连续反应精馏合成C16～18混酸甲酯的研究

在ｄ２２ｍｍ×ｌ１４００ｍｍ的玻璃填料塔中,以硫酸为催化剂,Ｃ１６～１８混合脂肪酸和甲醇为原料,对反应精馏合成混合脂肪酸甲酯的过程进行了研究,考察了各操作参数对脂肪酸转化率的影响。适宜的工艺条件是：催化剂用量为脂肪酸质量的１．１％,醇酸摩尔比为４．６,回流比为５,相应的脂肪酸转化率为９７．６％。     

2,6-萘二甲酸甲酯化反应工艺研究--催化剂的筛选及工艺条件的确定

研究２，６－萘二甲酸甲酯化反应过程，筛选出适宜的反应催化剂，并对钼酸铵为催化剂时的反应过程进行正交试验，确定最佳反应条件为反应温度１９０℃，催化剂用量１％，反应时间０．５ｈ，液固配比６：１，此条件下反应转化率可达９５．０３％。     

以杂多酸稀土盐为催化剂合成乙酸丁酯的研究

用乙酸和正丁醇为原料,以不溶性杂多酸稀土盐为催化剂合成了乙酸丁酯。当催化剂用量为反应物总质量的３％,反应温度１１０℃左右,反应物料乙酸与丁醇的摩尔比为１．２０：１时,其酯化反应只需１．５～２．５ｈ,乙酸转化率可达９０％。     

混合催化剂催化蓖麻油合成蓖麻油多元醇

以可再生的蓖麻油为主要原料,首次采用甲醇钠和三乙醇胺为混合催化剂,与甘油在N2环境中发生酯交换反应,生成蓖麻油单甘脂和蓖麻油甘二酯。考察了催化剂用量、甘油用量、反应温度、反应时间对蓖麻油单甘脂转化率、蓖麻油甘二酯转化率和总转化率的影响,并与传统的催化剂甲醇钠、钛酸四丁酯催化酯交换反应进行了比较。采用FT-IR、GPC对产物的结构、相对分子质量和转化率进行了表征。通过单一变量控制法对反应的条件进行优化。结果表明,催化剂用量为蓖麻油质量的0．75％、蓖麻油和甘油的质量比为50：12．33、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为2．5h时,蓖麻油多元醇的转化率最高,可达92．54％,与传统催化剂相比较,混合催化剂不仅提高了产物的转化率和羟值,而且使产品的色泽降低。     

氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸环己酯

研究了氯化铁催化下肉桂酸和环己醇的酯化作用,得出优惠条件是：酸醇比为１∶１０（ｍｏｌ）,催化剂用量为０．１８５ｍｏｌ（对１ｍｏｌ肉桂酸）,反应时间２．０ｈ,肉桂酸转化率为７３．４％。     

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的合成新工艺

研究了以ＦｅＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ为固体催化剂,由既作反应物又作淀粉上醇和对羟基苯甲酸为原料合成对羟莽本甲酸丁醌 ,并讨论了催化酯化的各种影响因素,实验表明,固体ＦｅＣｌ２．６Ｈ２Ｏ是合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的良好催化剂,最佳的反应条件为：醇酸ｍｏｌ比为２：１、催化剂与酸的ｍｏｌ比为０．１２：１、反应时间为３ｈ上述条件下,其收率高于９５％, 含量９８％以上。     

金属氧化物催化合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯

对合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯进行了研究，其中包括从众多催化剂中确定ＳｎＯ为反应催化剂，确定了反应的最佳条件，即催化剂用量为醇酐总重的１．５％，醇酐摩尔比为３∶１，反应时间２ｈ，反应温度为回流温度。最后，在最佳反应条件下，顺丁烯二酸酐的转化率达９９．８％。     

固体酸H催化合成C_（4～6）混合二元酸二甲酯的研究

采用固体酸Ｈ催化合成了Ｃ_（４～６）混合二元酸二甲酯，考察了反应时间、酸醇配比、催化剂浓度及催化剂使用寿命对反应的影响，并确定了最适宜的合成条件，在此条件下，混合二元酸的转化率为９６．３８％。     

氯化铁催化合成肉桂酸环己酯

研究了氯化铁催化下肉桂酸和环己醇的催化作用，得出优惠条件是：酸醇比为１：１０（ｍｏｌ），催化剂用量为０．１８５ｍｏｌ（对１ｍｏｌ肉桂酸），反应时间２．０ｈ，肉桂酸转化率为７３．４％。     

三相相转移催化剂催化合成N—乙基间甲苯胺的研究

采用三相转移催化剂（四丁基溴化铵－聚苯乙烯树脂），由间甲苯胺和溴乙烷合成了Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺，探讨了反应条件对产物收率的影响，在催化剂用量５．５％，间甲苯胺与溴乙烷摩尔比为１：１．６及反应时间６ｈ的优化工艺条件下，Ｎ－乙基间甲苯胺的收率达到９３．６％。     

固体酸催化废油酯制备脂肪酸丁酯

研究以废油酯为原料在固体酸催化作用下与丁醇酯交换反应制备脂肪酸丁酯的过程,采用气相色谱对脂肪酸丁酯的含量进行分析。考察了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯化反应转化率的影响。结果表明,该反应的最适宜工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比16∶1,催化剂用量1.2%,反应温度115℃,反应时间4 h。废油酯在最优工艺条件下,经过酯交换反应得到的转化率超过83%。     

