Ukraine gas crisis rumbles on as west again affected

Russian disagreements with Ukraine have continued despite the earlier settlement of a dispute over gas pricing ( see 'Focus', January 2006 ). Deliveries of Russian gas to the west have again been disrupted amid accusations from Moscow that Ukraine has been abstracting more gas from Russia's export pipeline than it is contractually entitled to. The problem, however, appears to originate in Russia, where cold weather has caused domestic demand for gas to soar, leaving less available for export.     

俄罗斯出口天然气管道建设规划及对中国引进天然气资源的影响

为避免俄罗斯与乌克兰之间的冲突对俄罗斯出口天然气的影响,俄罗斯开始规划新的天然气出口管道,包括向欧洲供气的北流管道和南流管道,以及面向亚太地区的东部天然气管道。俄罗斯国内陆续出台的天然气发展规划对中国引进俄罗斯天然气资源有重要影响,萨哈林项目和恰扬金气田成为向中国供气的主要资源基地,东线供气方案实施的可能性越来越大。中国石油公司应时刻关注俄罗斯在东部地区的能源政策与发展动向,以推动引进俄罗斯天然气项目的进展。     

俄罗斯焊管厂为生产大直径油气钢管所进行的改造

简述了石油天然气工业的发展对长输油气干线管道建设及安全可靠性提出的新要求,以及俄罗斯制管企业面临的新任务.介绍了乌克兰国立冶金工厂设计研究院对俄罗斯多家直缝焊管厂所进行的技术改造和设备更新,这些制管企业主要有:哈尔楚兹制管集团的第二焊管厂,维克松钢铁公司的TBд焊管厂和沃尔什制管公司的530～1420焊管厂等.技术改造...     

Russia pushes ahead with new pipelines

The start of the construction of an oil export pipeline from Eastern Siberia to the Pacific Ocean marks an important new phase in Russia's policy of diversifying its exports away from Europe. Sales to the former Comecon nations of Eastern Europe have been eroded over the last decade-and-a-half since the countries there have tried to import crude oil from the North Sea and elsewhere, following the collapse of the Soviet economic bloc with its barter system of trade in oil and major commodities. Recently, Western Europeans have expressed concerns about the share of Russian supplies in their energy balances, particularly since the argument between Russia and Ukraine over gas supplies at the beginning of 2006 ( see 'Gas and Power', February 2006 ). Since then, the European Commission has been warning of the danger of the European Union's becoming over-reliant on Russian energy.     

EU worries (again) about Russian energy supplies

The issue of energy security has been thrust back on Europe's agenda with the interruption to Russian oil exports to central and eastern Europe. The Russians raised their prices to Belarus at the start of the year by imposing an export duty on their crude oil. Belarus retaliated by charging the Russians more to transport their oil through Belarus to countries further west, prompting the Russians to stop supplying Belarus altogether. The whole episode aroused fears across the EU of a repeat of the argument between Russia and Ukraine that led to a shortfall in gas deliveries to western Europe at the beginning of last year ( see 'Focus', January 2006 ).     

EU wrong-footed as Russia moves ahead with new export pipelines

Whilst the European Union (EU) tries to find new sources of gas imports outside Russia, Moscow is pre-empting any such moves to lessen the EU's dependence on Russia by announcing new plans to bring gas to Central and Western Europe. A major new gas export line has been brought nearer by an agreement to route the South Stream gas pipeline via Serbia, whilst another export project has just been agreed under which Russia will provide a conduit to Europe for gas from Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.     

从新世纪独联体有关地球排气和油气成因理论进展所得到的启示

近20 年来,令人惊讶的是,独联体油气地质界很多知名学者的油气成因观点发生了重大变化,提出很多新理论和新思路。这是我们现在很不了解的,其认识水平超过美欧油气地质学界,很有必要向国内同行加以介绍。     

HUGE ADVANTAGES OF ENERGY COOPERATION AMONG CHINA, RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

In November 30 to December 2,2005, Beijing successfully hosted the “2nd Sino-Russo-Kazakh-Oil Forum”, on which the participants discussed the ways to find the crossing points of their common benefit. In addition to the participants from China, Russia and Kazakhstan, some representatives from the petroleum industries of other countries such as Ukraine, Turkmenistan, England and Netherlands also attended the meeting.     

