葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂的合成

以葡萄糖代替甲醛,在碱性条件下合成了葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂。利用红外光谱(IR)及热重分析(TGA)对树脂的结构及热稳定性进行了分析,并通过正交实验获得了该树脂合成的最佳反应条件:pH=13,n(葡萄糖)n∶(对苯二酚)=101,∶反应温度110℃,催化剂用量2.0%,反应时间7h;同时对树脂的固化条件进行了系统研究。     

微波辐射法合成葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂

以葡萄糖代替甲醛,在碱性条件下用微波加热法合成了葡萄糖对苯二酚树脂胶粘剂。并通过正交实验获得了合成的最佳反应条件:n(葡萄糖)∶n(对苯二酚)=8∶1;pH=11;催化剂用量:1.5%;反应时间:6 min。同时对树脂的固化条件进行了研究。     

合成TBHQ的工艺改进

研究了以工业品甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)和对苯二酚(HQ)为原料,在磷酸催化下,合成TBHQ的工艺参数.对催化剂的活性、原料的配比和反应时间等进行了优化考察.当对苯二酚∶甲基叔丁基醚∶磷酸=1∶1∶0.5(mol),反应温度为125℃,反应时间3.5h,TBHQ的收率达85.7%.与传统方法相比,该方法具有价廉、操作简单的特点,具有较高的开发、应用价值.用MTBE作原料合成TBHQ未见有关文献具体报道.     

甲基对苯二酚的合成

用均匀设计法实验研究了对硝基甲苯与浓硫酸在催化剂作用下合成甲基对苯二酚的反应条件 ,考察了各种影响因素。优化出的工艺条件是 :各种物料的质量比m(对硝基甲苯 )∶m(浓硫酸 )∶m(水 )∶m(催化剂 ) =1∶7 6∶5 1 4∶0 2 6 8,催化剂加入时间为 45min ,反应温度为 83 4℃ ,反应时间为 5 0min。甲基对苯二酚的平均单程收率以对硝基甲苯计为 5 7 9%。     

用工业品甲基叔丁基醚合成TBHQ的研究

研究了以工业品甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）和对苯二酚（HQ）为原料,在硫酸催化下,合成食品抗氧剂TBHQ的工艺参数。对催化剂的活性、原料的配比和反应时间等进行了优化考察。当对苯二酚∶甲基叔丁基醚∶硫酸=1∶1∶0.5（mol）,反应温度为115℃,反应时间3 h,TBHQ的收率达77.65%。与传统方法相比,该方法具有价廉、操作简单的特点,具有较高的开发、应用价值。     

对羟基苯甲醚的绿色合成工艺研究

以对苯二酚为原料,采用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)做甲基化试剂合成对羟基苯甲醚,考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量以及对苯二酚与DMC投料比对产物收率的影响。实验表明,以聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)为催化剂、DMSO为溶剂,n(对苯二酚):n(PEG-400):n(K2CO3):n(DMC)=1∶0.3∶0.6∶2,反应温度140℃,反应2h,收率达59.2%。产物经1H NMR、13C NMR结构鉴定。     

微波辅助合成对羟基苯甲醚

以对苯二酚为原料、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为甲基化试剂、聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)为相转移催化剂,在微波辅助条件下合成对羟基苯甲醚,并通过1 HNMR对其结构进行了确证。通过正交实验确定最优合成条件为:n(对苯二酚)∶n(DMC)∶n(K2CO3)∶n(PEG-400)=1∶8∶0.65∶0.40、反应温度95℃、反应时间35min,在此条件下,对羟基苯甲醚的收率为76.40%。该合成方法避免了剧毒试剂的使用,安全性高,操作简单。     

对叔丁基邻苯二酚的合成研究

以邻苯二酚、异丁烯为原料,混酸作催化剂催化合成对叔丁基邻苯二酚的新工艺,探讨了工艺条件对反应结果的影响,确定了优惠条件:反应温度125℃,反应时间2h,物料比n(邻苯二酚)∶n(异丁烯)=1∶0.65,催化剂用量为邻苯二酚的0.1%(m/m),对叔丁基邻苯二酚收率可达93%以上。     

对苯二甲醚绿色合成工艺研究

采用无毒无害的绿色化工原料碳酸二甲酯(DMC)代替有毒有害的硫酸二甲酯、碘甲烷、氯甲烷等作为对苯二酚(HQ)的甲基化试剂,合成对苯二甲醚,并从催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等方面进行优化研究。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为:n(HQ)∶n(DMC)=1∶4,催化剂为DBN(1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯),催化剂用量为HQ用量的10%,反应温度160℃,反应时间6 h。在该条件下对苯二甲醚的收率为98.6%,且反应无废水和废盐产生,实现绿色合成目标。     

以Koch反应合成三甲基乙酸

以Koch反应合成三甲基乙酸。实验工艺中三甲基乙酸的收率(以异丁烯计)高达76.11%(平均值为73.17%),纯度高,实验重复性良好。小试确立了适宜的Koch反应合成条件:反应温度为30℃、反应压力为5.0MPa、硫酸与异丁烯的物质的量比为4.5、溶剂与异丁烯的质量比为3.5、反应时间为2h、进料时间为3h、异丁烯的进料量为1.0mol,n(异丁烯)∶n(溶剂)∶n(H2SO4)=1∶2.3∶4.5。三甲基乙酸的收率以异丁烯计可达77.19%以上,三甲基乙酸的纯度可达99.00%以上。水解反应的适宜条件为:水量为200.0g、水解时间为80m in、水解温度为20℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。