琼洲海峡跨海斜拉桥方案车桥系统耦合振动仿真分析

摘要：针对琼洲海峡跨海超大跨度斜拉桥方案,建立整车-整桥系统耦合振动分析的精细化数值仿真模型。采用空间杆系和板壳混合单元有限元方法,建立斜拉桥的动力分析模型,并计算其空间自振特性。利用多体系统动力学软件SIMPACK建立三维空间车辆精细化模型,充分考虑了各种非线性因素的影响。最后,采用基于多体系统动力学与有限元结合的联合仿真技术,计算列车以不同车速单线行车和双向对开通过该大跨度斜拉桥的空间耦合振动响应,检算该桥是否具有足够的横向、竖向刚度及良好的运营平稳性。计算结果表明：车辆运行安全性可以得到保障,舒适性指标为“优良”;桥梁的具有足够的刚度,振动状态良好。所得结果可供设计参考。     

跨座式轻轨车与连续轨道梁空间振动分析

摘 要：提出了一种跨座式轻轨车与连续轨道梁空间耦合振动时域分析方法。桥梁采用常规有限单元模拟,跨座式轻轨车采用弹簧阻尼相连的多刚体模拟,可方便考虑走行轮、导向轮、稳定轮下轨道不平顺的影响,直接建立轻轨车－桥梁时变系统的空间振动方程,采用直接积分法同时求解轻轨车、桥梁的空间动力响应,并编制了相应的计算分析程序。以一联3×30 m的双线连续轨道梁为例,计算了轻轨车以不同车速通过双线轨道梁时全过程车桥动力响应。探讨了不同车速、单线行车、双线对开等不同工况对车桥动力响应的影响。计算结果表明：在设计行车速度下,轻轨车可安全舒适通过该连续轨道梁;桥梁具有良好的整体刚度。该方法可运用于跨座式轻轨车与其它大跨度桥梁的空间振动分析。     

大跨度钢桁梁铁路斜拉桥刚度参数敏感性分析

针对某大跨度钢桁梁铁路斜拉桥方案,采用变化结构刚度方法研究梁、索、辅助墩等构件刚度对桥梁结构及行车性能影响。结果表明,增大桁宽能显著增加桥梁横向抗弯刚度,但对车辆走行性影响有限;增加桁高或斜拉索面积能显著提高桥梁竖向基频、降低车桥竖向响应;桥面系对桥梁结构整体刚度贡献不大,对车辆响应影响有限;设置辅助墩可提高斜拉桥竖向刚度、降低车辆竖向加速度及梁端竖向折角等。     

大跨度钢索和CFRP索斜拉桥车桥耦合振动研究

以跨度600m～1400m的大跨度斜拉桥为对象,应用考虑拉索侧向振动影响的车桥耦合振动分析方法研究了钢索和CFRP索斜拉桥的交通振动响应,比较了车辆计算模型、行车速度对计算结果的影响,并分析了斜拉桥的动力冲击系数。研究结果表明,大跨度斜拉桥主梁的振动响应以静位移和长周期振动成分为主,拉索局部侧向振动不明显,车辆计算模型对结构振动响应的影响十分有限,行车速度的提高增加了结构的动力系数,两种拉索材料对斜拉桥在车辆荷载下的振动响应影响很小,斜拉桥的动力系数离散性大且与构件类型有关。     

桥梁颤振概率性评价的随机有限元法

在桥梁的各种风振形式当中,颤振对桥梁的安全威胁最大,而在各种随机因素作用下的桥梁颤振概率性评价也受到了人们的重视。为了计算大跨度桥梁的颤振失效概率,推出了一种结合有限元分析和可靠度计算理论的随机有限元方法,考虑了质量、刚度、阻尼和颤振导数等随机因素对颤振临界风速的影响,并对我国第一座真正意义上的大跨度海上桥梁——东海大桥颗珠山斜拉桥进行了颤振可靠性分析。     

大跨度斜拉桥动力特性分析

应用全桥组合有限元分析的技术思想,以实际建成的大跨度斜拉桥为工程背景,建立计算的基准桥有限元模型。应用通用有限元程序对整桥建立空间有限元模型,计算其动力特性,并结合其他同类型桥梁的理论计算,分析了该类型桥梁的动力特性,为该桥的抗震、抗风设计提供参考。     

突变阵风对列车动力响应及行车安全性的影响

突变阵风因风速在短时内发生瞬时变化容易对高速列车的行车安全性造成威胁。根据一维多变量非平稳随机过程理论，模拟了空间相关的时变阵风脉动风速场。采用多体动力学软件SIMPACK和有限元分析软件ANSYS，建立了42自由度的刚性列车与柔性轨道-桥梁相互作用的刚柔耦合模型，考虑横风向时变阵风的影响，基于刚柔耦合法形成了较为完善的风-列车-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学分析系统。以大跨度拱桥为工程背景，分析了时变阵风在不同车速和风速下对列车和桥梁动力响应特性及行车安全性的影响。结果表明：阵风对桥梁和车辆的动力响应具有重要的影响；在相同条件下考虑阵风影响时，主跨跨中横向位移增幅达到了200%，车辆的轮重减载率、脱轨系数相比于不考虑阵风时增大近30%；在风速大于25 m/s，车速大于80 km/h，轮重减载率将超过安全限值，表明车辆可能发生脱轨。     