俄罗斯干线煤气管道可靠性研究

俄罗斯是世界上最早敷设干线输送管道的国家之一,使用的干线输送管道已有半个多世纪的历史,干线管道在给俄罗斯带来巨大经济利益的同时,也存在着安全隐患.简要介绍了俄罗斯干线煤气管道的概况,并对其干线煤气管道故障的原因进行了分析.研究表明,俄罗斯干线煤气管道故障的主要原因是应力腐蚀、腐蚀龟裂和长期使用所导致的金属材料结构老化....     

俄罗斯地下储气库现状及未来发展

储气库建设是天然气调峰及战略储备的重要手段,中国处于储气库建设初级阶段。俄罗斯储气库建设起步较早,形成了系统的储气库建设技术,建立了比较完善的储气库网。从跟踪及借鉴的角度出发,追踪了俄罗斯储气库发展过程及俄罗斯对储气库的需求,介绍了俄罗斯在用储气库、在建储气库、正在勘查储气库的数量、分布、建设时间、重点参数等,分析了俄罗斯储气库建设关键技术,阐述了俄罗斯储气库建设未来发展规划。在此基础上,对中俄储气库合作前景进行了分析,建议中国与俄罗斯在储气库建设方面开展合作,促进中国储气库建设快速发展,改善中国天然气季节性不均衡局面。     

Multinational Gas Pipeline Hopeful on Schedule

The Kovykta project, which will transport natural gas from Russia's Eastern Siberia to China and Republic of Korea, might come out ahead over the Sino-Russian oil pipeline project. China and Russia are negotiating the price of the piped gas and the result of negotiations will likely be seen in three to four months, TNK-BP President and Chief Executive Officer Robert Dudley recently said,adding that he is confident that natural gas from Kovykta will start flowing through the pipeline by the end of 2008 as planned.     

俄罗斯可燃冰开发现状及未来发展

可燃冰（天然气水合物）是一种清洁高效能源。随着社会对天然气需求的增加,世界各国对可燃冰开发越来越重视。俄罗斯具有丰富的可燃冰资源,其可燃冰开发水平影响中俄天然气供求关系。从跟踪及借鉴的角度出发,介绍了俄罗斯可燃冰研发历程、储量及分布、研发机构,阐述了俄罗斯可燃冰目前技术进展、下步开采方案、近期发展规划,分析了中国可燃冰试采成功对俄罗斯的影响及俄罗斯应对措施。在此基础上,建议中国在可燃冰领域与俄罗斯开展合作,加快可燃冰开发进程,改善我国天然气短缺局面。     

俄罗斯干线油气管道焊接加热方法探讨

提出了干线油气管道焊接加热的优点和必要性;介绍了俄罗斯焊接加热的技术规范,并与美、英两国的焊接加热方式进行比较。阐述了俄罗斯干线油气管道焊接加热的方法及专家对这些方法的分析和探讨,并针对俄罗斯焊接加热的相关技术文件提出了补充和修改建议。最后,对我国管道焊接加热方式提出了建设性意见。     

用可控分散磁活性体系堵水

研究用可控分散磁活性体系对油井水淹层堵水工艺技术。该项技术是将磁活性隔离液通过磁发生器后，有选择地进入水层，将出水层堵住与油层隔开，以达到堵水的目的。该项技术适用于砂岩或碳酸盐地层，并可在较大深度、温度和压力范围内应用。现已在乌克兰、俄罗斯、保加利亚等国家的一些油田试验应用，都取得较好的效果。     

中国从贫气国正迈向产气大国

根据对世界上产气国年产气量的分析,把年产气达500亿m^3的国家称为产气大国。目前世界上有11个产气大国,俄罗斯是世界第一产气大国。成为产气大国有两项基本条件：一是天然气可采资源量一般大于13万亿m^3;二是剩余可采储量一般为1．246万亿m^3或更多。2003年中国已具备这两项基本条件。预测2004年中国年产气突破405亿m^3,比2003年增产62亿m^3。2005年年产气将接近或达到500亿m^3,中国将成为产气大国。图4表2参23     

