断裂失效分析(续)

3.3疲劳断裂失效分析　疲劳断裂失效分析的内容包括：分析判断零件的断裂失效是否属于疲劳断裂与疲劳断裂的类别;引起疲劳断裂的载荷类型与大小以及疲劳断裂的起源等.疲劳断裂失效分析的目的则是找出引起疲劳断裂的确切原因,从而为防止同类疲劳断裂失效再次出现所要采取的措施提供依据.     

55CrSi钢气门弹簧断裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相检验和硬度测试等方法对Ф3．6mm55CrSi钢气门弹簧在台架试验中的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明：由于钢丝表面存在的脆性非金属夹杂物,导致气门弹簧在试验时出现早期疲劳断裂。     

安全阀用弹簧断裂失效分析

某安全阀用弹簧在使用半年后断裂，对失效弹簧进行了理论检验，检验结果表明，弹簧断裂的性质为腐蚀疲劳，断裂过程为腐蚀疲劳起源并放源，裂纹扩展到一定长度后快速断裂；弹簧断裂的原因是由于腐蚀作用的存在和材料抗疲劳性能较差所致，建议加强密封，以防工作介质进入弹簧所在的位置。     

汽轮机叶片断裂失效分析

利用电子显微镜对汽轮机叶片断裂原因进行分析,结果是疲劳断裂。     

压缩机十字头销断裂失效分析及预防

通过故障件材料的化学成分，宏观，微观断口，力学性能及受力状况分析，确定了甘压缩机十字头销疲劳断裂的模式、找到了造成断裂的主要原因，提出了防止断裂的有效措施。     

钻杆的失效分析

对某油井连续发生12次刺穿断裂事故进行了调查,用力学试验、化学分析、金相、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段并结合现场实际情况对刺穿钻杆进行了失效分析.结果表明.由空气钻井改用泥浆钻井时,由于只改变了钻井方式和钻头,未改变钻具组合而导致钻具与井壁之间的间隙过大,从而导致钻杆的疲劳断裂.     

断裂失效分析(续)

3 疲劳断裂失效。3.1 概述：按断裂前宏观塑性变形的大小分类,疲劳断裂属脆性断裂范畴.但由于疲劳断裂出现的比例高,危害性大,且是在交变载荷作用下出现的断裂,因此国内外工程界均将其单独作为一种断裂形式加以重点分析研究。     

空调压缩机阀片失效分析

某空调压缩机使用约半月,压缩机中的阀自理即产生断裂。通过对空调压缩机阀片的化学成分分析、金相观察、磁粉探伤和断口扫描电镜及能谱分析,确定了阀片断裂失效方式是疲劳破坏。原材料中非金属夹杂物的存在是导致疲劳破坏的原因。用工程断裂力学研究了非金属夹杂物尺寸对阀片疲劳寿命的影响。     

Failures analysis of particle reinforced metal matrix composites by microstructure based models

This paper discusses the methodology of microstructure based elastic–plastic finite element analysis of particle reinforced metal matrix composites. This model is used to predict the failure of two dimensional microstructure models under tensile loading conditions. A literature survey indicates that the major failure mechanism of particle reinforced metal matrix composites such as particle fracture, interfaces decohesion and matrix yielding is mainly dominated by the distribution of particles in the matrix. Hence, analyses were carried out on the microstructure of random and clustered particles to determine its effect on strength and failure mechanisms. The finite element analysis models were generated in ANSYS, using scanning electron microscope images. The percentage of major failures and stress–strain responses were predicted numerically for each microstructure. It is evident from the analysis that the clustering nature of particles in the matrix dominates the failure modes of particle reinforced metal matrix composites.     

Failure analysis of a cast steel railway wheel

The failure analysis of a broken railway pearlitic cast steel railway wheel, which was involved in a train derailment, has been investigated. The fractographic results near the fracture origin of the wheel have been compared to the regions of stable (fatigue) and unstable crack propagation of cast steel fracture toughness samples. The macro and microfractographic features of the broken wheel did not show any evidence of the occurrence of a fatigue mechanism, indicating that its fracture was caused by transgranular cleavage fracture, as a consequence of the train derailment.     

