Asymmetric synthesis and receptor pharmacology of the group II mGlu receptor ligand (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid-HYDIA

The asymmetric synthesis and receptor pharmacology of (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)-2-amino-3-Hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (+)-9 (HYDIA) and a few of its O-alkylated derivatives are described. The key step of the synthesis utilizes Sharpless' asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD-beta) for the kinetic resolution of a bicyclic racemic precursor olefin. In contrast to the bicyclic glutamate analogue LY354740, which is a potent and selective agonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), these new conformationally restricted and also hydroxylated or alkoxylated glutamate analogues are potent and selective antagonists for the group II mGluRs.     

Synthesis, conformation and biological evaluation of the enantiomers of 3-fluoro-gamma-aminobutyric acid ((R)- and (S)-3F-GABA): an analogue of the neurotransmitter GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA (1) is one of the major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. This article describes the first synthesis of both the (R)- and (S)- enantiomers of 3-fluoro-GABA (2, 3F-GABA). DFT calculations were carried out in a continuum solvent model (PCM-B3LYP) to estimate the preferred conformations of 3F-GABA in aqueous solution. NMR coupling constants were calculated for each conformer and were then used to simulate the NMR spectra to evaluate the solution conformation of 3F-GABA. A preliminary evaluation of the 3F-GABA enantiomers shows that they act similarly as agonists of cloned GABA(A) receptors; however, they behave quite differently in a whole animal (Xenopus laevis tadpole model).     

(2S,3R)-2-羟基-3-氨基-4-苯基丁酸的合成方法进展

(2S,3R)-2羟基-3-氨基-4-苯基丁酸（AHPBA）是制备Bestatin、Phebestin和Probestin等氨肽酶N(Aminopeptide N)抑制剂的关键中间体。本文从氨基酸法（D-苯丙氨酸、L-天门冬氨酸、苹果酸二酯）、有机金属催化法（双功能铝配合物）、酶催化法（脂肪酶和全细胞酶）以及其它方法对此中间体的合成方法及路线进行综述和分析。经比较,有机催化法、酶法以及苯乙酮法因其具有经济有利、条件温和或路线简单特点,具有潜在的工业化应用前景。同时,未来人们对AHPBA的合成开发将集中在对已有工艺路线的改进与优化。     

(2R, 3S)-3-羟基-天冬氨酸盐酸盐的合成研究

本文介绍了羟基天冬氨酸合成的,以D-酒石酸二乙酯为原料,与氯化亚砜反应成亚磺酸类化合物,再与叠氮化钠发生开环反应后,催化加氢还原后得到羟基天冬氨酸二乙酯,经皂化反应后得到目标产物,四步反应的总收率为42.04%。     

Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 2'-substituted 2-(3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine derivatives as group I selective metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands

The first series of 2'-substituted 2-(3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine derivatives, (2R)- and (2S)-(2',2'-dichloro-3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine (10) and (11), and 2-(2'-chloro-3'-carboxybicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl)glycine (12) were synthesized and evaluated as mGluR ligands. Compounds 11 and 12 were shown to be competitive group I mGluR antagonists. These results are also discussed in light of docking studies with both the active (closed) and inactive (open) conformations of mGluR1.     

(S)- and (R)-fluoxetine as native markers in mass spectrometry (MS) binding assays addressing the serotonin transporter

A recently established and validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of fluoxetine was used to implement MS binding assays for the human serotonin transporter (hSERT)-the primary target in the treatment of depression and emotional disorders. As a label-free screening technique, MS binding assays offer the opportunity to perform kinetic, saturation and competition assays using both (S)- and (R)-fluoxetine as native markers. In kinetic experiments, an association rate constant (k(+1) of 0.92±0.17×10(6) M(-1) s(-1) and a dissociation rate constant (k(-1)) of 0.0032±0.0002 s(-1) for (S)-fluoxetine binding to hSERT were determined. Saturation experiments provided K(d) values of 4.4±0.4 nM and 5.2±0.9 nM for (S)- and (R)-fluoxetine, respectively; statistical analysis revealed that the two enantiomers are equipotent. In competitive experiments with (S)-fluoxetine as a marker, K(i) values were obtained for various known inhibitors with a broad range of affinities for hSERT that correlate well with literature data obtained from radioligand binding experiments with [(3)H]imipramine. Additional competitive experiments using (R)-fluoxetine as a marker led to K(i) values for SERT inhibitors that deviate only marginally from those determined using the (S)-enantiomer. No changes in the rank order of affinities occurred, indicating that there is no difference in the binding characteristics of the two enantiomers.     

