气体类透镜效应对TEA CO_2激光器锁模的影响

计算了气体类透镜效应造成TEACO_2激光器纵模频率间隔的变化,讨论了由此引起的锁模效果.流动工作物质或在混合气体中加入较大量的氦气体,减弱类透镜效应,有可能得到较窄的锁模光脉冲;采用适当共振腔结构,也能够改善锁模稳定性.     

On a Mathematical Theory of Decompression

A theory is presented on the decompression procedure required after diving and on the accumulation of gases in the blood and in tissues during a dive. It is postulated that the decompression procedure must be such that at no time the partial pressure of the dissolved gases exceeds the external pressure. It is shown that the partial pressure of dissolved nitrogen is a weighted average of the external pressures to which the diver has been exposed previously. To make allowance for the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen, however, requires a more complicated formulation. The theory is in good agreement with published diving tables.     

Configuration compression for FPGA-based embedded systems

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a promising technology for developing high-performance embedded systems. The density and performance of FPGAs have drastically improved over the past few years. Consequently, the size of the configuration bit-streams has also increased considerably. As a result, the cost-effectiveness of FPGA-based embedded systems is significantly affected by the memory required for storing various FPGA configurations. This paper proposes a novel compression technique that reduces the memory required for storing FPGA configurations and results in high decompression efficiency. Decompression efficiency corresponds to the decompression hardware cost as well as the decompression rate. The proposed technique is applicable to any SRAM-based FPGA device since configuration bit-streams are processed as raw data. The required decompression hardware is simple and the decompression rate scales with the speed of the memory used for storing the configuration bit-streams. Moreover, the time to configure the device is not affected by our compression technique. Using our technique, we demonstrate up to 41% savings in memory for configuration bit-streams of several real-world applications.     

Comparison of computer simulation and experimental results for a 16 µm HBr/CO2laser

An improved version of a computer model simulates 16μm laser output from an optically pumped HBr/CO2/Ar laser cavity. A rate equation approach is used to examine the time history of vibrational and rotational excitation and subsequent lasing from the HBr/ CO2gas mixture. Rotational nonequilibdum phenomena in HBr and CO2are included. The effect of bleaching a particular vibrational-rotational transition with optical saturation is modeled in detail. The results of the computer simulation are compared to the laboratory observations from two separate experiments. The model predicts accurately the effect of changing partial pressures of the constituent gases on 16μm power and energy. The model reveals the important kinetic mechanisms yielding these trends. Finally, the model is modified to simulate optical pumping by an HF laser of an HF/CO2/Ar gas mixture. A case by case comparison with the results of the HBr model prediction show significantly lower 9.4 μm powers and energies for any given HF pressure and no evidence of 16μm laser output from the HF/CO2gas mixture.     

Simulation of dynamic bubble spectra in tissues

Decompression sickness (DCS) is the result of bubble formation in the body due to excessive/rapid reduction in the ambient pressure. Existing models relate the decompression stress either to the inert gas load or to the size of a single bubble in a tissue compartment. This paper presents a model that uses the gas exchange equations combined with bubble dissolution physics and population balance equations to produce a new mathematical framework for DCS modeling. This framework, the population balance model for decompression sickness (PBMDS), simulates the number of bubbles with their corresponding size distributions in a compartmental tissue array. The model has a modular structure that enables one to explore different modeling results with respect to key aspects of DCS, such as gas exchange, nucleation, and surface tension. The paper's goal is to present the derivation of PBMDS in detail, however, three simple application case studies are provided. The aim of these case studies is to suggest that PBMDS supplies additional information on bubble distribution while supporting the results from current practice.     

Compact helium speech unscrambler using charge-transfer devices

Helium speech is the term commonly used for the distorted speech uttered by deep-sea divers breathing in a helium/oxygen mixture. Present unscrambler designs use pitch synchronous time-expansion signal processing with digital storage. The compact unscrambler reported here has been configured using analogue charge-transfer devices for waveform storage and c.m.o.s. digital circuitry for control logic as a precursor to development of the whole system as a single integrated circuit. The compact unscrambler itself is shown to offer distinct engineering and operational advantages.     

保护气流对CO2激光焊接铝合金的影响

利用3 kW高功率CO2激光器,通过改变保护气体流量和流动方向,对2 mm厚的A5083铝合金薄板进行了焊接实验研究.研究发现,小孔的稳定存在取决于保护气体对等离子体云的抑制效果,而侧吹保护气体对等离子体云的抑制效果主要取决于所形成的气流方向,从而影响焊接熔化特性.利用有限元法对激光焊接时保护气体在小孔内部和表面气流状况进行了数值模拟,通过对不同焊接条件下模拟形成的小孔气动扰流的气流场和压力分布云图的分析,解释了采用逆向侧吹保护气体吹除等离子体的方法,可以更有效地抑制等离子体云的产生,防止小孔塌陷,有利于维持小孔的稳定性.     

