Two-dimensional transforms for device color correction and calibration.

Color device calibration is traditionally performed using one-dimensional (1-D) per-channel tone-response corrections (TRCs). While 1-D TRCs are attractive in view of their low implementation complexity and efficient real-time processing of color images, their use severely restricts the degree of control that can be exercised along various device axes. A typical example is that per separation (or per-channel), TRCs in a printer can be used to either ensure gray balance along the C = M = Y axis or to provide a linear response in delta-E units along each of the individual (C, M, and Y) axis, but not both. This paper proposes a novel two-dimensional color correction architecture that enables much greater control over the device color gamut with a modest increase in implementation cost. Results show significant improvement in calibration accuracy and stability when compared to traditional 1-D calibration. Superior cost quality tradeoffs (over 1-D methods) are also achieved for emulation of one color device on another.     

Energy‐efficient resource allocation in D2D communications for energy harvesting–enabled NOMA‐based cellular networks

In this paper, we propose an energy‐efficient power control and harvesting time scheduling scheme for resource allocation of the subchannels in a nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)–based device‐to‐device (D2D) communications in cellular networks. In these networks, D2D users can communicate by sharing the radio resources assigned to cellular users (CUs). Device‐to‐device users harvest energy from the base station (BS) in the downlink and transmit information to their receivers. Using NOMA, more than one user can access the same frequency‐time resource simultaneously, and the signals of the multiusers can be separated successfully using successive interference cancellation (SIC). In fact, NOMA, unlike orthogonal multiple access (OMA) methods, allows sharing the same frequency resources at the same time by implementing adaptive power allocation. Our aim is to maximize the energy efficiency of the D2D pairs, which is the ratio of the achievable throughput of the D2D pairs to their energy consumption by allocating the proper subchannel of each cell to each device user equipment (DUE), managing their transmission power, and setting the harvesting and transmission time. The constraints of the problem are the quality of service of the CUs, minimum required throughput of the subchannels, and energy harvesting of DUEs. We formulate the problem and propose a low‐complexity iterative algorithm on the basis of the convex optimization method and Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. Simulation results validate the performance of our proposed algorithm for different values of the system parameters.     

New polarisation-state control device: rotatable fibre cranks

A new all-fibre device for controlling the state of polarisation (SOP) in a single-mode fibre is proposed. It consists of two fibre elements called rotatable fibre crank (RFC) elements, each of which is equivalent to a rotatable phase plate. It features a very low insertion loss when used in a fibre circuit, because it can be spliced with input and output fibres, and that the control is endless as in a rotatable phase plate. The effectiveness of the SOP control using this device is verified experimentally.     

Double-island single-electron devices. A useful unit device forsingle-electron logic LSI's

We fabricated a single-electron device that is useful as a unit device for single-electron logic circuits. The device is a three-current-terminal device fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which includes two Si islands whose electric potential can be controlled by gates. Sub-50-nm Si islands were integrated in an area smaller than 0.02 μm² through self-aligned formation of the islands by pattern-dependent oxidation (PADOX) of a T-shaped wire. By PADOX, each island was embedded in one branch of the T-shaped wire. We show two electrical characteristics which demonstrate the usefulness of this device as a circuit element. First, current switching between two branches was performed at 30 K by using gate voltage to control the Coulomb blockade in each island. Second, a correlation between the two currents was observed because the two islands were integrated close to each other. The latter indicates a capacitive coupling between the islands, which opens up the possibility of one-by-one transfer of electrons in this device. These findings show that the proposed island-integration technique is applicable to making ultra-low-power and highly integrated single-electron circuits     

一种改善LED显示屏亮度均匀性的算法

基于显示屏控制技术与校正原理,提出了一种改善LED显示屏亮度均匀性的算法.通过CCD相机采集显示屏RGB图像,用数学形态学和模板匹配法确定灯点的位置并根据发光区域的灰度值计算其相对亮度,生成每个灯点的校正参数,用脉冲宽度调制控制灯点的亮度.实验结果表明提出的算法能有效改善显示屏的亮度均匀性,提高显示屏的显示质量并延长其使用寿命.     

An Assistive VLC Technology for Smart Home Devices Using EOG

In recent years, assistive technology has been an emerging area of research to improve the quality of life, especially for the disabled and elderly people. In this paper, a novel electro-oculogram (EOG) signal based assistive visible light communication (VLC) in a smart home environment is presented. The eye movement is captured using silver chloride (AgCl) surface electrodes placed around eyes. The captured signal is further processed and transmitted using a VLC link to control smart home devices. To validate the proposed EOG-VLC based smart device control scheme, experiments were conducted. For the ease of the experiments, instead of an actual smart home device, we employed a digital door lock to verify its accurate control operation. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed smart device control scheme operates accurately and reliably. Therefore, since the proposed scheme is based on a less hazardous VLC link, it is envisioned that the scheme can pave the way for greener and safer smart homes, particularly benefiting disabled and elderly people.     