基于有限元-向量式有限元的斜拉桥非线性振动计算方法

向量式有限元(VFFE)法本质上是考虑几何非线性的有限元(FE)显式动力时程积分方法。阐述了向量式有限元的基本原理,对比了向量式有限元与基于单元随动坐标系的非线性有限元动力计算方法的相同点与差别,开发了使用杆、梁单元的有限元-向量式有限元统一算法框架的计算程序。使用该程序建立了大跨度斜拉桥计算模型,首先,使用非线性有限元法计算了斜拉桥的静力状态与动力特性,计算了列车-桥梁耦合动力作用下桥梁的振动;然后,使用向量式有限元法计算了斜拉桥在拉索突然断裂状态下的非线性振动;最后,计算了在列车-桥梁耦合动力作用下,拉索发生断裂时,桥梁与列车的振动状态。结果表明:使用向量式有限元可以简单可靠地直接模拟斜拉桥在破坏状态下的非线性振动状态;列车运行至跨中附近时,若斜拉桥跨中最长拉索突然发生断裂,对其他拉索的安全性影响不大,离断裂拉索越远的拉索受到的影响越小,但拉索突然断裂会对桥上行驶中列车的安全性造成威胁。该研究为大跨度斜拉桥在破坏状态下的非线性振动分析提供了新的解决方案。     

大跨度桥梁转体施工中接触面设计及计算分析

为改善大跨度桥梁转体施工中接触面应用分布情况,该文对其接触面进行设计与计算,通过建立微凸接触面模型,对转动体系有限元模型进行分析,计算接触面力学,构建大跨度桥梁转体系统有限元模型。在此基础上,优化设计大跨度桥梁转体施工中接触面,并对优化设计效果计算与检验,为大跨度桥梁桩体接触面设计与制造提供参考。     

耗能型辅助墩抗震性能数值研究

耗能型辅助墩可以有效地实现大跨度斜拉桥的地震损伤控制。刚度和强度是耗能型辅助墩的关键设计参数,因此,该文对安装剪切型连梁和屈曲约束支撑两种耗能构件的双柱墩进行理论分析,推导了耗能型辅助墩的刚度和强度的简化计算公式,能够快速准确地估算其弹性刚度和屈服强度。通过有限元模型,仿真分析了其滞回性能,可以准确地模拟耗能型辅助墩的非线性行为,为大跨度斜拉桥的整体弹塑性分析提供了可靠的依据。与试验结果对比,验证了简化公式和有限元模型的准确性。对比研究了安装耗能构件的双柱墩试件和拆除耗能构件的裸双柱墩试件的性能差异,结果表明耗能构件能够显著提高辅助墩的抗震能力。最后,对安装屈曲约束支撑的辅助墩抗震性能进行了参数分析。     

Research on a Diagnosis Method Based on a Correlation Integral

For the first fime,the diagnosis idea based on a correlation integral is proposed,which re-gards the correlation integral as a feature set.The correlation dimension is contained in the double-log curve of the correlation integral to scale,so extracting features directly from the correlation integral can avoid the bottleneck problem of determining the range of non-scale length.Several features extracted from the correlation integral are better than the single feature of the correlation dimension when descri-bing the signal.It is obvious that this method utilizes more information of the signal than does the cor-relation dimension.The diagnosis examples verify that this method is more accurate and more effective.     

The effects of stress on a ferromagnet on a minor hysteresis loop

Reversible and irreversible changes in magnetization due to stress on a minor hysteresis loop were studied at various magnetic field strengths. It was found that the irreversible changes were not always directed toward the principal anhysteretic, contrary to Jiles and Atherton's hypothesis (1986). Also, two different demagnetization methods were used within the minor loop to test the existence of postulated offset anhysteretic curves. The results of asymmetric demagnetizations seemed to support this suggestion     

Effects of apodization on a holographic demultiplexer based on a photopolymer grating

An investigation of the effects of apodization on a holographic demultiplexer that is based on a photopolymer grating is presented. Uniform and Gaussian apodized gratings are fabricated in a DuPont HRF-150-38 photopolymer. From the theoretical and experimental results, the spectral response of the apodized grating has a larger main lobe but lower sidelobes than those in the uniform-grating case. A 42-channel demultiplexer that is based on the Gaussian apodized grating with an 0.4-nm channel spacing is demonstrated. A cross-talk level of -30 dB and an interchannel uniformity of 1.5 dB are archived in the wavelength range of approximately 1550 nm.     

Force acting on a nanoparticle in a fluid

A force acting on a nanoparticle occurring in a fluid has been studied by the molecular dynamics method. It is shown that this force is nonstationary and exhibits a relaxation character. At the initial instant, it is two to three times the Stokes force, but then decreases and, outside the first relaxation region, becomes smaller than the Stokes force. A stationary force acting on a nanoparticle is determined by the particle mass and size. Correlation expressions for determining the drag coefficient are constructed. It is established that the drag force is anisotropic.     

Cyclic heating of a film on a substrate

A mathematical model is presented for cyclic heat treatment of a film on a substrate, and heating curves have been constructed for a thin silicon wafer heated by an infrared source and cooled by forced convection.     

Reflections on a theme

Abstract

This book can and perhaps should be seen as a kind of portable exhibition with a wall label by Hilton Kramer. As an exhibition it should be reviewed in a fashion somewhat different from a book, with a much greater proportion of text. For many years Kertész's ‘distortions’ have been considered among the most successful surreal photographs ever made. Few people were aware that this series was as extensive as it turned out to be because many of the images had not been published or exhibited. Now that everything Kertész has done is being given the ‘master’ treatment, we are permitted to see what the photographer in earlier times would perhaps have left unseen.