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锂~碘电池心脏起搏器的制造与应用是医疗技术的最新成就之一,而聚2-乙烯基吡啶(P_2VP)是制造心脏起博器用固体锂~碘电池的正极材料P_2VP~I_2络合物的必不可少的基础材料。为了配合我国锂~碘电池心脏起搏器的研制,我们用不同类型的催化剂制备了P_2VP。 相似文献
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以6-甲基烟酸甲酯为起始原料,经过还原、氧化、Wittig反应合成了标题化合物,3步总收率66.7%,产品经1HNMR和元素分析表征。该方法具有操作简单、成本低等优点,适合工业化生产。 相似文献
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用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合合成了分子量分布较窄的聚(N-乙烯基己内酰胺)(PNVCL),用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其结构进行了表征;用浊度法研究了无机盐、糖以及表面活性剂对PNVCL溶液低临界溶解温度(LCST)的影响。结果表明, NH_4Br、NaBr、NH_4Cl、NaCl使PNVCL溶液的LCST降低,但KI使PNVCL溶液的LCST升高,LCST降低或升高的程度主要取决于盐中阴离子的种类和离子浓度:糖的结构和浓度对PNVCL溶液的LCST有影响,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)则使PNVCL溶液的LCST升高。 相似文献
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以十四醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和氯乙酸钠等为原料,通过三步反应合成N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱,探索了反应温度、投料比、反应时间、催化剂等因素对产物收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基-1-氯丙烷生成的最佳工艺条件为:催化剂选用苄基三乙基氯化铵,体系最佳pH值为9,反应物摩尔比1∶1.1,环氧氯丙烷的滴加温度65℃,滴加时间1.5 h,反应温度95℃,反应时间5 h;N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基叔胺生成的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应物摩尔比1∶1.2,反应时间20 h;N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱生成的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,反应物摩尔比1∶1.1。在最佳工艺条件下,终产物收率达到85.3%,并用红外光谱对其进行表征。测定其临界胶束浓度为8.0 mmol.L-1,此时水溶液的表面张力为23.4 mN.m-1,表现出较好的表面活性。 相似文献
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壳聚糖季铵盐对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂接枝改性壳聚糖,制备了2-羟丙基三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐。用其处理高岭土的悬浮液,讨论了沉降时间、壳聚糖季铵盐的用量、pH值对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当沉降18 min,壳聚糖季铵盐添加量为8 mg/L,pH=4时,絮凝效果最好,污水的浊度值可降至1.2。 相似文献
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H. M. Fahmy A. A. Aly Z. El-Sayed Mohamed N. A. Ibrahim M. H. Abo-Shosha 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2013,52(1):49-53
Commercial pyrodextrins (PDs) British gum (BG), Dexy-84 (D84), and Dexy-86 (D86) were cationized using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution and used as flocculating agents for ferric laurate suspension. Results indicate that: a) optimal dose of flocculation at pH 6 using different cationized PDs having approximately the same % N (0.372%, 0.365%, and 0.354% and designated as BG-2, D84–2 and D86–2, respectively) follows the descending order: D84–2 > D86–2 > BG-2; b) optimal dose of flocculation using BG-2 is higher at pH 8 than that at pH 6; and c) practically complete flocculation occurs at pH 6 using cationized BG of three different % N (namely 0.21%, 0.372%, and 0.481% and designated as BG-1, BG-2, and BG-3, respectively) and the optimal dose decreases upon increasing the % N. Comparing BG-3 with a commercially available cationic polymer shows that: a) the optimal dose of the latter is 15% of that of BG-3 at pH 6; however, BG-3 achieves complete flocculation, which is not the case regarding to the commercial polymer; and b) at pH 8 the optimal dose of the polymer is 5% that of BG-3 and the extent of flocculation is slightly higher in case BG-3 than the polymer. Combination of BG-3 with aluminum sulfate co-flocculants shows that their effect is higher than that of any of them separately. Adsorption dynamic using Lagergren's equation showed that ferric laurate suspension is combined with BG-3 through a first-order reaction. Moreover, the same process obeys Freundlich type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