(S)-1-溴-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-3-甲基丁烷的合成

以天然存在的L-缬氨酸为原料,经过重氮羟基化、乙酯化、叔丁基二甲基硅(TBS)保护、还原、对甲苯磺酰化、澳化6步反应合成了标题化合物.其结构经1 HNMR、13CNMR和ESI-MS确认.     

Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of mefloquine-based ligands as novel antituberculosis agents

Tuberculosis (TB) is presently regarded as one of the most dangerous infective diseases worldwide and one of the major AIDS-associated infections. To shorten the current treatment regimen, there is an urgent need to identify new anti-TB agents which are active against both replicating TB (R-TB) and nonreplicating TB (NRP-TB). Mefloquine, a well-known antimalarial drug was found to possess reasonable activity against NRP-TB, and accordingly, 30 new analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv. As the target of mefloquine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains unknown, we resorted to modifying mefloquine in a variety of chemically convenient ways, which led us in turn to the active hydrazone 10 a. Further modifications of 10 a led to compound 7 f, with an improved anti-TB activity/selectivity profile with both less cytotoxicity and less predicted CNS side effects compared with mefloquine. The clear structure-activity relationships (SARs) derived from this study should facilitate our ultimate goal of identifying improved anti-TB agents.     

2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙酸的制备

研究了一种用于治疗骨质疏松症药物的关键中间体米诺膦酸的制备方法。实验以二乙氧基膦酰乙酸乙酯和2,2-二甲氧基乙醛为起始原料,经维蒂希-霍纳反应、水解、环合、水解4步制备得到标题化合物。其熔点与1HNMR和文献报道的结果一致,总收率87.5%(以2-氨基吡啶计)。该方法克服了文献报道的工艺缺陷,与现有技术相比,后处理更简单,更适合工业化生产。     

（R）和（S）—2甲基戊酸的合成

使用Ｄ－（－）樟脑衍生物－莰烷－２,１０－磺内酰胺为原料,以Ｎ－烷酰基莰烷－２,１０－磺内酰２胺与碘代烷基化合物进行不对称烷基化反应为关键步骤,共经３步成功地合成出（Ｒ）和（Ｓ）－２－甲基戊酸,其光学纯度大于９５％ｅ．ｅ。本文合成方法具有合成步骤短,产率高,反应条件温和及手性助剂可回收利用等优点,是一种合成各种２－甲基链烷酸的简捷,有效的好方法。     

(S/R)-2-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基乙酰基)氨基-3-苯基丙酸甲酯的合成及抗肿瘤活性

以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲胺丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)/1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBt)为偶联剂,5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基乙酸为中间体,与L/D-苯丙氨酸甲酯通过液相偶联合成了(S/R)-2-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基-乙酰基)氨基-3-苯基丙酸甲酯对映体.其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、MS及比旋光度测试等得...     

Enzymatic synthesis of (R)- and (S)-2-cyclohepten-1-ol

The synthetically useful chiral synthons, (R)- and (S)-2-cyclohepten-1-ol, can be prepared by an enantioselective transesterification of racemic trans-2-(phenylseleno) cycloheptanol using lipases, followed by selenoxide elimination and hydrolysis.     

(5S,6R)-2-苯基-6-[(1R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-青霉烯-3-羧酸乙酯的合成及改进

以光学活性物质(3R,4R)-3-[(1R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基氮杂环丁-2-酮(4AA)为起始原料,经取代、酰化、Witting环合得到了标题化合物,并对其合成方法进行工艺改进.中间体和产物结构经1HNMR、IR、元素分析和质谱表征.并对合成C-2位为苯基取代的青霉烯提供了一种提纯方法,简化了反应过程.     