采用抽油烟机废油合成增塑剂的实验研究

以抽油烟机废油脂和正丁醇为原料,甲醇钠为催化剂,通过酯交换反应制取非芳基绿色增塑剂——脂肪酸丁酯。研究了醇酸摩尔配比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对酯交换反应产物收率的影响。结果表明,该反应的最佳工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比为4∶1,催化剂用量为0.5%,反应时间为4 h,反应温度110℃。在最佳工艺条件下,酯交换反应产物丁酯增塑剂收率达到了83.05%以上。利用气相色谱对产物含量进行了分析,用红外光谱表征了产物的结构。     

氯化亚锡水合物催化合成戊酸系列酯的研究

采用氯化亚锡水合物为催化剂,研究戊酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应,讨论了戊酸和正丁醇反应的工艺条件,结果表明,在催化剂用量为１５％（质量比）,酸醇摩尔比为１∶１．３,反应时间２ｈ的条件下,酯化率在９８％以上。     

磁性壳聚糖纳米复合材料固定化褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶催化合成木质甾醇酯

以磁性壳聚糖纳米复合材料共价固定的褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶为催化剂,以木质甾醇和油酸为原料,对木质甾醇油酸酯的酶法合成工艺条件进行了优化。得到的最佳工艺条件为：催化剂用量12.7%（以底物总质量计）,油酸与木质甾醇物质的量比为2∶1,木质甾醇质量浓度为122.9 g/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间24 h。在该条件下,木质甾醇转化率为96.42%。对月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸不同碳链长度的脂肪酸或混合脂肪酸进行酯化反应,木质甾醇的转化率可达96.67%～98.74%,催化剂使用5次时,转化率仍可达82.45%。     

Production of Methyl Oleate in Reactive‐Separation Systems

The esterification of oleic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst is studied in reactive‐separation systems. The conversion of the free fatty acid was investigated in two different experiments with the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid, amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time as variables. The conversion of the free fatty acid was found to depend strongly on the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid. The reaction time had a direct effect on the conversion of the free fatty acid, and this conversion decreased with higher temperature. These results were valuable for a preliminary study on biodiesel production, using an acid homogeneous catalyst in a reactive dividing‐wall distillation column.     

橡籽油的酸催化水解工艺研究

以橡籽油为原料进行常压一次酸催化水解反应。研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、油水比和乳化剂用量对水解反应的影响,得出橡籽油水解的最优条件:反应温度为95℃,反应时间为9 h,催化剂浓硫酸用量为10%,油水比为1∶2,乳化剂十二烷基磺酸钠用量为1%,此时橡籽油的水解产物酸值为189.41mg KOH/g,水解率为94.71%。     

Preparation of sorbitol fatty acid polyesters,potential fat substitutes: Optimization of reaction conditions by response surface methodology

Effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to sorbitol, and mole ratio of fatty acid sodium soaps (FASS) to sorbitol on yields of sorbitol fatty acid polyester (SFPE) were examined with a response surface methodology. The optimum reaction conditions selected with response surface analysis were as follows: reaction temperature, 144°C; reaction time, 6.65 h; mole ratio of FAME to sorbitol, 10.7∶1; and mole ratio of FASS to sorbitol, 0.77∶1. Under these reaction conditions, the experimental yield of sorbitol fatty acid polyester (mean value: 92% range: 89–94%) obtained from seven replications was close to the predicted value (94%) calculated from the polynomial response surface model equation. The response surface methodology approach used in this study was able to predict the reaction conditions necessary for a high yield of sorbitol fatty acid polyester.     

Palm fatty acid biodiesel: process optimization and study of reaction kinetics

The relatively high cost of refined oils render the resulting fuels unable to compete with petroleum derived fuel. In this study, biodiesel is prepared from palm fatty acid (PFA) which is a by-product of palm oil refinery. The process conditions were optimized for production of palm fatty acid methyl esters. A maximum conversion of 94.4% was obtained using two step trans-esterification with 1:10 molar ratio of oil to methanol at 65°C. Sulfuric acid and Sodium hydroxide were used as acid and base catalyst respectively. The composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained was similar to that of palm oil. The biodiesel produced met the established specifications of biodiesel of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The kinetics of the trans-esterification reaction was also studied and the data reveals that the reaction is of first order in fatty acid and methanol (MeOH) and over all the reaction is of second order.     

Production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using sulfonated-glucose solid acid catalyst:Characterization and optimization

A palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) has been used for biodiesel production. An efficient sulfonated-glucose acid catalyst (SGAC) was prepared by sulfonation to catalyze the esterification reaction. The effect of three variables i.e. methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time, on the yield of PFAD esters was studied by the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum reaction conditions were:12.2:1 methanol-to-PFAD molar ratio, 2.9%catalyst concentration and 134 min of time as predicted by the RSM. The reaction under the optimum conditions resulted in 94.5%of the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion with 92.4%of the FAME yield. The properties of the PFAD esters were determined according to biodiesel standards.