,而且可以采用全等宽耦合线,因而滤波器结构简洁。     

Real-time spectrum analysis in microstrip technology

We report on a time-domain analog in microwave lines to the spatial Fraunhofer (far-field) diffraction in paraxial conditions. Microstrip lines are used to design filtering configurations acting as spectrum analyzers. They are based on linearly chirped distributed Bragg coupling between the fundamental microstrip mode and the same but counterpropagating mode. Linearly chirped continuous impedance modulation in a microstrip line with varying upper plane strip-width is shown to yield a mode-coupling location and group delay linearly distributed in frequency. Under the condition of a temporal equivalent to the spatial Fraunhofer inequality, the energy spectral density of the input signal is directly recoverable from the average output (reflected) power. It is only necessary to take into account a linear axis-change, given by the dispersion coefficient (group-delay slope) of the structure, from time to Fourier frequency. Both pulsed and nonpulsed RF signals are studied. Sequential time-gated segments of the input have to be processed in the nonpulsed case. The maximum frequency resolution achievable in this situation is discussed. The devices developed here could have important potential applications in the field of temporal signal processing, such as filtering using time-division techniques.     

微带线无源互调的传输矩阵理论方法

均匀微带线是微带电路的基本结构,建立微带线PIM解析模型具有重要意义。本文基于受控源等效,在微带线的集总电路等效模型中,将微带线中的分布式寄生非线性PIM源建模为二次受控电流源或电压源,从而得到微带线PIM电压和电流关系的传输矩阵表达式,建立了寄生非线性机制的微带线PIM解析计算模型;并通过对比不同长度的镀镍微带线与不同浓度掺磷工艺镀镍微带线的传输互调与反射互调规律,验证本文提出的PIM传输矩阵方法的合理性。通过该模型提取了镍镀层在0.71 GHz时的三阶相对磁导率非线性系数为1×10^-10 m²/A²。本文方法为进一步建立其他复杂结构微带电路PIM模型提供了新思路。     

Rectangular resonators in inverted microstrip and suspended microstrip

Resonant frequency characteristics of rectangular resonators in a generalized shielded suspended substrate line are analysed using a rigorous spectral domain technique. The computed dominant mode resonant frequency of rectangular resonators in a suspended microstrip with centred dielectric, inverted microstrip and suspended microstrip are presented as a function of various structural parameters. These characteristics are distinct from those obtained for a conventional microstrip rectangular resonator. Experiments are carried out in the frequency range 4-18 GHz to verify the computed resonant frequencies for a suspended microstrip with a centred dielectric using first-order basis functions. The results should find applications in the design of inverted microstrip and suspended microstrip passive microwave and millimetre wave integrated circuits.     

超薄微带线信号完整性的矩量法分析

超薄（或说零厚度）微带线是微波电路设计的重要组成部分。基于矩量法,推导了零厚度微带线电磁参量的公式,计算了微带线的特性阻抗和相应的等效介电常数,探讨了微带线的准静电边缘效应和两条微带线间的近端串扰问题。计算结果与已有结果相比较,一致性良好。     

一种新型宽带微波有源网络偏置电路的优化设计

利用径向传输线理论对微波有源网络的扇形偏置电路进行了分析。导出了扇形阵偏置电路的目标函数。此目标函数用于计算机辅助设计宽带微带偏置电路，取得了很好的效果。     

A CAD-suitable approach for the analysis of nonuniform MMIC andMHMIC transmission lines

A new method of moment-based formulation for the solution of the telegraphist's equations in nonuniform transmission lines is presented. Entire domain basis functions that build in a frequency variation are used to cover wider frequency and physical dimension ranges. The results obtained using the proposed formulation are validated by comparison to those obtained by a CAD package and to measured data. Different nonuniform lines in microstrip and coplanar technologies on monolithic microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMIC) and miniaturized hybrid microwave integrated circuit (MHMIC) substrates are investigated with an application to the design a matched taper transition in a MMIC coplanar line