(1R, 2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺的合成研究

替卡格雷是一种口服选择性小分子抗凝血药,不需要通过代谢激活,自身具有抗血小板活性。而(1 R,2 S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺是合成替卡格雷的一个关键中间体。本文在文献报道的合成路线基础上进行优化,对其中关键步骤—不对称Corey-Chaykovsky环丙烷化反应进行了研究,并筛选出最优反应条件：以L-薄荷醇为手性辅剂、三甲基碘化锍盐为叶立德试剂、二甲亚砜和四氢呋喃为混合溶剂、温度为10~12 ℃、10 %的碘化亚铜为催化剂时,反应的收率为60.5 %;在此基础上以五步反应,20%的总收率合成(1 R, 2 S)-2-(3, 4-二氟苯基)环丙胺。     

Biological activity of (3R,5S,6R)- and (3S,5R,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-(methylethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one,a pheromone ofMacrocentrus grandii (Goidanich) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

In a previous study we reported identification of (3R*,5S*,6R*)-3,5-dimethyl-6-(methylethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one as a component of the pheromone ofMacrocentrus grandii Goidanich. The lactone was present in male and female wasps, and laboratory and field bioassays demonstrated that both sources of the lactone elicit flight initiation, upwind anemotaxis, and casting in male wasps. In the present study, the synthetic (3R,5S,6R)- and (3S,5R,6S)-lactone enantiomers (RSR andSRS, respectively) were bioassayed for biological activity. In wind tunnel studies theSRS enantiomer elicited flight initiation, upwind anemotaxis, and casting by male wasps comparable to lactone derived from male and female wasps. Flight response to theRSR enantiomer averaged 14 percent of theSRS enantiomer. No specific ratio of the stereoisomers was found more attractive than theSRS enantiomer alone. Field studies demonstrated theSRS enantiomer was active alone in attracting male wasps. When paired with (Z)-4-tridecenal (a previously identified female-derived sex pheromone), theSRS enantiomer yielded a synergistic response comparable to (Z)-4-tridecenal plus female-derived lactone.     

(2R,3S)-3-羟基-天冬氨酸盐酸盐的合成

介绍了羟基天冬氨酸的合成,以D-酒石酸二乙酯为原料,与氯化亚砜反应成亚磺酸类化合物,再与叠氮化钠发生开环反应后,催化加氢还原后得到羟基天冬氨酸二乙酯,经皂化反应后得到目标产物,4步反应的总收率为42%。     

Structure-activity relationships of phenylalkylamines as agonist ligands for 5-HT(2A) receptors

Agonist activation of central 5-HT(2A) receptors results in diverse effects, such as hallucinations and changes of consciousness. Recent findings indicate that activation of the 5-HT(2A) receptor also leads to interesting physiological responses, possibly holding therapeutic value. Selective agonists are needed to study the full therapeutic potential of this receptor. 5-HT(2A) ligands with agonist profiles are primarily derived from phenylalkylamines, indolealkylamines, and certain piperazines. Of these, phenylalkylamines, most notably substituted phenylisopropylamines, are considered the most selective agonists for 5-HT(2) receptors. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of phenylalkylamines as agonist ligands for 5-HT(2A) receptors. Selectivity is a central theme, as is selectivity for the 5-HT(2A) receptor and for its specific signaling pathways. SAR data from receptor affinity studies, functional assays, behavioral drug discrimination as well as human studies are discussed.     

(-)-1R,2S,5R-8-(4-溴苯)薄荷醇的合成与表征

以R-( )-长叶薄荷酮为起始原料,经1,4-加成、还原、溴代、水解等4步反应合成了标题化合物,总产率77%。其结构用1HNMR、13CNMR和IR进行了表征。     

氨噻二唑肟乙酸的合成工艺改进

研究了第4代头孢菌素的关键中间体7位侧链酸——氨噻二唑肟乙酸衍生物的合成工艺。考察了多种催化剂在不同浓度条件下对水解反应的影响,结果表明适宜的水解反应催化剂为LiOH,同时使用氧化剂和相转移催化剂可使收率大幅提高,收率达到80%,产品纯度可达97%,质量明显优于其他方法。本工艺原料易得,操作简单,收率提高,产品质量优异,适合工业化生产。     

(R)-(-)-α-对氯苯基异戊酸消旋利用的研究

(R)-(-)-a-对氯苯基异戊酸为光学活性菊酯类杀虫剂顺式氰戊菊酯生产中产生的无效旋光异构体。本文研究了它消旋利用的工艺,在NaOH作用下在DMSO溶剂中回流反应4～6h可消旋化得到(±)-对氯苯基异戊酸,其产品含量大于98%,比旋光度=0。该消旋产物经过拆分得到的(S)- 对氯苯基异戊酸完全适用于(S,S)- 氰戊菊酯的合成。