俄罗斯油气工业上游合作项目投资环境及潜力分析

俄罗斯油气资源丰富,其探明石油和天然气储量分列世界第七和第一位。随着中俄政治互信程度的不断提高,两国在石油领域的上下游一体化合作共识日益加深。石油和天然气作为战略性资源,俄政府不断强化控制和监督力度,核心目标是国家政治、经济利益最大化。由于西西伯利亚、伏尔加-乌拉尔等中西部老油田采出程度不断提高,俄政府急需寻找新的能源接替区。东西伯利亚地区油气资源规模巨大,但是探明程度很低,随着东西伯利亚-太平洋输油管道工程的竣工,该地区将成为俄罗斯未来油气储产量稳定增长的重要支撑。东西伯利亚地区紧邻我国,具有十分重要的地缘优势,应成为今后开展上游油气合作项目的重点关注地区。     

MODELLING HYDROCARBON GENERATION IN THE PALAEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC SUCCESSIONS IN SE POLAND AND WEST UKRAINE

The Lower Palaeozoic succession in SE Poland and West Ukraine has source rock potential, particularly the Ordovician and Silurian which contain oil‐prone Type II kerogen. The thermal maturity of these units ranges from early to late‐phase oil window (locally up to gas window). Within the Mesozoic succession, source rock potential is highest in the Middle Jurassic which has TOC of up to 26 wt% and a genetic potential of up to 39 mg/g of rock, with organic matter dominated by gas‐prone Type III kerogen. In SE Poland, the organic matter in this unit is generally immature, whereas maturities in West Ukraine are sufficient for hydrocarbon generation to occur. Modelling of hydrocarbon generation suggested that petroleum in Lower Palaeozoic source rocks began to be generated in the Early Carboniferous. Peak generation took place from the late Visean to the early Namurian, and terminated either as a result of source rock depletion or Variscian inversion. Expelled hydrocarbons migrated during post‐Carboniferous and Mesozoic uplift. Middle Jurassic source rocks in SE Poland have only reached the early oil window. Higher thermal maturities in the Ukraine resulted in hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. This took place after Miocene burial and maturation. A number of small hydrocarbon accumulations occur in Mesozoic reservoirs in SE Poland / West Ukraine, and hydrocarbons have migrated from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks. However, the prospectivity of the study area is reduced as a result of phases of uplift and intense erosion which allowed hydrocarbons to escape from structural traps.     

�����ǵ�����Ȼ����Դ״��������չ��

东北亚地区天然气资源丰富 ,其原始资源总量超过 2 2 0× 10 12 m3 ,主要集中在俄罗斯东部和中国。各地区的天然气需求差别很大 ,资源丰富的俄罗斯西西伯利亚地区天然气在能源结构中的比例高达 5 7.6 % ;油气资源匮乏的日本和韩国主要以LNG的形式由研究区域以外进口天然气 ,且主要用于发电和民用 ;拥有资源与利用市场的中国天然气则刚刚起步。文章在系统研究该地区天然气资源状况与需求现状的基础上 ,指出随着经济的发展与环保压力的增加 ,该地区 2 0 10年天然气利用将达 (2 737～ 3839)× 10 8m3 ,2 0 2 0年将达 (5 0 4 9～ 5 2 87)× 10 8m3 ,该地区的天然气利用在世纪之初将呈现旺盛的发展势头。     

俄罗斯油气输送用钢管标准与国内常用标准对比分析

介绍了目前中国、欧美和俄罗斯常用油气输送钢管标准的使用情况及其发展趋势。我国油气输送钢管国家标准等效采用了国际标准化组织的ISO 3183标准,基本等同于欧美标准,而俄罗斯标准自成体系,和欧美标准有较大的差异。随着我国与俄罗斯、里海地区国家能源合作的深入开展,了解中俄两国油气输送钢管标准的使用情况及其差异,对于我国参与国际管线技术标准的制定和钢管生产都有十分重要的意义。     

China Urges Russia to Honor Oil Agreements

China's Premier Wen Jiabao paid a three-day official visit to Russia in late September with a mission to secure more power supply from Russia to satisfy China's booming demand for oil and gas.This is his first visit to Russia since taking office in March last year. Oil was top of the agenda in Premier Wen's trip to Moscow.