UWB Direct Chaotic Communication Technology for Low-Rate WPAN Applications

The goal of this paper is to describe the design of an ultrawideband (UWB) system that is optimized for low-complexity, low-power, low-cost, and low-rate wireless personal area network applications. To this aim, we propose a system based on novel direct chaotic communication (DCC) technology, in which a 2-GHz-wide chaotic signal is directly generated into the lower band of the UWB spectrum. Based on this system, two simple modulation schemes, namely, chaotic on-off keying and differential chaos-shift keying, are studied, and the performance of both noncoherent and differential-coherent transceiver architectures is evaluated. Various system design parameters and tradeoffs are discussed throughout the paper, including frequency band plans, data throughput, and system scalability. In particular, the frequency-division multiplexing technique is proposed as a low-cost alternative to achieving simultaneous operating piconets for short-distance applications. The average power consumption for various operating data rates and the technical feasibility of implementing the DCC system as a low-cost integrated circuit are also addressed. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed based on the IEEE 802.15.4a standard channel models to evaluate the performance of the two modulation schemes. In general, both schemes experience little degradation under multipath environments due to the self-inherent wideband characteristic of the chaotic signal.     

An ergodic approach for chaotic signal estimation at low SNR with application to ultra-wide-band communication

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate the parameters of chaotic signals corrupted by noise. By exploiting the ergodic property of chaotic signals, it is shown here that signal parameters can be estimated accurately from the noisy chaotic signal. The proposed estimator is proved to be consistent. The asymptotic variance of the proposed method and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) are derived analytically to assess the estimation performance. Computer simulations confirm that the proposed ergodic estimation approach provides good parameter estimates even at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and its performance is superior to conventional estimation techniques. This method is then applied to ultra-wide-band (UWB) communication by proposing a novel ergodic chaotic parameter modulation based UWB (ECPM-UWB) scheme. The ECPM-UWB scheme is analog and noncoherent. The communication performance of ECPM-UWB is found to be superior through theoretical mean-square-error (MSE) analysis and computer simulations. The ECPM-UWB scheme is shown to have good spectral characteristics. In addition, the proposed scheme is shown to be robust against channel estimation error and multipath fading using both theoretical and numerical analyses.     

A novel self-pilot-based transmit-receive architecture for multipath-impaired UWB systems

In the last few years, ultra-wideband (UWB) systems became an appealing technology for wireless communication applications. Unfortunately, when the transmission channel is affected by intersymbol interference (ISI), system performance of UWB systems equipped with receivers based on conventional matched filters presents error-floor phenomena. Aimed by these considerations, in this letter, we present a novel transmit-receive scheme allowing blind channel estimation and minimum mean-square error linear channel equalization. Essentially, the proposed scheme exploits a very short duration of the UWB pulse for achieving reliable blind deconvolution of the received signal. A nice feature of the resulting system is that blind deconvolution of the received signal is achieved without power and throughput losses. Simulation results support the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, and show that it is able to gain about 8 dB over current UWB receivers based on matched filtering on several test channels impaired by ISI.     

Non-coherent UWB Radio for Low-rate WPAN Applications: A Chaotic Approach

The requirements of low cost, low power and longer operation range for low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) applications has driven the utilization of non linear communication approach. In this paper, a combined ultra-wideband (UWB) and chaotic communication technologies is proposed to meet these challenging demands. Among the candidates, the differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) modulation appears to be a very promising solution. The DCSK is a family of transmit reference (TR) system where a correlator based receiver is used to demodulate the received signal. However, this is not very well understood in the literature and therefore we will exemplify this issue in terms of noise performance. Furthermore, the feasibility study of the proposed DCSK is presented through the scalability and link budget analysis in two different operation modes. The system performance in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and standardized IEEE 802.15.4a UWB multipath channels are provided in order to further demonstrate the capability of the proposed system.     