应用PDCA实现湿度敏感器件的有效控制

伴随信息技术快速发展与电子产品的普及和应用,电子产品的使用寿命和可靠性越来越成为人们关注的焦点。在电子产品的制造过程中,ESD(静电放电)和MSD(湿度敏感器件)成了威胁电子产品质量的两大重要因素,直接影响产品测试的直通率和产品的可靠性。MSD器件的失效像ESD破坏一样,具有一定的隐蔽性。MSD失效在测试过程中,也不一定会表现为完全失效。在各种诱发器件失效的机制中,MSD失效在电子制造过程中占据相当高的比例。在审核多家SMT工厂过程中发现,MSD的控制远比ESD的防护要薄弱。文章从工作实践出发,探讨应用PDCA全面质量管理的思路来实现电子产品制造过程中湿度敏感器件的有效控制。     

实施PID参数整定提高苯酚丙酮装置自控水平

自控水平是企业生产装置安稳运行、高效生产的重要指标,直接影响能耗和产品质量。控制回路能否投用自控、投用效果好坏取决于控制回路的PID参数设置,为了提高自控水平,燕山石化公司与北京化工大学合作陆续对41套生产装置实施了PID参数整定(根据被控变量的特性,合理选择调节器的参数,获得最佳的控制效果,确保控制回路自动安稳运行)。在此基础上实施了自控率监控,保证了PID优化成果。本文以此为背景,介绍PID参数整定在苯酚丙酮装置的应用情况。     

ECS系统中智能配电装置的应用探索

电气控制系统(ECS系统)是电厂生产设备体系中十分重要的操作控制系统.因此,不断提高ECS系统的现代化控制水平是电厂建设中的重要内容.而智能配电装置是电气控制技术发展的重要成果,通过在ECS系统合理应用智能配电装置,从而提高系统控制的质量与效率.本文就智能配电装置在实际应用中表现出来的特点与优势入手,探讨智能配电装置在ECS系统中的具体应用.     

Enhanced inverter switching for fast response direct torque control[of induction motor drives]

In classical direct torque control (DTC), an inverter switching event can occur once in each control update period. Because the nature of the inverter switching event is unconstrained, it is essential to limit the inverter switching frequency, and hence the control update period, to ensure that under no circumstances is the allowable switching frequency of any individual power device exceeded. Consequently the switching capability of individual power devices is generally under-utilized, and the control scheme produces high levels of ripple in the motor current and torque. This paper describes a new strategy for device switching and voltage vector selection in DTC. The basis of the strategy is an increase in the control update frequency, while limiting the switching rate of each inverter leg. Although the rate at which device switching events may occur is unchanged, the higher control update frequency leads to higher resolution timing of switching events. The advantages of the strategy, demonstrated by experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor drive, are a significant reduction in the steady-state torque ripple as well as a faster transient response     

FMS质量数据采集分析系统的研制

在研究ＦＭＳ质量控制和质量保证技术的基础上，为实现其统计过程控制的要求，设计了质量数据采集分析系统。文章了该系统的硬件配置，数据采集器电路结构和原理以及采集系统的软件设计。作为系统核心的数据采集器是一种便携式仪器，它以８０Ｃ３１为处理器，可作为一种通用的数据录入终端，用于机械制造以及其它行业的质量过程。     

Highly compact integrated optical set-reset memory pixels forparallel processing arrays

An integrated optoelectronic device with a single-mesa structure, which functions as an optical set-reset memory or an optical inverter, is reported. The device is composed of two heterojunction phototransistors and a light-emitting diode vertically integrated on an InGaAsP/InGaAs/InP wafer grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The set and reset beams are incident on a single optical window on each device and are separated by wavelength. The prototype device has shown a large on/off control ratio (27) with relatively low input optical power levels (tens of microwatts). This device concept is extendable to large integrated arrays which are capable of directly processing spatial light signals     

Win32环境下一种通用控制软件的实现方法

介绍了一种通用的控制系统软件的实现方法，该软件架构将复杂的控制系统所有硬件传感器经数学抽象、归类后，使用流对象统一处理，控制软件仅对流操作。所有硬件传感器后台读写用独立线程完成．线程由各自事件同步，同步事件由中断产生，中断由脉冲设备或者定时器产生，软件缓冲区与硬件缓冲区使用临界区对象同步，硬件传感器读写完成后发送用户消息给前台窗口，这样，控制软件中访问硬件的代码段同其他代码段完全独立，特别地，通讯协议等复杂的问题在此软件架构下仅以一条控制函数形式出现。无论控制对象由多少种传感器搭建，无论设备多少，监控软件的架构是一致的，复杂的控制问题就转化为对某类流设备的读写问题。     

