On the improvement of active XML (AXML) representation and query evaluation

Active XML (AXML) as intensional data aims to exploit potential computing powers of XML, Web services and P2P architecture. It is considered a powerful extension of XML to deal with dynamic XML data from autonomous and heterogeneous data sources on a very large scale via Web services. However, AXML is still at an immature stage and various issues need to be investigated before it can be accepted widely. This paper will focus on two issues facing the current AXML system, namely the representation and the query process. We propose superior representation and improved query evaluation for AXML. For justification purposes, we compare our proposed algorithms with the existing algorithms.     

The Active XML project: an overview

This paper provides an overview of the Active XML project developed at INRIA over the past five years. Active XML (AXML, for short), is a declarative framework that harnesses Web services for distributed data management, and is put to work in a peer-to-peer architecture. The model is based on AXML documents, which are XML documents that may contain embedded calls to Web services, and on AXML services, which are Web services capable of exchanging AXML documents. An AXML peer is a repository of AXML documents that acts both as a client by invoking the embedded service calls, and as a server by providing AXML services, which are generally defined as queries or updates over the persistent AXML documents. The approach gracefully combines stored information with data defined in an intensional manner as well as dynamic information. This simple, rather classical idea leads to a number of technically challenging problems, both theoretical and practical. In this paper, we describe and motivate the AXML model and language, overview the research results obtained in the course of the project, and show how all the pieces come together in our implementation. The first and third authors were partially funded by the European Project Edos. Work done when the second and third authors were at INRIA. Work done when the second and third authors were at INRIA.     

Active XML文档有效性检验

文档有效性检验是XML领域的一个基本问题.Active XML(AXML)文档在XML文档中引入Web服务,传统用于解决XML文档有效性的检验方法并不适用于AXML文档,为文档有效性检验提出了新的挑战.研究了AXML文档有效性检验问题,在原始树自动机的基础上,定义了AXML模式树自动机-ASTA机,该树自动机能够有效地描述满足AXML模式约束的文档集合.基于ASTA机,提出了一种多项式时间的AXML文档有效性检验算法.实验数据表明,基于提出的算法能够有效的完成对AXML文档的有效性检验.     

基于Active XML的动态Web服务组合实现

随着Web服务应用的发展,大量存在的应用服务之间需要解决共享和交互,动态Web服务组合为解决信息共享和应用协作的瓶颈问题提供了新的方案。该文通过引入Active XML（AXML）,扩展Web服务,提出了一个基于Active XML的动态Web服务组合框架,在此基础上实现了一个动态服务体系结构。该体系结构支持组合服务的即时生成以及在动态环境中的快速部署和发布。     

基于XML的Web数据挖掘的研究

1.引言传统的数据挖掘方法一般是针对数据库或数据仓库中的结构化数据进行的,但在现实世界中,人们面对的数据绝大部分是属于非结构化或半结构化的,例如Web页面。我们知道,Web的数据量目前至少可以用数百兆兆字节计算,且仍在迅速增长。这些数据一方面为数据挖掘提供了丰富的资源,另一方面也对数据挖掘技术提出了严峻的挑战。与传统的数据挖掘相比,实现Web数据挖掘的主要困难表现在以下三个方面:第一,Web页面缺乏统一的结构,Web上的每一个站点就     

基于形式语言理论的Active XML重写算法

主动XML（AXML）是指一部分数据直接给出,另一部分数据以Web Services调用方式隐含给出XML文档。研究AXML重写问题,给出AXML重写系统的形式化定义,提出一个基于树自动机理论的AXML文档重写算法,并证明该算法的正确性及有效性。实验数据表明,基于树自动机的AXML文档交换方法具有良好的执行效率。     

Active XML文档物化终止性检验算法

Active XML（简记为AXML）文档在XML文档中引入嵌入式Web服务,通过调用这些服务,来获取相应的内涵信息,为AXML文档物化过程。研究了AXML文档物化的终止性检验问题,提出了多项式时间的检验算法,该算法通过构造AXML模式依赖图,检验其无环性来判定AXML文档物化终止性问题,证明了算法的正确性和有效性。     