A highly sustainable multi-band orthogonal wavelet code division multiplexing UWB communication system for underground mine channel

The underground mine channel is highly hostile for communication. A sustainable communication system is required to be integrated as a multipurpose system capable of transferring all types of information such as data, voice and video on identical infrastructure. With its large bandwidth, the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) provides a promising solution to satisfy these requirements. The Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MBOFDM) UWB system provides high resilience to Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by multipath fading channels. This study compares the performance of various existing multi-band UWB systems in the IEEE UWB channel and underground mine channel: MBOFDM, Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Code Division Multiplexing (MBOFCDM) and Multi-Band Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplexing (MBOWDM). Further, the application of 2D spreading to the MBOWDM UWB system is attempted, and as a result, the Multi-Band Orthogonal Wavelet Code Division Multiplexing (MBOWCDM) UWB system is proposed. The performance of the MBOWCDM system in the IEEE UWB channel and underground mine channel is investigated. The performance of the MBOWCDM UWB system is observed to be superior to those of other multi-band UWB systems. Moreover, the MBOWCDM UWB system supports a higher data rate with low complexity and lower overheads.     

信息管理中UWB系统信道估计与均衡算法及实现

通过介绍UWB技术的发展现状,着重阐述了MB-OFDM UWB通信系统的物理层帧结构和信道模型。在分析最小二乘(LS)信道估计算法和基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)信道估计算法的基础上,针对MB-OFDM UWB信号帧结构特征提出了一种基于FFT变换和Hannan-Quinn(HQ)准则的改进算法,即FFT-HQ信道估计算法。该文也提出了一种基于信道估计的自适应均衡算法,利用仿真可以看出此均衡算法在性能上优于传统的基于LS算法调整均衡器系数的方法。     

Compressive sensing‐based signal compression and recovery in UWB wireless communication system

In this paper, we propose a new compressive sensing‐based compression and recovery ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication system. Compared with the conventional UWB system, we can jointly estimate the channel and compress the data, which can also simplify the design of hardware. No information about the transmitted signal is required in advance as long as the channel follows autoregressive process. As an application example, real‐world UWB signal is collected and processed to evaluate the performance of our proposed system. The compression procedure is so simple that we just multiply random Gaussian or Bernoulli matrix with the original data to capture all the information we want. Simulation results show that the data could be perfectly recovered if the compression ratio does not exceed 2.5:1 when Bernoulli matrix is chosen as the sensing matrix. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of convolutional error correcting codes in ultrawideband M-ary PPM signaling

The interference issues related to ultrawideband (UWB) radio pose tight restrictions on the maximum data rate of UWB radio telecommunication systems. A possible solution is to reduce the required signal to interference ratio (SIR) that gives satisfactory performance to the UWB system. In this letter, we propose coded M-ary UWB radio communication systems. Two classes of convolutional codes, namely, low-rate superorthogonal codes and high-rate punctured codes are considered for this purpose. Simulation results on the bit error rate of the proposed system indicates that the system is capable to work in lower SIR's and therefore supports higher data transmission rates in a real interference environment compared to the previously proposed UWB communication systems.     

A Packet-Level Model for UWB Channel with People Shadowing Process Based on Angular Spectrum Analysis

Ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication technologies have been proposed to support high data rate multimedia services in office or residential environments. Due to the low transmission power of UWB, the shadowing effect by moving people can considerably reduce the received signal quality and thus significantly degrade the quality of service (QoS) of on-going transmissions. An open issue is to build a simple model which captures the temporal variation of UWB channels and the packet error rate (PER) due to the people shadowing effect (PSE), which will be a useful tool for upper layer protocol performance analysis and simulation. This paper presents an analytical study of the PSE and the temporal variation of UWB channels induced by the motion of a person. First, we derive the angular power spectral density (APSD) of the indoor UWB channel impulse response (CIR), and the PSE in terms of signal power attenuation. Second, based on a two-dimensional random walk mobility model, the PER variation due to people shadowing is modeled as a finite-state Markov chain (FSMC). The investigation of APSD provides important insights on the spatial propagation characteristics of UWB signals. The proposed packet-level channel model can be conveniently incorporated into analytical frameworks and simulation tools for evaluating upperlayer protocols of UWB networks.     

