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1.
《贵州水力发电》1999,(Z1)
提出在当前进行电力结构调整、优先发展水电、推行“厂网分开, 竞价上网”改革, 必须研究水电上网电价结构。并围绕水电开发提出了水电电价政策制定的目标、原则和思路, 即分析两部制电价结构和分时电价结构对水电特性的反映。得出结论: 水电两部制上网电价可充分反映水电开发、运行的特点; 水电两部制上网电价可促进电力结构和资源优化配置; 水电目前应采用两部制电量竞价上网的形式; 应在两部制上网电价结构中按水电站水库调节能力及水电机组造价等分类计量容量电价; 应在两部制上网电价结构中按机组动态效益的大小增加辅助电价项, 按一定的制度计入上网电价收取; 深入研究水电开发的直接综合效益和间接公益效益,实现定量化、规范化计量 相似文献
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基于边际成本的两部制上网电价模式研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着电力市场的改革、发电侧电力市场的放开,单一的电量电价模式已不能适应电力市场健康协调稳定发展的需要,改革上网电价模式已为大势所趋。文内引进两部制上网电价模式.并系统的分析了其优越性。同时用经济学中的边际成本原理,提出了基于边际成本的两部制上网电价模式,并给出了算例。计算研究表明其结果是合理的、可行的,同时它可促使电力行业的公平竞争.引导规范电源建设,符合我国的国情和电力工业的现状,作为向电力市场最终目标模式过渡,这种模式是值得采用的。 相似文献
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介绍了两部制电价和分时电价等电价机制,以及其在我国的发展现状,提出了电力需求侧管理能否在我国深入发展的关键是建立合理的电价机制,预示着我国电价机制的改革势在必行。 相似文献
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1两部制电价的产生背景及对水电企业的影响
发电成本通常由固定成本和变动成本构成,固定成本主要与机组容量有关,变动成本主要随发电量而变化。一部制上网电价模式没有区分这两种成本。两部制电价把上网电价分为两部分,主要与电站容量有关的部分实行容量电价,主要与发电量有关的部分实行电量电价。当前,我国电力工业正在进行“厂网分开、竞价上网”的改革, 相似文献
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长距离泵输水工程管径选择合理与否直接影响工程投资和运行费用。采用费用现值法,考虑工程运行初期和远期输水流量不同、泵站运行方案不同、水泵工作扬程和水泵机组效率不同以及我国实行两部制电价等因素,探讨长距离泵输水工程经济管径的确定问题。以陕西某长距离泵输水管道工程为例,介绍了DN450,DN500,DN600和DN700等4种管径的费用现值计算,以及输水管道经济管径的确定过程,可供类似长距离泵输水工程经济管径选择参考。 相似文献
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投资费用分摊对于分清调水工程各受益地区之间、部门之间的经济责任大小以及水价测算和定价等工作具有重要作用。提出基于过程和产生机制的调水工程投资费用分摊与两部制水价测算方法,旨在在分摊时反映水价要素的变化过程以及费用产生机制。在阐述投资分摊和费用分摊的原则、方法和具体步骤的同时,分析了两部制水价与单一制水价之间的关系以及供水量、还贷等要素变化过程对水价的影响。最后以产芝水库调水工程为例,研究了向多地区供水的、具有多种费用产生机制和要素变化过程的调水工程投资费用分摊与两部制水价测算方法。 相似文献
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我国目前的电量一部电价制式,没有反映位于不同负荷位置的电站的单位电量中,所付出的不同的容量投资费用,使实际工作中出现了价格与价值背离的问题。为此,提出两部制电价制式的设想,即容量电价用来补偿固定成本、财务费用、固定税金和基本利润;容量按协议规定的质和量计价。两部制电价(容量电价和电量电价)是按电厂的可发容量及上网的发电量分别计付电费的电价制度,它可使价格和价值相一致,有利于经营管理;有利于优化调度;有利于电网电源的优化选择。这是国际上广泛采用的模式,是我国电价改革的方向和目标,但一步到位执行还有很多困难;而用抽水蓄电站试行具有诸多优点和便利条件。 相似文献
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在现阶段及电力市场化过程中,抽水蓄能电站收益主要包含容量收益、电量收益和辅助服务收益三部分。电量电价通过竞争方式形成,现货市场通过价格信号引导抽水蓄能电站充分发挥调峰填谷作用,促进新能源消纳。在电力市场改革及建设新型电力系统背景下,测算了与现货市场相衔接的峰谷分时电价,以峰谷分时电价下的抽水蓄能电站电量收益为切入点,结合容量电价及收益分享机制,推求了面向现货市场抽水蓄能电站资本金内部收益。结果表明,如执行峰谷分时电价政策,抽水蓄能电站电量收益可观,但其中由抽水蓄能电站分享的比例不高,因此从财务角度看电站综合效益提升有限。研究结果可为抽水蓄能电站建设管理单位提供决策支持,在电价政策制定和电站资源优化配置方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以IEEE可靠性测试系统的数据为基础,对不同定价规则的电力拍卖市场进行了基于智能代理的仿真。结果表明:①在统一出清电价(UCP)和按报价支付(PAB)的电力市场,减少发电厂商的市场份额可以削减发电厂商的市场力,但条件是系统要有足够的备用容量;如果负荷需求接近总可用容量,即使最大的发电厂商的市场份额只有11.4%时,其电力市场的价格也会远远偏离其边际成本价格。②在PAB电力市场,市场均衡状态的总购电费用以及平均价格两方面几乎和UCP电力市场电价没有差别,甚至还要高于UCP电力市场的均衡价格,因此,使用PAB的方法很难达到抑制电价飞升的目的。③在当量电价(EVE)的电力市场,发电厂商几乎没有策略空间,所有的发电厂商都自动按照其成本报价,而且对于各种情况都具有相当稳定的表现。EVE还提供了一种独特的容量投资自动补偿机制,使得在发电生产成本存在规模经济性时,发电厂商可以得到合理的补偿。而在UCP和PAB电力市场,一方面会出现发电厂商报高价的现象,另一方面还会出现部分发电厂商负利润的情况。所有结果表明EVE具有优良的市场特征,对于发电容量相对紧缺,不变成本不可忽视的中国电力工业现状,采用EVE不失为一个明智的选择。 相似文献
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提出了电力库联营情况下水电竞争上网的方式和定价方法。水电仅通过 申报日上网电量与容量参与竞争上网。电力交易中心遵循的基本原则是优先使用水电,但是 水 电上网电价由其等值火电的上网电价决定。首先在峰修整去除水电后的剩余负荷曲线上,按 火电竞价上网的实用当量电价法确定火电机组的最优加载顺序和上网电价,然后将水电机组 插入剩余负荷曲线,确定水电机组的加载位置,并以相邻火电机组的上网电价的加权平均作 为其上网电价。最后讨论了水电的年收支平衡问题,并给出了说明性算例。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
12.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献
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简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式,分析其原因,提出了相应的处理方法及措施,并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。 相似文献