XML-based specification for Web services document security

The Internet and related technologies have seen tremendous growth in distributed applications such as medicine, education, e-commerce, and digital libraries. As demand increases for online content and integrated, automated services, various applications employ Web services technology for document exchange among data repositories. Web services provide a mechanism to expose data and functionality using standard protocols, and hence to integrate many features that enhance Web applications. XML, a well-established text format, is playing an increasingly important role in supporting Web services. XML separates data from style and format definition and allows uniform representation, interchange, sharing, and dissemination of information content over the Internet. XML and Web services provide a simplified application integration framework that drives demand for models that support secure information interchange. Providing document security in XML-based Web services requires access control models that offer specific capabilities. Our XML-based access control specification language addresses a new set of challenges that traditional security models do not address.     

Cross-platform integration with XML and SOAP

The current rage for middleware has provided tremendous opportunities for those who love to build complex distributed software applications. Interoperability is no longer a fringe movement; it's become mainstream. The big three-Microsoft, IBM, and Sun Microsystems-are now investing considerable resources into interoperability research. I tackle the abstract concept of software interoperability and how the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) can assist in integrating business applications. Together with the concept of Web services, these standards could provide an alternative to what organizations do today: rely on the batch export of data to integrate software applications     

Applying intelligent agents and semantic web services in eGovernment environments

The increasing volume of eGovernment‐related services is demanding new approaches for service integration and interoperability in this domain. Semantic web (SW) technologies and applications can leverage the potential of eGovernment service integration and discovery, thus tackling the problems of semantic heterogeneity characterizing eGovernment information sources and the different levels of interoperability. eGovernment services will therefore be semantically described in the foreseeable future. In an environment with semantically annotated services, software agents are essential as the entities responsible for exploiting the semantic content in order to automate some tasks, and so enhance the user's experience. In this paper, we present a framework that provides a seamless integration of semantic web services and intelligent agents technologies by making use of ontologies to facilitate their interoperation. The proposed framework can assist in the development of powerful and flexible distributed systems in complex, dynamic, heterogeneous, unpredictable and open environments. Our approach is backed up by a proof‐of‐concept implementation, where the breakthrough of integrating disparate eGovernment services has been tested.     

一种支持异构数据集成的Web服务合成方法

基于“协作者”数据集成架构,以网络环境中的数据查询为基本Web服务、关系数据库和XML文档为异构数据源的典型代表,并以其上已有的查询处理和XML数据绑定技术为基础,给出了Web服务环境下的数据集成模型。通过定义该模型上的基本操作（服务）,利用有向图结构描述服务合成过程,提出了支持异构数据集成的Web服务合成方法和相应的优化策略。     

Web services interoperability specifications

A proposed conceptual framework for analyzing Web services interoperability issues provides a context for studying existing standards and specifications and for identifying new opportunities to provide automated support, for this technology. Web services are becoming the technology of choice for realizing service-oriented architectures (SOAs). Web services simplify interoperability and, therefore, application integration. They provide a means for wrapping existing applications so developers can access them through standard languages and protocols.     

Mobile Web services: a new agent-based framework

Mobile devices and server applications often run on different platforms, which can make integration problematic. Web services might offer a solution, but they typically include XML protocols that are too "heavy" for mobile devices. In this article, we describe agent-based mobile services framework. It uses wireless portal networks and eliminates XML processing on mobile clients. It also offers dynamic service selection and rapid application development and deployment for Web service providers.     

ARAXA: Storing and managing Active XML documents

Active XML (AXML) documents combine extensional XML data with intentional data defined through Web service calls. The dynamic properties of these documents pose challenges to both storage and data materialization techniques. In this paper, we present ARAXA, a non-intrusive approach to store and manage AXML documents. We also define a methodology to materialize AXML documents at query time. The storage approach of ARAXA is based on plain relational tables and user-defined functions of Object-Relational DBMS to trigger the service calls. By using a DBMS we benefit from efficient storage tools and query optimization. Approaches without DBMS support have to process XML in main memory or provide for virtual memory solutions. One of the main advantages of ARAXA is that AXML documents do not need to be loaded into main memory at query processing time. This is crucial when dealing with large documents. The experimental results with ARAXA prototype show that our approach is scalable and capable of dealing with large AXML documents.     