基于QoS保证的蜂窝系统接入算法研究

无线通信系统中的关键技术之一就是无线接入控制,它将影响用户终端传输语音和数据业务时得到服务质量的好坏.本文针对3G系统各种业务的特点论述了能有效保障QoS的上行接入控制方案,并据此提出了一种新的接入算法-PCD(Priority Code based Diffserv)算法.它的特点是依据具体业务的分类和QoS指标来分配网络资源,支持大量的用户拥有合理的服务质量水平,有效的解决了上行接入控制.文中设计了实时和非实时业务呼叫的信令流程,并对提出的算法和现有的接入算法进行了仿真评估.     

Analysis and design of coupled-cavity lasers--Part II: Transient analysis

The analysis and design of two-section and multisection coupled-cavity lasers is treated in two parts. In this second part, a numerical analysis of the transient behavior is given. The first part presented a formalism to derive wavelength-dependent threshold gains and device design criteria based thereon. Part II consists of two numerical approaches for the study of spurious mode suppression and general device behavior under pulsed current excitation. The first employs an approximate but useful multimode rate equation which incorporates all the coupled-cavity characteristics into the wavelength-dependent threshold gains derived in Part I. The importance of the design formulas in Part I is illustrated by showing the time-dependent spurious mode suppression as various device parameters are changed. Examples are given showing simulated AM and frequency shift keying (FSK) operation. In the second more rigorous approach, each of the two cavities is spatially subdivided into fine segments, and traveling wave rate-equations relate the complex amplitudes of the forward and backward propagating waves in each segment. This approach is not limited to certain regimes of device operation, but generally supports the simpler approach in most cases of interest. The conclusion is drawn that for realizable device geometries, with the proper device geometries and electrical device control, excellent spurious mode suppression (≳ 25 dB) should be readily attainable with coupled-cavity lasers.     

A novel PWM scheme for single-phase three-levelpower-factor-correction circuit

This paper presents a control scheme for a single-phase AC-to-DC power converter with three-level pulsewidth modulation. A single-phase power-factor-correction circuit is proposed to improve the power quality. The hysteresis current control technique for a diode bridge, with two power switches is adopted to achieve a high power factor and low harmonic distortion. A control scheme is presented where the line current is driven to follow the reference sinusoidal current which is derived from the DC-link voltage regulator, the capacitor voltage balance compensator and the output power estimator. The blocking voltage of each power device is clamped to half of the DC-link voltage. The high power factor and low current total harmonic distortion are verified by computer simulations and hardware tests     

A method for HBT process control and defect detection using pulsed electrical stress

A method for on-wafer reliability characterisation of HBT processes is developed to reveal lifetime deficiencies. Lifetime limiting defects can be generated to investigate the lifetime quality by applying Transmission Line Pulses MP) to the device. Very high current densities can be used to shorten the time of electrical defect generation, while the pulse length is short compared to the thermal time constant of the device. Current and voltage of impulse response and subsequent DC I/V measurements are used for device characterisation between each step of stress which consists of a variable pulse quantity.     

基于无人机技术的水质监测采样装置

为提高水质监测的效率、减少人力劳动和能源的浪费,提出了基于无人机技术的水样采集、水质监测装置,将现场通过水泵采样的数据通过无人机上搭载的STM32微处理器进行处理后用GPRS网络发送至服务器端,地面控制端通过PC机上的上位机进行数据的接收和无人机的控制.实验表明,该装置可高效地进行实时水质监测.     

基于嵌入式系统产品的ICT工装设计

文章介绍了基于嵌入式系统产品的ICT（In circuit test）自动在线测试工装设计,ICT工装使制造过程有了质量可控的工具。ICT工装在A公司各类嵌入式系统产品上广泛应用,不仅提升了生产测试效率,而且制造质量得到明显提升。     

热处理对白色有机电致发光器件发光性能的影响

为获得优质的有机电致发光器件．它的发射光谱是一个关键的因素。传统的方法是采用红、绿、蓝色多层叠合产生白光,但难以控制各基色的峰值强度。制备了利用混合型聚合物作为白色发光层的单层结构有机电致发光器件((OLED),其制备过程比多层结构器件简单得多。一种热处理方法(180℃,1h)用来控制此类白光OLED中各主要电致发光光谱峰值强度间的比例。经过热处理后,这种白光器件的电致发光光谱很接近于Nichia公司的无机白色发光二极管产品的电致发光光谱。由此可推测器件的色坐标接近于白色等能点,而且其阈值电压比热处理前降低了1V。