利用MEX实现对硬件的实时处理和仿真

介绍MATLAB中MEX的原理结构和基于MEX完成MATLAB对硬件的操作控制，实现数据实时或准实时处理的方法。该方法的使用，使我们可以利用MATLAB实现对系统的半实物仿真，验证总体方案，优化信号处理算法，加快系统开发进程。     

用于磁控溅射膜的一种剥离技术

为了解决磁控溅射膜的剥离问题,该文研制了一种新型的双层胶剥离技术。通过调整双层光刻胶的坚膜时间、坚膜温度和显影时间,制备出好的光刻胶倒梯形形貌,得到磁控溅射膜较好的剥离效果。为薄膜体声波谐振器（FBAR）的研制提供了有意义的指导。     

Parametric model of a polymeric chemoresistor for use in smart sensor design and simulation

A novel parametric model of a polymeric chemoresistor is proposed for application in the design and simulation of smart gas sensors. The model has been implemented using Cadence™ software and enables the simulation of both the static and dynamic response of a chemoresistor to a mixture of different gases. It also takes into account parametrically the effects of ambient temperature, humidity and sensor noise. The layout design and a schematic symbol have also been generated in Cadence -thus creating a resistive polymeric cell that can be used in the general design of smart ASIC based systems. The top cell comprises several sub-cells allowing versatility and adaptability in implementation through its modular structure. By changing the values of the simulation parameters and/or the mathematical model of the sub-cell that evaluates the gas sensor response, it is possible to extend its application to the design and simulation of chemoresistors in different configurations and with different gas sensitive materials. Here we illustrate our model in the design and simulation of resistive sensors employing carbon-black polymer composite films as the class of gas sensitive material.     

紫外预电离TEA CO2激光器的实验研究

介绍了采用火花针紫外预电离高重复频率TEA CO2激光器系统的结构及其实验研究结果.该激光器的脉冲放电行为由旋转火花开关和高压脉冲触发器进行控制,并通过自动翻转电路实现对称张氏电极之间的均匀辉光放电.通过改变激光器工作气体气压、充气配比及注入能量,测量单脉冲输出能量.实验结果表明,激光器的输出能量及电光转换效率随CO2或N2充气压改变存在最佳点,最佳点与注入能量有关.输出能量及电光转换效率与总充气压呈线性关系.该激光器在单脉冲放电条件下比在高重复频率时能够注入更多的能量和充入更高的气压,脉冲能量最大输出可达53J以上,经过进一步地参数优化,该激光器最高的电光转换效率达到17%以上.     

Effect of ferrocene concentration in a working gas mixture on carbon-nanotube growth parameters

The effect of the ferrocene concentration in a working gas mixture on carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by the CVD method is studied. It is shown that a change in the ferrocene concentration in a gas mixture has a significant effect on CNT growth. A decrease in the ferrocene concentration increases the melt??s free energy and leads to the growth of smaller-diameter nanotubes with a lower number of walls, i.e., two or three. An increase in the ferrocene concentration above 1% leads to degradation of the quality of the growing nanotubes.     

Decompression Studies Using Ultrasonic Imaging of Bubbles

Single bubbles ranging down in size to under 1 ?m (less than capillary size) can be noticed, localized, and measured in ultrasonic images of intact subjects using 7.5 MHz ultrasound for which the wavelength is 200 ?m. Subjects included humans, fish, and guinea pigs. A combined brightness modulation and deflection display was most effective. Bubble reality during decompression and association with symptoms has been demonstrated, as have asymptomatic bubbles, a tendency for bubble formation in fat, recompression bubble showers, and decompression without diving tables. In guinea pigs there were age and male-female differences in susceptibility. Adjacent tissue inert gas pressure, supersaturation, and time constant can be measured by adjusting ambient pressure until bubbles cease to grow. Present data generally favor a supersaturation rather than a phase equilibration model for bends onset. An increase in allowable supersaturation was observed when decompression was to altitude rather than to sea level. Goldfish were seen to survive bubbling that would kill the mammals studied, and some simultaneous observations by light and sound were made in transparent fish.     

优化主氢流量及C/Si比提高76.2mm4H-SiC同质外延浓度均匀性

源在外延片直径方向上的耗尽导致了外延片上局部各点的生长速率及掺杂浓度是个随位置变化的量,因此造成了外延片厚度及浓度的不均匀性.通过引入基座气浮旋转可以有效降低这种不均匀性,在典型工艺条件下,采用基座旋转,76.2 mm 4H-SiC外延片厚度不均匀性、p型掺杂浓度不均匀性和n型掺杂不均匀性分别为0.21%、1.13%和...     