汽车发动机风扇叶片断裂分析

汽车发动机风扇叶片在汽车运行中断裂,对断裂叶片的断口进行了宏、微观分析,并追踪了风扇的生产工艺,探明了叶片失效的主要原因是冲压工艺不当产生了微裂纹,在随后的工作应力作用下,产生疲劳断裂,改进工艺后避免了该类失效事故的发生。     

沙滩车倒车档轴断裂分析

采用化学分析、断口形貌分析和金相组织检验等方法,对沙滩车断裂的倒车档轴进行了分析。结果表明,倒车档轴断裂属多源旋转弯曲疲劳断裂,裂源处机加工精度不高,造成应力集中,是发生断裂的原因之一;而该倒车档轴由于渗碳淬火层深度不够,心部铁素体较多,导致其抗疲劳能力下降,因此热处理工艺不当也是发生断裂的另一重要原因。     

Comparison of four-ball and five-ball rolling contact fatigue tests on lubricated Si3N4/steel contact

Accelerated four-ball and five-ball rolling tests were performed on HIPed Si₃N₄ ball samples (rough lapped with surface roughness value R_a 0.08 μm and R_q 0.118 μm) in fully lubricated condition. The contact load and the stress cycles per minute for four-ball rolling and five-ball rolling tests were maintained the same. The rolling track appearances of five-ball tests reveal severe sliding occurred. In one case, the opposite arc cracks were generated all over the two sides of the rolling track, and this could not be explained by simplified kinematics model. The failure mechanisms were discussed, which suggest the sliding on the two sides of the track was in the opposite direction.     

Micromechanical analysis of polyacrylamide-modified concrete for improving strengths

This paper studies how polyacrylamide (PAM) alters the physicochemical and mechanical properties of concrete. The microstructure of PAM-modified concrete and the physicochemical reaction between PAM and concrete were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and infrared spectrum analysis. Meanwhile, the workability and strengths of cement paste and concrete were tested. PAM's modification mechanism was also discussed. Results indicate that PAM reacts with the Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺ cations produced by concrete hydration to form the ionic compounds and reduce the crystallization of Ca(OH)₂, acting as a flexible filler and reinforcement in the porosity of concrete and, therefore, improving concrete's engineering properties. PAM also significantly alters the microstructure at the aggregate–cement interfacial transition zone. Mechanical testing results indicate that the fluidity of cement paste decreases initially, then increases, and decreases again with increasing PAM content. PAM can effectively improve the flexural strength, bonding strength, dynamic impact resistance, and fatigue life of concrete, though it reduces the compressive strength to some extent.     

Failure analysis of rolling mill stand coupling

The failure analysis of two slipper couplings showed that both couplings fractured as a result of fatigue. In both cases, the fracture started in the corner between the paddle and the coupling body and propagated around the corner. Both fractures are caused by deficient design of the fillet between the paddle and the coupling body with high stress concentration. In order to extend actual service life, three design modifications have been considered. Numerical analysis showed that redesign of coupling by stiffener between the paddle and the coupling body reduces maximum local and actual service life of couplings can be improved from finite to infinite.     

Fatigue damage accumulation in cold-drawn patented steel wire under variable loading

In this work cumulative fatigue damage characteristics of patented steel wire has been studied in the form of stepped loading and block loading under tension–tension load control condition. The experimental results were modeled utilizing three commonly used fatigue damage accumulation rules namely linear damage rule, double linear damage rule and damage curve approach. The results obtained showed that among these three damage accumulation rules damage curve approach gives the best agreement with the experimental results. Although double linear damage rule reveals better results under stepped loading condition, nevertheless under block loading the results are not promising. The linear damage approach gives acceptable results only under block loading, however damage curve approach is more reliable in either stepped loading and block loading. Fractography examinations revealed unusual oblique fracture surface seemingly due to inhomogeneous deformation pattern of pearlite colonies in the cold-drawn patented steel wires.     

Multiaxial fatigue and failure analysis of helical compression springs

Multiaxial fatigue criteria are applied to the analysis of helical compression springs. The critical plane approaches, Fatemi–Socie and Wang–Brown, and the Coffin–Manson method based on shear deformation, were used to predict fatigue lives of the springs under constant amplitude loading. Experimental fatigue lives are compared with the multiaxial fatigue criteria predictions. The stress analysis was carried out in the finite element code ANSYS, and the multiaxial fatigue study was performed using the fatigue software nCode. A failure analysis was conducted in order to determine the fatigue crack initiation point and a comparison of that location with the most damaged zone predicted by the numerical analysis is made. The Fatemi–Socie critical plane approach gives a good prediction of fatigue life. While the Wang–Brown criterion overestimates spring fatigue life, the Coffin–Mason model gives conservative results.