用细胞神经网络超混沌同步系统实现保密通信

本文提出了一种基于细胞神经网络超混沌同步系统的双通道保密通信系统。用降维观测器思想实现了四阶细胞神经网络超混沌系统的高精度同步，并将其用于双通道混沌保密通信：一个通道传送与信息信号无关的混沌系统的输出信号实现高精度同步，另一个通道传送用混沌信号加密的信息信号。由于同步和加密信号分开传送并且采用了超混沌系统，所设计的保密通信系统具有更高的保密性。     

Performance Analysis of UWB Channels for Wireless Personal Area Networks

Ultra-wide band (UWB) communication is one of the most promising technology for high data rate networks over short-range communication. The ultra-wide bandwidth offers pulses with very short duration that provides frequency diversity and multipath resolution. Ultra-wide band (UWB) channels raise new effects in the receiver, the amplitude fading statistics being different compared to the conventional narrow band wireless channels. This review paper focuses on modeling of ultra-wide band channels, especially for simulation of personal area networks and also discusses the benefits, application potential and technical challenges in wideband communication. The concept of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been applied in wireless communication systems due to its high data rate transmission capability with high bandwidth efficiency and its robustness to multi-path delay. UWB OFDM communication was proposed for physical layer in the IEEE 802.15.3a standard which covers wideband communication in wireless personal area networks. Since the channel model for multicarrier UWB communication is different from that of plain ultra-wide band channel, a novel modification method in UWB channel model is proposed with specific center frequency and multipath resolution. Moreover, dynamic channel estimation is necessary before demodulation of UWB OFDM signals since the radio channel is time varying and frequency selective for wideband systems. The performance of the proposed method is statistically analyzed using LS and MMSE based channel estimation methods.     

Novel UWB Transceiver for WBAN Networks: A Study on AWGN Channels

A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) transceiver structure is presented to be used in wireless body area networks (WBANs). In the proposed structure, a data channel and a control channel are combined into a single transmission signal. In the signal, a modulation method mixing pulse position modulation and pulse amplitude modulation is proposed. A mathematical framework calculating the power spectrum density of the proposed pulse‐based signal evaluates its coexistence with conventional radio systems. The transceiver structure is discussed, and the receiving performance is investigated in the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is easier to match to the UWB emission mask than conventional UWB systems. The proposed scheme achieves the data rate requirement of WBAN; the logical control channel achieves better receiving performance than the logical data channel, which is useful for controlling and maintaining networks. The proposed scheme is also easy to implement.     

一种试验场无线电辐射源模拟器测量与监视系统

基于超宽带采集存储技术构建了测量与监视系统，实现了对无线电监测系统试验场中的模拟无线电监测目标信号群的测量与监视。重点研究了基于并行交替采样的超宽带信号高速采集技术、基于固态磁盘(Solid-State Disk,SSD)阵列流水拼接的海量数据实时存储技术和基于统一计算设备架构(Compute Unified Device Architecture,CUDA)的超宽带信号频谱分析技术等关键技术。测量与监视系统工作频率范围为1.5 MHz～22 GHz，单通道采集速率可达5 GB/s，三通道实时带宽达到6 GHz，最大存储容量达到48 TB，满足对无线电监测系统试验场中通信、导航、雷达等多路模拟无线电监测目标信号进行测量与监视的使用需求。     

基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控混沌通信系统

为解决传统相关延迟键控(CDSK)混沌通信系统存在的误码(BER)性能差的问题,该文提出一种基于施密特正交化的降噪多载波相关延迟键控(NR-MC-CDSK)混沌通信系统。在发送端,利用施密特正交化算法产生N组完全正交的混沌载波,并复制P次作为参考信号,与N个信息信号叠加进行传输,并利用多载波技术,复用每帧信号传输MN个用户信息。在接收端,将信号经匹配滤波器解调,然后通过滑动平均滤波器降噪,并进行相关解调。推导了系统在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道和多径Rayleigh衰落信道中的BER公式并进行了仿真分析,结果表明系统的BER性能优于众多多载波混沌通信系统,数据传输速率也相较CDSK系统有明显提升,为该系统在实际通信系统中的应用提供了理论依据,并显示了较强的应用价值。     

On the performance of using multiple transmit and receive antennas in pulse-based ultrawideband systems

This paper presents an analytical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pulse position modulated (PPM) signal in an ultrawideband (UWB) channel with multiple transmit and receive antennas. A generalized fading channel model that can capture the cluster property and the highly dense multipath effect of the UWB channel is considered. Through simulations, it is demonstrated that the derived analytical model can accurately estimate the mean and variance properties of the pulse-based UWB signals in a frequency-selective fading channel. Furthermore, the authors investigate to what extent the performance of the PPM-based UWB system can be further enhanced by exploiting the advantage of multiple transmit antennas or receive antennas. Numerical results show that using multiple transmit antennas in the UWB channel can improve the system performance in the manner of reducing signal variations. However, because of already possessing rich diversity inherently in the UWB channel, using multiple transmit antennas does not provide diversity gain in the strict sense [i.e., improving the slope of bit error rate (BER) versus SNR] but can possibly reduce the required fingers of the RAKE receiver for the UWB channel. Furthermore, because multiple receive antennas can provide higher antenna array combining gain, the multiple receive antennas technique can be used to improve the coverage performance for the UWB system, which is crucial for a UWB system due to the low transmission power operation.     

