ITO玻璃在线等离子体清洗的研究

通过在线等离子体清洗的玻璃基片表面沉积的ITO(或SiO2)膜,不仅具有优良的光电特性,而且提高了膜层在基片上的附着力.与未经在线等离子体清洗的基片沉积的ITO膜相比,膜层附着力提高了3.5倍.此项成果已在ITO膜透明导电玻璃连续生产线上得到应用.     

ITO多层减反膜系设计及制备研究进展

玻璃基片表面沉积ITO薄膜赋予玻璃诸多优异的电学、光学性能,但ITO薄膜的沉积也使得玻璃在可见光区透过率下降10%左右,在近红外区呈现高吸收、强反射现象,一定程度上弱化了ITO玻璃的部分应用。通过ITO多层减反膜的设计可以有效地解决上述问题,拓宽ITO薄膜玻璃的应用范围。本文首先阐述ITO薄膜沉积后光学曲线及该曲线各波段光学性能变化的理论解释,进而概述常规的减反膜系设计方法及膜层材料选择,并重点介绍ITO多层减反膜系的相关研究动态,本文结尾对ITO多层减反膜的设计和制备进行了展望。     

ITO玻璃在线等离子体清洗的研究

通过在线等离子体清洗的玻璃基片表面沉积的ITO（或SiO2)膜，不仅具有优良的光电特性，而且提高了膜层在基片上的附着力。与未经在线等离子体清洗的基片沉积的ITO膜相比，膜层附着力提高了3．5倍。此项成果已在ITO膜透明导电玻璃连续生产线上得到应用。     

电沉积技术制备钼酸钡薄膜及其特性表征

采用恒电流电沉积技术，在不同衬底（金属钼片、镀金的硅片、ITO导电玻璃）上，不同溶液酸碱性的条件下制备出了具有白钨矿结构的钼酸钡薄膜，利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）对制备的薄膜进行了分析表征。分析了利用电沉积方法制备的钼酸钡薄膜的成膜机制．实验结果表明：在室温环境下，利用电沉积技术，在不同材质的衬底（金属钼片、镀金的硅片和ITO导电玻璃）上，可以制备出具有白钨矿结构钼酸钡薄膜，不同材质的衬底会影响到薄膜晶粒的形状进而影响薄膜的表面形貌和致密性，用镀金的硅片（Au-Si片）作衬底时，制备的钼酸钡薄膜晶粒更加饱满，晶体生长呈四方锥形，晶界清晰。     

CdS多晶薄膜的制备及性质研究

分别采用近空间升华法和电子束蒸发法在透明导电玻璃和普通载玻片上制备了硫化镉(CdS)多晶薄膜.对制备样品的表征结果表明:(1)两种方法制备样品都沿(002)晶向择优生长,属于六方相多晶结构,但择优取向度不同;(2)CdS薄膜表面连续而致密,粒径均匀,但两种工艺制备样品的S:Cd原子比有较大差异;(3)CdS薄膜的光能隙在2.39～2.44eV之间,电子束蒸发制备样品光能隙稍小.分析认为,两种方法制备样品的上述差异可能与衬底温度、沉积时间及成膜机制的不同相关.     

单分散球形硫化镉粒子的制备及其形貌控制

水溶液中,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,由沉淀法制备出硫化镉的单分散的微球颗粒材料.应用TEM和XRD等测试手段研究了随高聚物浓度的变化对硫化镉颗粒形貌的控制.结果表明,控制高聚物的浓度可以制备得到直径在500nm的单分散硫化镉微球;高聚物浓度在一定范围内,微球的直径随浓度增大而增大,且分散性越好;微球是由硫化镉的微小单晶沉积而成的,随着高聚物的浓度增大,单晶的尺寸越小.     

Ti（SO4）2为钛源电沉积法制备TiO2薄膜的研究

以Ti(SO4)2为钛源采用阴极电沉积法在导电玻璃上生成TiO2薄膜。采用单因素法分析了电压、pH、时间等因素对阴极电沉积TiO2薄膜的影响,确定了电沉积液最佳配方和工艺条件,并采用XRD、SEM、TG-DTA等分析手段进行了表征。实验结果表明:阴极电沉积法制备TiO2薄膜的最佳配方及工艺条件为10mL Ti(SO4)2,3mLH2O2,2mLHNO3,8mL NH3.H2O,20mL H2O,pH为1.5,电压为3.5V,沉积时间为20min。在此条件下,在导电玻璃上能够形成一层均匀TiO2薄膜,经XRD检测该膜层晶型为锐钛矿,该膜层可应用于染料敏化太阳能电池、光催化等领域。     

ITO/Al2O3复合透明导电膜的制备及光电性能

采用磁控溅射技术 ,在预先沉积有金属Al膜的玻璃衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。通过高温热处理 ,获得了透射率高、导电性能好的ITO/Al2 O3 复合透明导电膜。研究了不同Al薄膜厚度下ITO薄膜的晶体结构及其光、电性能 ,结果表明 ,当预沉积Al层厚度为 4 0nm左右时 ,ITO的结晶质量得到提高 ,取向性能变好 ,电阻降低 ,而且在 4 0 0 - 80 0nm范围内具有很高的可见光透过率。实验表明 ,通过改变预沉积Al膜的厚度 ,可以改变ITO薄膜最大透过率对应的波长 ,实现ITO预器件工作波长的匹配     

ITO／Al203复合透明导电膜的制备及光电性能

采用磁控溅射技术，在预先沉积有金属Al膜的玻璃衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。通过高温热处理，获得了透射率高、导电性能好的ITO/Al2O3复合透明导电膜。研究了不同Al薄膜厚度下ITO薄膜的晶体结构及其光、电性能，结果表明，当预沉积Al层厚度为40nm左右时，UTD的结晶质量得到提高，取向性能变好，电阻降低，而且在400-800mm范围内具有很高的可见光透过率。实验表明，通过改变预沉积Al膜的厚度，可以改变ITO薄膜最大透过率对应的波长，实现ITO预器件工作波长的匹配。     

纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及其表面形貌AFM观测

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃载波片及ITO导电玻璃片上制备出负载型纳米TiO2薄膜,并用原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同条件下制备的TiO2的表面形貌进行了表征.结果表明,TiO2薄膜能较好地负载在玻片表面,并且TiO2薄膜的表面形貌与前驱物的配比浓度、基片、热处理温度等都有密切的关系.随浓度和镀膜层数的增大,薄膜中TiO2纳米微晶的颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,从细小均匀粒子膜变为较大不规则的板块结构.在ITO薄膜面形成的TiO2薄膜具有较小的颗粒和均匀的分布.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...