甲烷和氢气混合气体中的多波长拉曼转换

探索Nd：YAG倍频激光与受激拉曼散射(SRS)结合获得从紫外到可见光范围的多波长输出，可应用于激光雷达探测空气污染等领域。利用Nd：YAG激光的三倍频355nm波长输出在甲烷及甲烷和氢气混合气体中的拉曼特性进行研究。获得在396nm，416nm，447nm和503nm 515nm等多个波长分别约100mW的同时输出，以及对个别波长的增强。讨论了不同常见的工作气体及混合气体的特点。与单一工作气体(氢气或甲烷)相比，混合气体可以获得更为丰富的波长输出。相比甲烷气体在紫外激光照射下的分解作用，由于氢气的加入一定程度上抑制了分解反应，混合气体产生的分解沉淀较少。     

基于LZW算法和FPGA的验光仪数据实时无损压缩系统

提出了一种基于FPGA的验光仪的数据实时无损压缩系统,采用LZW算法。首先通过对比分析常用数据无损压缩算法的特点得出LZW算法在实时性、实现复杂度、所需的存储容量、算法的压缩效果和适用的场合方面都有不错的特点,因此以它作为硬件实现的算法。此数据实时无损压缩系统由数据实时无损压缩硬件电路、测试软件、解压软件与读数软件组成,其中数据实时无损压缩硬件电路由数据采集、数据压缩、控制单元、数据存储、电源管理等几部分组成,核心器件是FPGA,利用FPGA芯片内部的RAM资源构成输入数据的缓存器以及LZW算法所需的2个字典存储器,并结合有利于硬件实现的字典管理策略完成了实时无损压缩,同时FPGA还负责对模数转换器、闪存的控制等功能。结果表明该方案所占逻辑资源较少、可移植性强、功能扩展容易,数据的存储和传输效率提高了20%,成本降低了13%。     

Improving the homogeneity of the magnetic field in the magnetic search coil technique

The magnetic search coil technique is used to obtain accurate eye-movement measurements. For the data analysis it must be assumed that the magnetic field does not change over time (apart from the required modulation). To comply with this assumption either no translational movements of the eye coil(s) are allowed or the magnetic field has to be perfectly homogeneous. Both are normally not the case, i.e., measurement errors occur. These errors can be minimized by keeping the magnetic field as homogeneous as possible. Larger field coils are typically chosen to achieve this aim. However, sometimes the experimental setup imposes limitations on the size of the configuration. We present a method for improving the homogeneity of the magnetic field by adding supplementary field coils without changing the size of the configuration.     

抛光垫使用期对300 mm Si片Haze值影响研究

抛光垫是化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中重要的消耗材料之一.由于抛光垫与Si片直接接触,所以抛光垫的物理特性会直接影响到所加工Si片品质的优劣.通过研究不同使用时间的抛光垫结构以及所抛光Si片表面haze值,发现抛光Si片表面haze值在抛光垫使用前期逐渐减小,中期稳定缓慢升高,后期快速升高.从理论上系统地对结果进行了分析,充分证实了在CMP过程中,保持抛光垫特性的稳定对Si片表面质量具有非常重要的意义.     

基于定量递归分析的天然气管线输送流量均衡调度方法

通过对天然气管线输送流量进行优化均衡调度设计,实现对天然气管线运行工况的准确监测。传统方法采用线性时间序列Wolf一步预测方法进行天然气管线输送流量调度,没能有效挖掘天然气管线输送网络中天然气流量的非线性特征,导致调度的准确性不好。提出一种基于定量递归分析的天然气管线输送流量均衡调度方法。首先构建了天然气管线的网络配置结构模型,进行输送流量序列的信号模型构建和非线性时间序列分析,对天然气流量进行相空间重构,在高维相空间中进行递归图构建,实现对天然气管线输送流量的定量递归分析,达到流量准确预测和均衡调度的目的,实现算法改进。仿真实验分析结果表明,采用该方法进行天然气管线输送流量均衡调度,天然气输送运行的工况得到改善,输送配置的均衡性较好,流量预测精度较高,调度效能增强。     

"Shape activity": a continuous-state HMM for moving/deforming shapes with application to abnormal activity detection.

The aim is to model "activity" performed by a group of moving and interacting objects (which can be people, cars, or different rigid components of the human body) and use the models for abnormal activity detection. Previous approaches to modeling group activity include co-occurrence statistics (individual and joint histograms) and dynamic Bayesian networks, neither of which is applicable when the number of interacting objects is large. We treat the objects as point objects (referred to as "landmarks") and propose to model their changing configuration as a moving and deforming "shape" (using Kendall's shape theory for discrete landmarks). A continuous-state hidden Markov model is defined for landmark shape dynamics in an activity. The configuration of landmarks at a given time forms the observation vector, and the corresponding shape and the scaled Euclidean motion parameters form the hidden-state vector. An abnormal activity is then defined as a change in the shape activity model, which could be slow or drastic and whose parameters are unknown. Results are shown on a real abnormal activity-detection problem involving multiple moving objects.