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应用LVDV-Ⅲ+型可编程流变仪测定了微米级氧化铁悬浮液絮凝处理后的流变特性,考察因素包括悬浮液固相质量浓度、pH值、絮凝剂添加量、搅拌速度。结果表明,悬浮液浓度不同,其流变性能也表现出不同,在相同剪切速率下,高质量分数悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于低质量分数悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力;pH对絮凝悬浮液流变性有重要的影响。絮凝悬浮液粘度随pH的增加先增大后减小,絮凝剂聚合氯化铝添加量为80 mg的条件下,pH=6.14时表观粘度最大;絮凝剂浓度的不同,对于悬浮液流变性能的影响也不同,在相同剪切速率下,添加高浓度絮凝剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力都大于添加低浓度絮凝剂悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力,增加絮凝剂浓度对提高悬浮液粘着性能具有积极意义;对悬浮液搅拌强度不同其流变性能也表现出不同,在相同剪切速率下,悬浮液的表观粘度和剪切应力随着测试前对它搅拌强度的增加表现出先增大后减小。 相似文献
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The flocculation effects of homemade hydroxamated flocculant(HPAA)and commercially available sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)on synthetic goethite suspensions with different solid contents were studied.The adsorption mechanism of HPAA or PAAS on the surfaces of goethite was investigated.The settling rate of 50 g/L goethite suspension with HPAA(1.74 m/h)was faster than that with PAAS(0.54 m/h),which indicated that HPAA exhibits better flocculation performance than PAAS does.It could be found that the stretching vibration of carbonyl band in hydroxamic acid groups of HPAA was downshifted from 1 654 cm~(-1) to 1 645 cm~(-1) and a new adsorption band appeared at 1 455 cm-1,which demonstrated that a five-membered ring chelate may be formed among iron atoms of goethite surfaces,the hydroxyl groups and the carbonyl groups in hydroxamic acid groups of HPAA.In the case of PAAS,the separation of the asymmetric and symmetric stretches of the carboxylate groups in adsorbed PAAS was 163 cm-1,which was greater than that of unadsorbed PAAS with 157 cm~(-1).There was no indication of a contribution from the monodentate adsorption between iron atoms of goethite surfaces and carboxylate groups of PAAS,but there may exist a bi-dentate bridging structure.Compared with synthetic goethite,XPS curve fittings of Fe 2p spectra showed that the binding energies of the main Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 resolved peaks on HPAA-treated goethite surfaces were correspondingly decreased by 0.9 and 0.7 e V,while those on PAAS-treated goethite surfaces were correspondingly decreased by 0.7 and 0.3 e V.The characteristic N 1s peak of HPAA and C 1s peak of PAAS were correspondingly detected on HPAA-treated and PAAS-treated goethites,and a binding energy change of N 1s spectrum of adsorbed HPAA was observed.The relative atomic ratios of C/Fe,N/Fe and O/Fe on HPAA-treated and PAAS-treated goethite surfaces were increased.All the results suggested that HPAA or PAAS was adsorbed on the goethite surfaces by the chemisorption,and a stronger adsorption of HPAA on the goethite surfaces happened than that of PAAS. 相似文献
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论文采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)两种絮凝剂,研究了二者协同絮凝埃洛石的行为,通过浊度,红外光谱和絮团显微结构的观察,分析了二者协同絮凝埃洛石的机制.PAC+ PAM协同作用适宜絮凝条件为:药剂总浓度3.33 kg/t,药剂配比PAC∶ PAM =3∶1,搅拌时间90 s,沉降时间10 min.结果 表明,先加入PAC可压缩埃洛石表面双电层,同时架桥作用产生小絮团;后加入PAM,PAM大分子链条可与多个PAC产生的小絮团和埃洛石连接,生成大絮团,发挥了网捕卷扫作用;PAC与PAM复配使用,有效将二者优点结合,与单独使用情况相比,可以在保证絮凝效果的同时,有效降低药剂用量. 相似文献