A Novel M‐ary Code‐Selected Direct Sequence BPAM UWB Communication System

In this letter, a novel M‐ary code‐selected direct sequence (DS) ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication system is presented. Our purpose is to achieve a high data rate by an M‐ary code‐selected direct sequence bipolar pulse amplitude modulation (MCSDS‐BPAM) scheme. In this system, a particular DS code sequence is selected by the log₂M/2 bits from the DS gold code set. This scheme can accomplish both a high data rate without increasing the system bandwidth or changing the pulse shape and improve the BER with an increase of modulation level M even at a lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The receiver signal processing algorithm is given for an MCSDS‐BPAM UWB system over an ideal AWGN channel and correlation receivers.     

On the UWB system coexistence with GSM900, UMTS/WCDMA, and GPS

This paper evaluates the level of interference caused by different ultra-wideband (UWB) signals to other various radio systems, as well as the performance degradation of UWB systems in the presence of narrowband interference and pulsed jamming. The in-band interference caused by a selection of UWB signals is calculated at GSM900, UMTS/wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA), and Global Position System (GPS) frequency bands as a function of the UWB pulsewidth. Several short-pulse waveforms, based on the Gaussian pulse, can be used to generate UWB transmission. The two UWB system concepts studied here are time hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum. Baseband binary pulse amplitude modulation is used as the data modulation scheme. Proper selection of pulse waveform and pulsewidth allows one to avoid some rejected frequency bands up to a certain limit. However, the pulse shape is also intertwined with the data rate demands. If short-pulses are used in UWB communication the high-pass filtered waveforms are preferred according to the results. The use of long pulses, however, favors the generic Gaussian waveform instead. An UWB system suffers most from narrowband systems if the narrowband interference and the nominal center frequency of the UWB signal overlap. This is proved by bit-error rate simulations in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with interference at global system for mobile communication (GSM) and UMTS/WCDMA frequencies.     

Noise immunity of the wireless communications scheme based on ultrawideband chaotic radio pulses in multipath channels

The problem of determining the noise immunity of wireless data transmission based on ultrawide-band (UWB) chaotic radio pulses in the multipath channel with white noise is substantiated. The results have been calculated via numerical simulation using the multipath channel models describing UWB signal propagation in rooms of different classes at distances as long as several tens of meters. The direct chaotic communications method is shown to have the noise immunity high enough to employ this scheme in practical wireless applications where information is transmitted under severe conditions of multipath propagation. In this case, the ultimate data transfer rates are found to 25 Mb/s.     

Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction in ECMA-368 Ultra wideband Communication Systems Using Active Constellation Extension

Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is an efficient approach for The ECMA-368 Ultra Wideband (UWB) wireless communication Standard. However, the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of MB-OFDM UWB signals, limits the power efficiency of the High Power Amplifier (HPA) due to nonlinear distortion. Hence the need to reduce the PAPR of MB-OFDM UWB signals. In this paper, the efficiency of some recently proposed methods including the Active Constellation Extension Approximate Gradient-Project technique (ACE-AGP) is evaluated in real ECMA-368 communication system, with the use of typical HPA models and the UWB channel models defined in IEEE 802.15.3a standard. The PAPR measure and the bit error rate (BER) are used as performance measures in this evaluation.The results indicate that the ACE-AGP algorithm introduces a significant reduction of PAPR about 6.7 dB and reduces the BER degradation in all UWB channel models with different data rates.     

Investigation and Modeling of the UWB On-Body Propagation Channel

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are becoming an increasingly important part of the wireless communication system. In such a communication system various electronic devices carried by a person on his body can be connected. In this paper, we investigate the UWB body area propagation channel. The channel characterization is based on UWB on-body channel measurements. This paper describes the measurement campaign and the basic characteristics of the body area propagation channel extracted from measurement data.