利用XML技术解决Web数据挖掘中数据异构的问题

讨论了Web数据挖掘中的数据异构问题,通过XML技术建立了一个半结构化数据模型和一个自动抽取模型,以解决Internet上绝大多数因异构、非结构化、动态数据集成问题所导致的Web数据挖掘的困难。     

Improving the Dependability of Web Services Integration

The WS-Mediator framework employs an off-the-shelf mediator architecture and resilience-explicit computing in pursuit of dependable, dynamic Web services integration. Web services and service-oriented architectures (SOAs) represent a new paradigm for building distributed computing applications. Web services offer advantages over conventional distributed computing middleware platforms. Web services' loosely coupled architecture, combined with their standardized interoperability, lead to a new computing paradigm that supports the construction of more flexible and dynamic distributed applications     

Integrating Data Warehouses with Web Data: A Survey

This paper surveys the most relevant research on combining Data Warehouse (DW) and Web data. It studies the XML technologies that are currently being used to integrate, store, query and retrieve web data, and their application to DWs. The paper reviews different DW distributed architectures and the use of XML languages as an integration tool in these systems. It also introduces the problem of dealing with semi-structured data in a DW. It studies Web data repositories, the design of multidimensional databases for XML data sources and the XML extensions of On-Line Analytical Processing techniques. The paper addresses the application of information retrieval technology in a DW to exploit text-rich documents collections. The authors hope that the paper will help to discover the main limitations and opportunities that offer the combination of the DW and the Web fields, as well as, to identify open research lines.     

Applying model-driven engineering to the development of Rich Internet Applications for Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence (BI) applications have been gradually ported to the Web in search of a global platform for the consumption and publication of data and services. On the Internet, apart from techniques for data/knowledge management, BI Web applications need interfaces with a high level of interoperability (similar to the traditional desktop interfaces) for the visualisation of data/knowledge. In some cases, this has been provided by Rich Internet Applications (RIA). The development of these BI RIAs is a process traditionally performed manually and, given the complexity of the final application, it is a process which might be prone to errors. The application of model-driven engineering techniques can reduce the cost of development and maintenance (in terms of time and resources) of these applications, as they demonstrated by other types of Web applications. In the light of these issues, the paper introduces the S^m4RIA-B methodology, i.e., a model-driven methodology for the development of RIA as BI Web applications. In order to overcome the limitations of RIA regarding knowledge management from the Web, this paper also presents a new RIA platform for BI, called RI@BI, which extends the functionalities of traditional RIAs by means of Semantic Web technologies and B2B techniques. Finally, we evaluate the whole approach on a case study—the development of a social network site for an enterprise project manager.     

Identification and resolution of conflicts during ontological integration using rules

Abstract: Integration of ontologies of information sources and consumers is an important phase in achieving web‐based interoperability. The present work describes an approach for identifying certain semantic conflicts while integrating ontologies of heterogeneous information sources. This paper is focused on the identification of homonymy and synonymy between elements in ontologies. In the present work the concepts of homonymy and synonymy are synonymous to naming conflicts and entity identifier conflicts, respectively, and partial synonymy is synonymous to schema isomorphism conflicts. The concept of the mask of interoperability is introduced for the identification of synonymy. The mask of interoperability is expressed in a declarative way as a set of rules, which can then be used for resolution of conflicts during integration of ontologies. As proof of concept, ontologies are implemented using the XML‐based ontology language Ontology Web Language (OWL), and the rules are implemented using the emerging rule language Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). This representation in OWL and SWRL allows the ontology to be executable, flexibly extendable and platform‐independent. The OWL facts and SWRL rules are used by the Jess and Bossam reasoning engine to identify semantic homonymy and synonymy.     

XML and data integration

XML is rapidly becoming a standard for data representation and exchange. It provides a common format for expressing both data structures and contents. As such, it can help in integrating structured, semistructured, and unstructured data over the Web. Still, it is well recognized that XML alone cannot provide a comprehensive solution to the articulated problem of data integration. There are still several challenges to face, including: developing a formal foundation for Web metadata standards; developing techniques and tools for the creation, extraction, and storage of metadata; investigating the area of semantic interoperability frameworks; and developing semantic-based tools for knowledge discovery